How to grow Taxus media? Full-year standardized cultivation techniques
How to grow Taxus media in Hainan? Taxus media is a natural hybrid variety, now mainly distributed in southern China, with a peculiar tree shape and high ornamental value. Below, let's learn the standardized year-round planting techniques for Taxus media in Hainan.
1 Planting techniques
1.1 Planting time
Planting Taxus media is not restricted by time, but it is best to avoid the hot summer days. Taxus media prefers shade and humidity, and dislikes high temperatures and sunscald. Under full sunlight and strong light, the chlorophyll in the leaves of Taxus is destroyed, leading to plant death. Hainan has high temperatures and strong light, so it is best to plant Taxus media from October of the current year to January of the following year. During this period, Hainan's temperatures are relatively low, avoiding the scorching weather, thereby ensuring the survival rate of the seedlings.
1.2 Soil conditions
Taxus media prefers slightly acidic soil. The soil of the planting site should preferably be sandy loam, light sandy loam or medium loam with a pH value of 5.8-8.0 and good drainage.
1.3 Land preparation
Plow the soil, requiring timely plowing and harrowing, deep ploughing and fine harrowing, level ground and broken, loose soil, and removal of stones, weeds and dead branches from the surface layer of the soil to meet the planting requirements.
1.4 Shade facilities
Hainan's weather is hot, with high temperatures and strong light, so the first thing to consider when planting Taxus media in Hainan is shading. At present, based on our cultivation experience, before planting, build a shade shed with a height of 2-2.2 m and a shading degree of 70%-75% in a square shape. It is best to also cover the surroundings of the shed with shade netting, leaving about 15 cm above the ground uncovered. This can both solve the problem of excessive wind causing rapid evaporation of soil moisture and seedling moisture, and also facilitate ventilation inside the shed so that the temperature does not get too high. Such an environment is conducive to seedling growth.
1.5 Seedbed preparation
Make seedbeds into ridge beds 1-1.2 m wide, 20-25 cm high, with a ditch width of 30 cm. The soil particles should be fine and loose, and the seedbed should be level. Open drainage ditches properly according to the slope direction of the nursery site and the direction of water flow.
1.6 Planting
Determine the planting density according to seedling specifications. Generally, for 1-year-old small seedlings in the first transplant transition area, the planting density can be appropriately higher, and they can be planted at a density of 10 cm x 15 cm, with about 40,000 plants per 667 sq m. For seedlings over 3 years old, they can be planted at a density of 50 cm x 50 cm, with about 2,000 plants per 667 sq m. Taxus media has relatively well-developed lateral roots. In order to reduce planting difficulty and keep the roots in an extended state, part of the root system can be appropriately trimmed if the plant roots are too long during planting. Planting can be done by digging small trenches for row planting or by digging holes for planting. The planting depth should preferably keep the soil surface level with the root collar of the plant. After planting, water thoroughly with settling water in time.
2 Field management
2.1 Water management
Water according to actual conditions, and each watering should be thorough. Taxus media seedlings have relatively strict water requirements, and the soil must often remain moist to benefit seedling growth. However, too much water will cause the seedling roots to rot. If there is heavy rain, dredge the drainage ditches in time to drain water and avoid root rot caused by soil waterlogging. Once root rot occurs in the plants, they should be pulled out immediately and sterilized with 70% dexon. Therefore, in rainy seasons, drainage work should be done well.
2.2 Replanting
One month after planting, it can be determined whether the seedlings have survived. Remove dead seedlings and replant at the same time. It is best to choose seedlings of the same age so that the seedlings are evenly distributed and grow uniformly. After replanting, water sufficiently with settling water to protect the seedling roots.
2.3 Fertilization
For Taxus media planted in the field, fertilization can begin one month after planting, including root topdressing and foliar fertilization.
Root topdressing: The fertilizers are mainly urea and compound fertilizer. Apply 5 kg of urea and 7 kg of compound fertilizer per 667 sq m, but note that after each fertilization, water once in time; decomposed organic fertilizer can also be applied at 500 kg/667 sq m. For small seedlings, use the broadcast method, evenly spreading on the soil surface, and avoid fertilizing at noon when the light is strong. For large seedlings, use the trench application or hole application method.
