How to prevent and control flower pests and diseases? Master the principles and requirements of prevention and control
In the previous two articles, we talked about the harm pests cause to flowers and the morphological characteristics of pests. Quite a few flower lovers left comments saying they wanted to know how to prevent and control pests and diseases on flowers and how to grow flowers well. In fact, during the growth and development of flowers, the external environment often causes poor development, deformed leaves, various disease spots, and even death. Therefore, pest and disease prevention and control work is imperative. Below, the editor of Hui Nong Wang talks with you about the principles and requirements of flower pest and disease prevention and control.
1. Choose a suitable cultivation environment
Generally, flowers should be planted in a ventilated, sunny place. Where light, temperature and humidity can be reasonably regulated, the occurrence of pests and diseases will be relatively reduced.
Promptly remove the remains of diseased and pest-infested plants and dead branches and fallen leaves, and destroy them centrally. During production operations, avoid repeated contamination. When pruning, cultivating, weeding and pinching, you must be reasonable and scientific, and prevent tools and hands from transmitting pathogens to healthy plants. Diseased soil and pots must not be reused without disinfection.
2. Choose excellent cultivation seedlings
When planting, choose disease-free seedlings, or excellent seeds with strong resistance to pests and diseases. Some pests and diseases spread and expand with propagation materials such as seeds. For the prevention and control of such diseases, cultivating and selecting disease-free and pest-free seeds must be taken as an important measure. At the same time, the soil must be disinfected; frequently remove weeds to eliminate sources of pest and disease infection.
3. Strengthen scientific daily management
Strengthen scientific management of soil, fertilization, watering and so on. Reasonable and appropriate fertilization and irrigation will make plants grow robustly. When using organic fertilizer, it must be fully decomposed to reduce sources of infection; if using inorganic fertilizer, be sure to pay attention to the balance among elements, prompting plants to grow robustly and enhancing disease resistance. The method, frequency, amount and timing of watering are all related to the plant's growth, development and stress resistance.
4. Scientifically prevent and control pests and diseases once discovered
There are generally 3 control methods:
(1) Biological control
Control methods that use bacteria to treat diseases, bacteria to control insects, or insects to control insects.
(2) Physical control
Mainly through heat treatment, mechanical barriers and radiation irradiation and other methods to prevent and control pests and diseases, such as covering with plastic film in early spring.
(3) Chemical control
Simply put, it means using pesticides. The operation is simple and the effect is remarkable, but the environmental pollution is relatively large. Therefore, pesticides with low toxicity, high efficiency and low pollution should be selected to prevent and control pests and diseases, and pesticides must not be applied indiscriminately.
The above is the principles and requirements for flower pest and disease prevention and control compiled by the editor of Hui Nong Wang. Have you all learned them? If you want to learn more agricultural technical knowledge, please follow Hui Nong Xue Tang!
How to prevent and control flower diseases? Control methods for common diseases of household flowers
Flowers are currently the main household greening plants for city residents. During the planting process, various diseases are often encountered. If not prevented and controlled in time, they will affect the growth of flowers. The following are the disease control methods for common flowers. Take a quick look so you can treat the right disease with the right remedy.
(1) Root rot
Root rot is a plant disease caused by pathogens in the soil, usually manifested as withered leaves, slow growth speed, and the whole plant slowly turning yellow and dropping leaves.
Root rot occurs because the plant is watered too much, drowning the plant, and then the plant's root system rots.
When root rot occurs, promptly take the plant out of the pot, throw away the old soil, cut off the rotten roots, remove the diseased branches and leaves, soak in potassium permanganate solution, then replace with new soil and plant it back into the pot, and place it in a ventilated, shaded place.
(2) Powdery mildew
Powdery mildew is a relatively common disease, and the probability of it occurring around us is also frequent. It is caused by fungal infection. It is generally more active in the plum rain season. At first, white spots appear on the leaves, then slowly cover the entire leaf, until finally turning gray. Paying attention to ventilation and light is key, and powdery mildew will slowly spread.
Handle it promptly once discovered. If powdery mildew infection is found, you can promptly use a small teaspoon of dishwashing liquid mixed with water to wash the leaves, and in severe cases cut off the diseased leaves and promptly spray chlorothalonil or thiophanate-methyl solution.
