Common Pest and Disease Types of Anthurium and Their Prevention and Control Techniques
Recently, the editor noticed that many flower growers have been asking in the backend about how to grow anthuriums. After summarizing, it was found that the most common inquiries were about pest and disease control for anthuriums. Below, the editor brings you prevention and control techniques for common leaf and flower pests and diseases of anthurium, for your reference!
1 Bacterial Leaf Blight
You can choose 90% Xinzhi Meisu (Zhimeisu) 1000x solution or 80% ethylicin 5000x solution or 72% streptomycin sulfate 4000x solution or 10% Kuikuning 1200x solution to spray the leaves. The above agents should be used once every 5-7 days; rotating their use gives better results.
2 Bacterial Rot
Choose Xinzhi Meisu 1000x solution or Miejuncheng 1000x solution or agricultural streptomycin 4000x solution or Tianwei No.3 3500x solution or ningnanmycin 800-1000x solution or zhongshengmycin 1000x solution or thiodiazole-copper 500x solution or oxytetracycline 3000-4000x solution, etc., for control.
3 Fungal Anthracnose
You can use 75% chlorothalonil 800x solution or 70% thiophanate-methyl 1000x solution or 60% Baitai 2500x solution or 25% propiconazole 2000x solution or 50% Shibaogong wettable powder or 50% Shibaike wettable powder 1000x solution, 25% Tanteling wettable powder 500x solution, 60% Tanbiling wettable powder 600x solution, 10% Shigao water-dispersible granules 3000x solution, 25% bromothalonil emulsifiable concentrate 300-500x solution or Shibaoke 2000x solution for control. Any of the above agents should be sprayed about once every 10 days.
4 Fungal Black Spot Disease
You can use 10% Shigao 3000x solution or 70% thiophanate-methyl 1000x solution or 250 g/L Kairun 3000x solution for control.
5 Fungal Gray Mold
Immediately after transplanting tissue-cultured seedlings, spray 60% Fangmeibao No.2 water-soluble powder 700-800x solution. Before and after flowering, you can choose 36% thiophanate-methyl suspension concentrate 500-600x solution, 65% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000-1500x solution, 50% Miemeiling wettable powder 900x solution, 50% iprodione wettable powder 1500x solution, 50% procymidone wettable powder 1500x solution, 65% thiophanate-methyl · diethofencarb wettable powder 1000x solution or 60% Baitai 2500x solution or 10% Shigao 3000x solution or 25% Shibaoke 2000x solution for control.
6 Viral Disease
You can use 1.8% abamectin 2000x solution or 25% acetamiprid 4000x solution or 4% Bolian biological mycotoxin 200x solution for control.
7 Leaf-feeding Pests
These pests mainly include Lepidoptera pests such as noctuid moths and geometer moths. You can choose 20% diflubenzuron suspension concentrate 3000-6000x solution, diafenthiuron or 15% indoxacarb suspension concentrate (Anda) for control.
8 Integrated Prevention and Control Measures for Leaf and Flower Pests and Diseases of Anthurium
In addition to the above chemical control measures for leaf and flower pests and diseases of anthurium, attention should also be paid to integrated prevention and control from the following aspects.
8.1 Strengthen the control of temperature, humidity and light in the greenhouse.
The optimum growth temperature for anthurium is 20°C-28°C; the maximum temperature should not exceed 35°C; and temperatures below 10°C may cause cold damage. The optimum relative air humidity is 75%-80%, and it should not be lower than 50%.
Maintaining relatively high air humidity in the growing environment is the key to successful anthurium cultivation. Temperature and humidity should be controlled throughout the year, and the plants should be kept dry. Year-round cultivation should be carried out under appropriately shaded conditions; appropriate shading is needed in spring, summer and autumn, and in summer especially, more than 70% shading is required.
8.2 Strengthen water and fertilizer management
Pay attention to disinfecting irrigation water as much as possible, and when applying it together with nutrient solution, drip irrigation is best. At the same time, make sure the leaves do not retain water, to reduce the breeding of pathogens. When fertilizing, reduce the amount of ammonium nitrate, as this can reduce the nutrients available for bacterial growth and development. The pH of the growing substrate should be maintained at around 5.5.