Foliar fertilizer: Alternately spray 0.2% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, spraying once every 1 month.
Precautions: (1) Spray evenly on the leaf surface. (2) Dissolve urea in an appropriate amount of water first, then dilute before use. (3) Avoid periods of strong sunlight and high temperatures, and spray in the morning and evening.
2.4 Weeding
The reasonable weeding time and frequency can be determined according to weed growth. The general principle is to weed early, weed small, and weed completely. Weeding includes manual pulling, hoeing, and herbicide weeding. In production, the weeding method can be chosen according to actual conditions. When weeding manually, do not damage the seedlings, and straighten seedlings that are tilted or lodged. For herbicide weeding, before weeds emerge, use an appropriate amount of acetochlor and butachlor per 667 sq m mixed with 50 kg of water and spray evenly, and it should be sprayed after the soil has been watered and moistened. During the stem and leaf growth period of weeds, use an appropriate amount of oxyfluorfen mixed with 50 kg of water and spray evenly, which can remove most grassy weeds, sedges and broadleaf weeds.
2.5 Loosening the soil
When the soil becomes compacted, loosen the soil in time, generally 1-2 times per year. Loosening the soil should be based on not injuring the seedling roots; small seedlings should be loosened shallowly, and large seedlings deeply.
2.6 Pruning
After about 4 years of management, Taxus media enters the mature tree stage. In order to promote more lateral branches and form a larger shrub-shaped tree, pruning work is needed. The specific operation method: cut off about 10 cm of branches at the top, and also cut off overly dense branches and leaves.
2.7 Pest and disease control
Taxus media suffers relatively little damage from pests and diseases, so pest and disease control should focus on prevention. For fungicides, 1000-fold thiophanate-methyl solution can be selected and evenly sprayed once on the seedlings with a sprayer. At present, the main pest is termites, which damage the bark at the base of the tree. Mirex can be spread between the rows, or cypermethrin and beta-cyhalothrin can be sprayed on the soil surface. Taxus media seedlings are prone to root rot and stem rot in the rainy season, and can be sprayed and irrigated with 500-fold 70% dexon solution; in high-temperature seasons, they are prone to leaf blight, which can be controlled by spraying 1% Bordeaux mixture.
3 Harvesting and post-harvest management
After 5-6 years of management, when the height of Taxus media plants is about 1 m, branches can be cut for harvest. The harvest time for Taxus media is around October each year, and the amount of harvested branches should be controlled at 30%-40% of the aboveground part of the plant. After harvesting, fertilize once as soon as possible to quickly restore tree vigor. Compound fertilizer and urea can be applied. The application amount of urea is about 6 kg/667 sq m, broadcast on the soil surface. The application amount of compound fertilizer is about 8 kg/667 sq m. The method of applying compound fertilizer is to open a small ditch or hole about 10 cm away from the plant roots, apply it, then backfill soil and compact it.
The above is all the content on Taxus media planting techniques. Friends interested in growing this variety are welcome to learn!
How much does Taxus media cost? Propagation methods of Taxus media
Taxus media is a natural hybrid variety. It is an evergreen shrub of the genus Taxus in the family Taxaceae, also known as the European yew. Its female parent is Japanese yew and its male parent is European yew. It has a history of nearly 100 years of growth and development in the United States and Canada, and is also distributed in southern China. It has extremely high cultivation value. Now let's take a look at how much one Taxus media costs!
How much do Taxus media seedlings cost?
Specifications (height) Price (yuan/plant) Specifications (height) Price (yuan/plant) Specifications (height) Price (yuan/plant)
30 cm 15 yuan 40 cm 20 yuan 50 cm 40 yuan
80 cm 100 yuan 1 m 150 yuan 1.5 m 400 yuan
Note: Taxus media can bear fruit and produce red berries in 3 years. Three-year-old Taxus media basically all have flower buds. Male Taxus media flower buds are relatively large and obvious, becoming obvious from August, and blooming around March of the following year to pollinate female plants. Female plant flower buds are relatively small and very similar to buds. When blooming, they are like a small water droplet and have no pollen.
