Which plants in garden cultivation are mutually beneficial and which are mutually antagonistic?

Every plant has its own temperament and characteristics. Some plants are mutually beneficial and can help each other grow, while some plants are mutually antagonistic, inhibiting each other's growth or even causing mutual harm. Understanding the mutually beneficial and antagonistic behaviors among plants is greatly beneficial for seedling production and planting!

1. Mutually beneficial flowering plants

Planting pot marigold (Calendula officinalis) together with Chinese rose (Rosa chinensis) can effectively control soil nematodes and make the Chinese rose grow vigorously;

Planting grapes together with stock (Matthiola incana) makes the grapes produce a stronger fragrance;

Interplanting tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) and herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora) can noticeably promote the growth of the tree peony, making its branches and leaves luxuriant and its flowers large and brightly colored;

Red-twig dogwood (Cornus alba) and maple, elderberry and spruce, walnut and hawthorn, and Chinese chestnut and Chinese pine can mutually promote each other.

Lilies and roses grown together or placed together in a vase can extend the flowering period.

Amaryllis and night-blooming jasmine (Cestrum nocturnum), camellia and red rain lily (Zephyranthes), pomegranate flower and moss rose (Portulaca grandiflora), hydrangea and Chinese rose, and scarlet sage and pea flower all benefit each other when planted together. Pine, poplar and Caragana planted together also have good effects.

Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus), whose flowering period is only one day, can have its flowering period extended to 3 days if placed together with cypress;

Placing camellia, sasanqua camellia (Camellia sasanqua), red-flowered oil camellia (Camellia chekiangoleosa), etc. together with mountain litsea (Litsea cubeba) can noticeably reduce sooty mold disease.

Onion and carrot are good friends; the odors they release can mutually drive away pests;

When lotus-leaved wiregrass, whose roots, stems and leaves all release chemical substances, is mixed-cropped with radish, large radishes grow within half a month.

Gramineous forage grasses have many roots and can secrete organic acids that promote the formation of granular structure, which is utilized by leguminous plants. The root systems of leguminous plants not only help the soil form granular structure but also produce nitrogen fertilizer to promote the growth of gramineous forage grasses.

2. Mutually antagonistic flowering plants

The secretions of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) and lilac inhibit the growth of nearby flowers and trees; lilac and stock cannot be mixed-planted;

Bird cherry (Prunus padus) inhibits the growth of certain plants;

The leaves and roots of walnut can secrete a substance that inhibits flowering trees of the rose family such as crabapple and many herbaceous flowers,

It is also unsuitable to plant fir trees around peach trees;

Grapes cannot be interplanted with small-leaved elm;

Elm cannot be interplanted with oak or white birch;

Pine and spruce cannot be interplanted;

The secretions from the root system of elderberry inhibit the growth of pine and poplar;

Planting various flowers beside fruit trees will accelerate flower withering.

Narcissus and lily of the valley cannot be neighbors; if grown together they will "perish together";

Lilac planted beside fragrant lily of the valley will immediately wilt. The fragrance of lilac also endangers the life of narcissus.

Keeping lilac, stock, tulip and forget-me-not together will harm them all.

Flowering plants that can secrete aromatic substances, such as mint and Chinese rose, have a certain inhibitory effect on the ecology of nearby flowers.

Savine (Juniperus chinensis) should not be planted together with pear or crabapple, lest the latter contract rust disease leading to leaf and fruit drop.

When rose and mignonette (Reseda odorata) are together, the former crowds out the latter and makes it wither; and mignonette, before and after withering, releases a chemical substance that poisons the rose to death.

If ripe apples, bananas, etc. are placed together with blooming roses, Chinese roses, narcissus, etc., the ethylene released by the former will make the potted flowers wither early, thereby shortening the ornamental period.

The leaves, bark and roots of oleander (Nerium oleander) secrete oleandrin and juglone, which will harm other flowers.

Planting hydrangea and jasmine, dahlia and Chinese rose, narcissus and lily of the valley, or rose and lilac together will harm both parties or one of them. Pine cannot coexist with elderberry; it not only strongly inhibits the growth of pine but also prevents pine seeds under nearby elderberry from germinating. It cannot crowd out the growth of white-leaved poplar. Pine has antagonistic relationships with white ash, spruce, oak and white birch, etc., and the result is that the pine withers. Cypress and orange trees also do not easily grow together.