8.3 Strict management of the planting area
Implement strict quarantine and prohibit the use of plants or tissues carrying pathogenic microorganisms. Hygiene measures should be strengthened: set up a disinfection pool at the entrance of the planting area, wash hands with disinfectant, strengthen the disinfection management of work tools, and ensure all personnel entering and leaving disinfect their clothes and shoes; at the same time, strengthen personnel management and minimize staff turnover and movement. Diseased and pest-infested plants, tissues and substrate should be promptly detected and removed, placed in sealed plastic bags and taken out of the park for destruction.
8.4 Promote biological control and timely chemical control
Choose bionic formulations such as urea-based and antibiotic pesticides as much as possible, and avoid chemical pesticide control. Anthurium is relatively sensitive to copper-based formulations and some organophosphorus pesticides, so when choosing chemical control, try to avoid chemical pesticides with strong pollution potential and those to which the plant is sensitive.
The above are the prevention and control measures for common pests and diseases of anthurium. Flower grower friends, come and learn! You are welcome to share more experiences and methods and exchange ideas with other flower growers!
What are the common pests of household flowers? Common pest control methods for flowers
Common pests of household flowers include aphids, fungus gnats (sciarid flies), and whiteflies. They not only adversely affect the ornamental value of flowers but also seriously threaten their healthy growth. There are mainly two methods for flower pest control: one is manual capture, mainly for larger pests in small numbers; the other is chemical control, mainly for pests with chewing mouthparts, such as scarab beetles and Lepidoptera larvae.
1. Aphids
Damage characteristics: Aphids are small greenish-yellow insects that often cluster on new shoots or flower buds of Chinese roses, pomegranates, chrysanthemums, etc., sucking sap with their mouthparts, causing tender leaves to curl and shrink. In severe cases, they affect growth and flowering, causing plant leaves to curl and wither, and producing galls and spreading viral diseases.
Control methods: Apply tobacco water (50x solution) or soapy water continuously to the leaves several times; spray with 25% derris extract 800-1000x solution, 40% omethoate 2000x solution, 3% natural pyrethrin 1000x solution, and deltamethrin 2000-3000x solution, etc.
2. Red Spider Mites
Damage characteristics: They mainly harm rhododendrons, Chinese roses, scarlet sage, crabapple, cacti, Chinese juniper, etc. They suck sap with piercing-sucking mouthparts, causing yellow-white small spots on leaves, and even leaf scorching or shedding.
Control methods: Remove weeds from pots and eliminate overwintering eggs; improve ventilation conditions and lower the temperature; for chemical control, use acaricides such as diafenthiuron, abamectin, pyridaben, fenpropathrin, amitraz, dicofol or omethoate 100x solution, sprayed alternately on leaf surfaces at the early stage of red spider mite occurrence.
3. Fungus Gnats (Sciarid Flies)
Flowers harmed: Common during potted flower cultivation or herbaceous flower seedling raising, such as poinsettia, cyclamen and pansy.
Control methods: Use agents such as Huifu, Huijian and abamectin, applied by root drenching, to control fungus gnat larvae.
4. Thrips
They mainly harm anthurium, cyclamen, roses, carnations, lisianthus and many other flowers. Thrips often rasp and suck sap on the underside of tender leaves and in flower organs, causing damaged leaves to curl, turn yellow, become brittle and fall off.
Control methods: Integrated control using physical, chemical and biological methods can be adopted; for chemical control, use agents such as Huijian, lufenuron, Huijian + Kung Fu, abamectin, and spinosad for spray control.
5. Scale Insects
Damage characteristics: The main scale insect species include mealybugs, red wax scales and cottony cushion scales. They mainly cluster and parasitize on young stems and leaves of plants, inserting piercing-sucking mouthparts into plant tissues to suck sap. They are one of the common pests of indoor foliage plants.
Control methods: Manual control: brush off the insects with a brush and then rinse clean with water; chemical control: carry out at the peak hatching period of nymphs before the waxy scale covering has formed on the insect body, choosing isocarbophos 1000x solution, 20% fenvalerate 1500-2000x solution, 40% omethoate 800-1000x solution, etc., for spray control.
6. Whiteflies
Damage characteristics: Whiteflies are widely distributed and harm many flowers. The insects are small and white. The mouthparts of adults and nymphs insert from the underside of leaves to suck sap, causing leaves to turn yellow and wither. At the same time, they excrete honeydew on the leaves, triggering sooty mold.