Propagation methods of Taxus media
1. Sowing: Taxus is generally sown in early spring. After the seeds have been stored for 1 year, when 30% of the seeds have cracked and shown white, sieve out the seeds in time, disinfect them in a 0.2% potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes, then rinse them clean with clear water. After drying off the surface water, sow them evenly in the furrows. After sowing, dig up screened yellow soil with mycorrhizae from under pine forests and cover the seeds, with the thickness such that the seeds are not visible. During the seedling stage, pay attention to shading and build a shade shed during the seedling period. The seed emergence rate is over 70%.
2. Cuttage: During the tree dormancy and sprouting period, choose a mixed substrate of sand, sawdust and perlite as the cutting soil. Select 1-4 year old lignified seedling branches, cut the cuttings into small sections 10 cm, 15 cm or 30 cm long. When cutting, the cut should be smooth, the lower cut should be horse-ear shaped, and leaves below 2/3 should be removed. Select agents such as ATP, ABT, NAA, IBAA, etc. to treat the cuttings, then insert them and cover with film. The cutting survival rate is generally over 85%.
Cultivation methods of Taxus media
1. Light: Taxus media likes shade and should not be exposed to direct sunlight. It can be placed in the living room, bedroom, or the corner of a balcony. In the evening, it can be placed on a windowsill to let it breathe.
2. Environment: Taxus media does not have great requirements for the environment. In addition to the first point of not exposing it to direct sunlight, also note that indoors it should not be directly blown by an air conditioner, should not be close to heating in winter, and cigarette butts, tea leaves and other miscellaneous items should not be casually thrown into the pot.
3. Watering: Taxus media needs different amounts of water at different periods. During the growing period (March-November), it needs more water, while during the dormant period (December-February), it needs relatively less. The watering cycle cannot be generalized. In spring and autumn, water once every 5-7 days; in summer, water once every 3-5 days; in winter, water thoroughly once every 7-10 days.
4. Pests and diseases: In high-temperature and drought seasons, individual young Taxus media trees may develop leaf blight and red blight, which can be controlled by spraying 1% Bordeaux mixture. If the leaves appear yellow and withered or there are pests and diseases, thiophanate-methyl and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be used for irrigation or spraying. The general dosage is one small bag mixed with 1-2 L of water.
5. Fertilization: The fertilization principle for Taxus media is small amounts and multiple applications. From November each year to March of the following year, apply farmyard manure at the roots. From early April to early June, apply urea as topdressing every 15 days, 10-30 g per plant, until early June. From mid-to-late September to the end of October, apply compound fertilizer every 15 days.
6. Pruning: The main use of Taxus media is medicinal development, and both branches and leaves are medicinal raw materials, so it is generally not pruned. For landscaping use, it can be pruned into various shapes such as spherical, tower-shaped and umbrella-shaped according to landscaping needs.
Precautions for Taxus media
1. Because the climate in the north is dry with little rain, water when the soil surface is dry, and note that it should be watered thoroughly at one time, especially in summer. The air in the north is dry, and leaf surfaces are prone to drooping due to lack of water. When the leaf surface appearance is not plump, use a small spray bottle to spray water on the leaf surface from bottom to top (in summer, it can be sprayed every day).
2. Taxus media is a shade-loving plant and is suitable for indoor placement, but it should not be placed at the air outlet of an air conditioner or beside heating, otherwise the leaf moisture evaporation of Taxus media will increase, and the branches and leaves of Taxus media will easily dehydrate quickly, causing leaves to curl and dry up.
3. Taxus media bonsai should not be watered with tea water. In particular, Beijing's water is relatively hard and has high alkalinity, so the water must be left to stand for one day before being used for watering and spraying.
Key points of efficient cultivation and management techniques for Taxus media
How to plant Taxus media? Taxus media combines medicinal and ornamental uses and has broad development prospects. It likes shade, is drought-resistant, resistant to pests and diseases, and cold-tolerant. The cultivation and management techniques of Taxus media are now summarized in order to provide reference for promoting standardized planting of Taxus media.