In addition, lilac, mint and laurel can secrete large amounts of aromatic substances that have an inhibitory effect on the ecology of adjacent plants, so it is best not to place them together with other potted flowers for long periods; the volatile oils of savine contain ether and chloroform, which will slow the respiration of other flowering plants, stop their growth, and cause poisoning symptoms.

Cabbage and mustard are a pair of irreconcilable "enemies"; if they are together they will "cause mutual harm";

If castor bean and mustard are planted together, although the former is much more robust than the latter, the lower leaves of the former will largely turn yellow and dry up and it will gradually die.

If tomato and cucumber live in the same "house," they will sulk at each other every day and not grow well, thus leading to reduced yield.

If cabbage and celery are interplanted, neither will grow well and they may even die.

Planting cabbage in a vineyard will inhibit the growth of the grapes.

In a forest, if oak and elm meet, you will find that the oak's branches bend and grow away from the elm, striving to avoid this "bad neighbor."

Therefore, after understanding the mutually beneficial and antagonistic relationships among plants, one should choose suitable plants to grow together and avoid planting mutually antagonistic plants together, so that plants can grow better.

What are the feng shui taboos for villa garden plants?

In villa gardens, people generally build a fish pond or swimming pool, set up a pavilion, and plant some garden plants with auspicious meanings in spacious areas, adding a bit of green to the villa. In hot summers, they can also help prevent heatstroke and lower temperatures.
So, let's take a look from the perspective of villa feng shui together with the editor below!

The mission of modern feng shui is to graft the simple truths of traditional feng shui onto modern environmental landscape science, interpreting them to better serve humanity.

Green mountains and clear waters, shelter from wind and facing the sun, will make people feel joyful; murmuring streams and flourishing vegetation will make people linger; singing orioles and dancing swallows, birdsong and fragrant flowers, will make people feel relaxed and happy.

The various physical, physiological and psychological effects that environmental landscapes produce on humans. All of this will make our thinking clearer and more agile, and our creative inspiration especially active.

The purpose of feng shui is to seek vitality. And places with vitality should be: sheltered from wind and facing the sun, with green mountains and clear waters, murmuring streams, flourishing vegetation, singing orioles and dancing swallows, birdsong and fragrant flowers. This exactly coincides with ecological architecture! Ecological architecture is an ecological discipline that studies the symbiotic relationship between human architectural environments and natural organisms.

Planting according to the Five Elements to change home feng shui
Conventional Chinese fate theory emphasizes the mutual generation and mutual overcoming among metal, wood, water, fire and earth. Whatever is lacking must be supplemented, and whatever overcomes must be transformed. In addition to starting with names, you can also use plants to change your feng shui.

Horticultural feng shui is only a rare glimpse within the whole of feng shui studies, but it uses simple plants to achieve the effect of changing feng shui, and it can also beautify the home environment. So-called horticultural feng shui, simply put, is dividing plants into the five major categories of metal, wood, water, fire and earth, and planting appropriate plants according to the home environment and personal feng shui conditions.

Metal: Belongs to the yellow color series of flowers, and must be paired with metal flower vessels and accessories. Among them, money tree (Pachira aquatica), wan liang jin, money plant (Zamioculcas zamiifolia), narcissus and yellow mandarin are most recommended.

Wood: All green plants belong to this category, and seed plants should be chosen, implying "prosperity." For example, the emerald small potted plant at Jianguo Flower Market that costs only 50 yuan per pot, and bamboo-leaf podocarp (Podocarpus macrophyllus) (RiBen mo cao).

Water: Represented by hydroponically cultivated plants, paired with blue or transparent glass flower vessels, such as lucky bamboo and evergreen (Aglaonema).

Fire: Plants that bloom or bear fruit, using red flowers and flower vessels. For example, anthurium, Phalaenopsis orchid and garden balsam are all very suitable.

Earth: Indoor shade-tolerant plants should use black flower vessels or flower vessels inlaid with gemstones. For example, emerald plant and cactus can all be planted.

In the application of feng shui, plants are often used to attract good fortune and transform bad energy, so different plants are given different meanings.

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The role of garden plants in garden landscapes