(3) Anthracnose
Anthracnose is a very annoying disease, generally occurring on plant leaves, manifested as small water-soaked spots appearing on the leaves at first, then the small spots spread outward, becoming rings of brown disease spots, gradually spreading until the entire leaf turns brown and dries up. The disease spots can form holes, and diseased leaves easily fall off.
In the early stage of the disease, cutting off the diseased leaves and promptly burning them can prevent expansion; during the disease period, promptly spray 75% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times solution, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times solution, or Tan Te Ling wettable powder 500 times solution or 50% Tan Fu Mei wettable powder 500 times solution. Once every 7 to 10 days, 3 to 4 times in succession, the control effect is relatively good.
(4) Black mold disease
Also called sooty mold, it is generally caused by the honeydew secreted by aphids. When this pest and disease appears, it also means that a pest outbreak is about to occur. This pest and disease will weaken the leaf's photosynthetic capacity, block stomata, and cause leaves to fall off.
Control: An effective control method is to wipe the leaves with diluted soapy water.
(5) Southern blight
The whole-plant manifestation of southern blight appears at the roots and the base of the stem. At first, white silky hyphae appear, then slowly affect the leaves, and finally rot and die. Southern blight generally occurs under conditions of high temperature, excessive humidity and water accumulation in the soil, so while paying attention to the overall environment, you must also pay attention to water control.
Chemical control: In the early stage of the disease, use Juan Dun diluted 800-1000 times or Feng Qia Gen Bao 600-800 times, or pour the diseased plant roots with 1% copper sulfate solution, or use carboxin wettable powder, add water and spray.
(6) Fusarium wilt
Fusarium wilt is relatively common on various vegetables and fruits, such as common tomatoes, peppers, peas and melons. The symptoms are that both the top and lower leaves of the plant wilt, then recover slightly at night, and after a period of time the entire plant wilts.
In more severe cases, it affects flowers and causes fruit rot, which will seriously affect flowering and fruiting. First, small spots appear on the flowers and fruits, and then as the fruit grows, they slowly become black leathery patches.
These are usually caused by careless watering and water accumulation damaging the plant's root system, so the calcium element in the soil cannot be absorbed by the plant, causing the plant to lack water during growth and making it prone to infection in hot, dry environments.
As long as the plant is properly cared for, most pests and diseases can be avoided, and the plant can remain healthy. When caring for plants, do not water directly onto the leaves. Keep the leaves dry and do not give the plant too much water. This helps avoid infection by most pests and diseases. If disease is found, promptly cut off diseased leaves and diseased branches, and promptly spray fungicides such as chlorothalonil or thiophanate-methyl solution.
The common diseases of flowers include the above 6 major types. During the cultivation process, everyone should pay attention to early prevention, otherwise it will promote the occurrence of diseases. The above are detailed pest and disease control methods. Do not miss them.
Also pay attention to flower pest and disease prevention and control in spring
For flowers, spring is a great season for growth and transplanting, but during this period flowers will also develop various diseases. The editor reminds you that while reasonably fertilizing flowers and doing styling and pruning well, you should also pay attention to pest and disease prevention and control.
Chinese rose
As temperatures rise and the tender buds of flowers and trees grow, various pests and diseases of flowers and trees follow. As a manager, you should inspect flowers and trees at any time and treat the disease accordingly. At present, the main chemical pesticides used for pest and disease control are: 40% omethoate 1000 times solution for aphids, pyrethroids (such as 2.5% deltamethrin, 20% fenvalerate) 2000 times solution for butterflies and moths of the order Lepidoptera, 20% dicofol 800 times solution for mites, 40% omethoate 1000 times solution for scale insects, but the control timing must be grasped at the peak hatching period of the first-generation young scales. Mid-May to early June is the critical period. Once the young scales form a protective waxy shell, general pesticide control becomes very difficult. For disease control, prevention is more important than treatment. For those flower and tree varieties that are prone to disease, inspections should be carried out frequently. Once a small number of disease spots appear, promptly spray pesticides for control. However, there are also some diseases where the pathogen has already invaded as early as the young bud stage. For these diseases, spray pesticides for control as early as possible. Generally, 70% thiophanate-methyl 700 times solution or 50% carbendazim 500 times solution can be used, sprayed once every 7 days, 2 to 3 times in succession, for comprehensive control.