1 Reasonable site selection and scientific planning
1.1 Plot selection
Choose the middle and lower parts and foot slopes of river valleys, hills and gentle slopes, shady slopes or semi-shady slopes, plots with a slope below 35° or forest land with a canopy density less than 0.4. Convenient transportation is required, soil pH should be between 5.8 and 8.0, the soil layer should be deep and fertile, the soil should be loose, and drainage should be good, with sandy soil, sandy loam and loam being best. Except for desert and arid areas, areas such as the north and south slopes of the Qinling Mountains, the south slope of the Bashan Mountains, valleys, middle and lower parts of mountain slopes, and shady and semi-shady slopes, where the soil is slightly acidic, neutral or slightly alkaline, are all suitable for the planting and growth of Taxus media.
1.2 Planning and design
1.2.1 Plot division. Divide the garden into several cultivation plots. In areas with a slope of 8° or less, divide them into rectangles, with a plot area of about 1 hm2; in areas with a slope of 9° or more, divide them according to natural terrain, with a plot area of more than 1 hm2.
1.2.2 Road layout. The main road is set in the center of the forest land, with a road width of 4-6 m; branch roads intersect with the main road, with a width of 3 m. Both the main road and branch roads should be set on the boundaries of the plots.
1.2.3 Water pool layout. To prevent drought, set 1 mountain water storage pool of 100 m3 every 4 hm2.
2 Early land preparation and deep, fine tillage
2.1 Land preparation time
For spring orchard establishment, prepare the land in the summer or autumn and winter of the previous year, finishing before the soil freezes. For autumn planting, prepare the land in the spring of the same year, then plant legume crops, which both avoids overgrowth of weeds and improves the soil while increasing income.
2.2 Surface clearing
Before land preparation, use herbicides or manual cutting to clear ground cover such as weeds and shrubs, and pick up stones and miscellaneous items clean.
2.3 Land preparation methods
According to the terrain, use full reclamation, strip and hole methods for land preparation, and carry out deep and fine tillage. For farmland returned to forest and agricultural land, combine with land preparation and evenly broadcast 3% disulfoton granule 75 kg/hm2 + 50% carbendazim wettable powder 15 kg/hm2 + fine soil 450 kg/hm2 after mixing evenly to kill insects and disinfect the soil.
2.3.1 Full reclamation land preparation. For slope-tableland in the north with loose soil texture and a slope of 8° or less, as well as farmland with gentle terrain and high soil fertility, use mechanical full reclamation with a depth of 50 cm. After that, mechanically form ridges arranged in a north-south direction. The ridges are about 20 m long, 1.2 m wide and 30 cm high. Leave a 30 cm wide walkway between ridges to facilitate farming operations and drainage in rainy days.
2.3.2 Strip land preparation. On gentle slopes and sloping land with a slope of 9-25°, reclaim horizontal contour strips around the mountain, with a strip width of 1 m, depth of 50 cm, and strip spacing of 50 cm. The strip surface should be higher on the outside and lower on the inside, and a drainage ditch 20 cm wide and 20 cm deep should be dug on the inner side to prevent rainwater from washing away the strip surface and causing soil erosion.
2.3.3 Block land preparation. On steep slopes and barren hills and wasteland with a slope of 26-35°, use block land preparation, with a specification of 40 cm x 40 cm x 50 cm and a spacing of 80 cm x 100 cm. The pits are arranged along contour lines in a zigzag pattern. For intercropping in forest land, carry out block land preparation in forest gaps according to tree distribution.
2.4 Applying sufficient base fertilizer
Apply base fertilizer 1 month before planting. For ridge-shaped and strip land preparation, first open ditches, then evenly spread base fertilizer into the ditches, and backfill soil to make the ditches bulge. On the ridge surface, according to a row spacing of 30 cm, use a pulled plow to open 3 ditches 10 cm wide and 10 cm deep, and apply about 750 kg/hm2 of superphosphate; open 1 ditch in the middle of the strip surface and apply about 300 kg/hm2 of superphosphate. For hole land preparation, dig planting holes with a specification of 20 cm x 20 cm x 20 cm, apply 20 g of superphosphate per hole, mix evenly with topsoil and backfill into the pit, making the planting hole bulge like a steamed bun.
3 Use strong seedlings and plant reasonably densely
3.1 Seedling selection
The selected seedlings must have undergone 1-2 years of hardening. They are required to be free of pests and diseases, with a seedling height of 25 cm or more, ground diameter of 5 mm or more, root length of 10 cm or more, complete root system, 2 or more first-level branches, and branch length of 8 cm or more. Bare-root seedlings are often used for afforestation, but container seedlings and soil-ball seedlings are better. When transporting seedlings, strictly quarantine them, and it is strictly forbidden to transport wet seedlings to prevent heating and burning the seedlings. Take measures for moisture retention, sun protection, ventilation and air permeability, and load and unload gently.
3.2 Planting density
Seedlings grow slowly in the first 3 years and faster in the next 3 years. At the picking stage, the crown can reach 100 cm x 80 cm. To make full use of land resources and facilitate mechanical picking, when planting in plots with a slope of 8° or less, the initial spacing is designed as 30 cm x 60 cm. In the 3rd year, every other plant can be removed for use, making the spacing 60 cm x 120 cm. In plots with a slope of 9-25°, plant in single rows along contour lines, with a planting row width of 1 m and row spacing of 50 cm. The initial plant spacing is 30 cm. In the 3rd year, every other plant can be removed for use, making the plant spacing reach 60 cm.
3.3 Planting time
Generally plant in spring from February to March or autumn from September to October. Among these, autumn planting is better. The planting time should be chosen on cloudy and rainy days or in the morning and evening of sunny days, avoiding hot weather.
3.4 Planting techniques
3.4.1 Seedling treatment. Use a 1500-fold rooting agent aqueous solution mixed with fine clay to make slurry, and dip the seedling root fibers in the slurry. For seedlings that have been transported over long distances, appropriately trim some branches, leaves and root fibers before dipping. Distribute the root-dipped seedlings to the planting holes.
3.4.2 Planting method. Use hole planting. Dig open the backfilled hole or ditch (in hole shape, specification 20 cm x 20 cm x 20 cm), plant 1 plant per hole, straighten the seedling stem, backfill 10 cm of soil, lift the seedling and extend the root system, compact, then backfill soil and compact again. Leave the planting hole 4 cm deep and do not fill it level with soil, so that it can store water on rainy days. For field planting with irrigation conditions, fill it level. After planting, water thoroughly with settling water in time, about 1 kg of water or clear manure water per plant. Use sprinkler irrigation for field planting.
4 Differentiate age stages and manage carefully
4.1 Young tree stage management
The first 3 years after successful planting are the young tree stage management phase. No management is needed in winter of the current year, and they can overwinter naturally. Management work is mainly concentrated in spring.
4.1.1 Replanting. About 60 d after planting, promptly replant seedlings of the same age for those that have not survived, and water sufficiently with clear manure water to ensure survival.
4.1.2 Shading. Young seedlings like shade, and by the middle-age stage they prefer neutral to slightly sunny conditions. In the 1st year, corn can be intercropped; in the 2nd year, soybeans can be intercropped, playing roles in shading, nitrogen fixation and increasing income. Steep slopes are not suitable for intercropping crops, and weeding can be postponed by 2 months, hoeing and tending only 30-50 cm around the plants, while the rest is not weeded, so as to achieve the purposes of shading, protecting seedlings and preserving water.
4.1.3 Topdressing. Start topdressing 30 d after planting, twice a year for 3 consecutive years. Apply nitrogen fertilizer from late March to early April to promote branch growth; apply phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in early August to promote lignification of new shoots and root growth. In the 1st year, apply 20 g/plant of urea and 30 g/plant of phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer; in the 2nd year, apply 30 g/plant of urea and 50 g/plant of phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer; in the 3rd year, apply 50 g/plant each of urea and phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer. The fertilization time is before irrigation or around rain, and before 11:00 and after 16:00. Dig small holes or shallow ditches, broadcast, and cover with soil.
4.1.4 Loosening soil and weeding. After each irrigation or rainfall, timely carry out intertillage, loosening the soil and preserving moisture. Combine loosening the soil with weeding, choose continuous sunny days, mainly use manual hoeing, and achieve early weeding, small weeding, and complete weeding. Hoe and tend once each in May-June and August-September, and cut and tend once in July. During hoeing and tending, earth up the seedlings and expand the holes, and loosen the hole soil to promote root growth. If pulling weeds damages the plant roots, promptly straighten the plants and water with clear manure water to promote plant growth. For weeds on roads, empty strips and around the garden, carry out chemical weeding. Choose a windless sunny noon and spray with 500-fold glyphosate solution plus a small amount of washing powder. It should be noted that herbicides must not be sprayed on the plants.
4.1.5 Pest and disease control. Focus on prevention. In May, irrigate the roots with 500-fold 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 4000-fold 99% hymexazol solution, about 500 g per plant, once every 7 d, irrigating 3 times to prevent diseases. From April to June, use 3000-fold 10% imidacloprid wettable powder spray to control aphids, and use 1000-fold 40% supusha spray to control scale insects.
4.1.6 Irrigation and drainage. When rainfall is abundant in mountainous areas, watering may not be needed. The number and amount of irrigation depend on the degree of drought. Generally, irrigate once before and after spring sprouting and once in late autumn. In conditions that are not particularly dry, do not irrigate too much, and appropriately control water in autumn. When there is too much rain, drain in time to prevent waterlogging. Combined with land preparation, form ridges on flat land, build platform fields in low-lying land, and dig drainage ditches around the plots.
4.2 Mature tree stage management
Three years after planting, the trees enter the mature stage, and management is relatively complex. However, weeding and loosening the soil, pest and disease control, and irrigation and drainage are the same as in the young tree stage, and are not repeated here.
4.2.1 Pruning. Prune in February-March before spring sprouting, mainly by topping to promote more lateral branches and form a larger crown. The specific method is to cut off about 10 cm of the top branch tips, and the action should be quick and continuous. At the same time, cut off the lower branches and leaves that easily touch the soil and overly dense branches and leaves.
4.2.2 Fertilization. From mid-April to early June each year, apply urea and compound fertilizer once every about 15 d. Apply about 750 kg/hm2 of urea by broadcasting on the soil surface. Apply about 900 kg/hm2 of compound fertilizer by digging holes and covering with soil, applying about 10 cm away from the plant roots, about 30 g per plant. The fertilization time is the same as in the young tree stage. In early May, spray 500-fold potassium dihydrogen phosphate once as foliar fertilizer, preferably with the leaf surface moist but not dripping.
5 Timely harvesting and fertilization for rejuvenation
5.1 Harvesting
After 5 years of careful management, by the 6th year of planting (when the fresh biomass reaches its maximum and tends to stabilize, reaching more than 300 g per plant per year) when the main trunk becomes dark and the plant height is about 1.5 m, appropriately harvest branches and leaves. From late October to November, the paclitaxel content is the highest (can reach 0.033%), making it the best harvest period, harvesting once a year. With proper management, it can be harvested every year. Except for annual branches used for cuttings, other branches and fresh leaves can all be harvested, and older branches are better among branches and leaves. After harvesting, if not processed fresh, promptly spread them out to dry in the sun or in the shade. Dry for about 15 d, tie dry branches into small bundles per 1 kg, pack them into cartons, and sell on the market.
5.2 Fertilization
After harvesting, apply urea and compound fertilizer once as soon as possible to quickly restore tree vigor. About 90 kg/hm2 of urea can be broadcast, and about 150 kg/hm2 of compound fertilizer can be applied in holes.
6 Suggestions
To promote the healthy and sustainable development of the Taxus media industry, the following suggestions are specifically proposed: First, strengthen leadership, focus on demonstration points, and establish standardized demonstration gardens; second, follow the idea of "suitable land for suitable trees, large-scale development", adjust measures to local conditions, rationally lay out, and plan scientifically; third, increase technical training and promotion efforts, and improve the level of intensive management of enterprises and growers; fourth, increase the transfer of land management rights, build large-scale industrial bases, and implement intensive management; fifth, introduce Taxus media technology development enterprises, and establish a management and operation model of enterprise + base + farmers (cooperatives); sixth, establish specialized cooperatives for Taxus media, forming an association operation mode that links the market in front and bases and farmers behind; seventh, research and develop new products, implement a brand strategy, and strengthen market guarantees.
The above are all the cultivation points for Taxus media. If you are interested in this tree species, you can learn more about it. Want to learn about the planting techniques of other seedling tree species too? Download the Huinong mobile APP now!