Control methods: Spray with 2.5% deltamethrin, 20% fenvalerate 1500-2000x solution and pyrethroid pesticides, etc., to control nymphs, adults and eggs. Spray once every 7 days, and 3-4 consecutive sprays are sufficient.
7. Underground Pests Such as Nematodes and White Grubs
Damage characteristics: They mainly bite and feed on plant roots and tender stems underground, causing roots and stems to rot and plants to die.
Control methods: Use steam or chemicals to disinfect the soil; mix food with trichlorfon for trapping and killing; drench plants with 90% trichlorfon 1000x solution; manual capture.
8. Snails
Damage characteristics: Snails mainly harm plant leaves, tender stems and roots, causing incomplete branches and leaves, affecting plant growth and ornamental value, and in severe cases causing plant death.
Control methods: Scatter food mixed with trichlorfon in places where snails are frequently active to trap and kill them; spray around plants with trichlorfon or deltamethrin 1500-2000x solution; apply 8% Miexiaoling granules around the roots on the soil surface to kill snails.
What are the methods for flower pest control?
With the improvement of people's living standards, the building of green households is increasingly favored, and flower cultivation is becoming more and more widespread. However, household flower growing often encounters pests. These pests not only affect the healthy growth of flowers and trees but also impair their ornamental value. How to prevent and control pests and diseases is a question often discussed by friends who love growing flowers.
Generally speaking, the environmental conditions suitable for the growth and survival of household flowers also create conditions for the occurrence and spread of many pests and diseases. The timing of pest and disease occurrence depends first on temperature, while the severity of pest and disease damage depends mainly on humidity in addition to temperature. To prevent and control pests and diseases, the principle of "prevention first" should be mastered, management should be strengthened, and attention should be paid to ventilation, light transmission, watering, fertilizing and other maintenance work. This makes flowers and trees grow robustly and enhances their own ability to resist pests and diseases. Once pest or disease damage is found, measures should be taken early, achieving "early treatment, treatment when small, and complete treatment" to prevent spread. When necessary, use chemical control to inhibit and kill pests and diseases, eliminate the threat, and ensure healthy flower growth.
Common pests of household flowers include: aphids, red spider mites, fungus gnats (sciarid flies), thrips, scale insects and whiteflies; diseases include anthracnose, brown spot disease, soft rot, root rot (black stem disease), and powdery mildew.
Flower pest control methods mainly include two categories: manual capture and chemical control.
1. Manual capture
For larger pests in small numbers, such as scarab beetles, scale insects and Lepidoptera larvae, capture and kill them promptly as soon as they are found.
2. Chemical control
That is, using the toxicity of chemicals to kill pests. According to the different mouthparts of pests, spray different types of chemicals. For pests with chewing mouthparts, such as scarab beetles and Lepidoptera larvae, stomach poisons can be sprayed to kill them. For pests with piercing-sucking mouthparts, such as aphids, scale insects and whiteflies, systemic insecticides can be sprayed to kill them.
For soil pests, such as scarab larvae, white grubs, wireworms and nematodes, contact insecticides can be sprayed into the soil.
Below is a general introduction to the control methods for several of the most common pests:
Common Pests and Harmful Small Animals and Their Control
1. Aphids
Damage characteristics: Aphids are small greenish-yellow insects that harm almost all flowers and trees. Between spring and summer, they often cluster on new shoots or flower buds of Chinese roses, pomegranates, oleanders, chrysanthemums, etc., sucking sap with their mouthparts, causing tender leaves to curl and shrink. In severe cases, they not only affect growth and flowering but also cause plant leaves to curl and wither, and produce galls and spread viral diseases. When aphids suck sap, they excrete a sticky liquid called honeydew that sticks to the leaf surface, attracting ants and easily causing sooty mold. Aphids can produce 20-30 generations a year, and eggs can overwinter.
Flowers harmed: They have a wide host range, mainly harming Chinese roses, pomegranates, oleanders, chrysanthemums, carnations, cyclamen, hibiscus, redbud, poinsettia, cineraria and other flowers.
Control methods: When few occur, they can be squeezed with something and then rinsed clean with water; tobacco water (50x solution) or soapy water can also be applied continuously several times. For chemical control, spray with 25% derris extract 800-1000x solution, 40% omethoate 2000x solution, 3% natural pyrethrin 1000x solution and deltamethrin 2000-3000x solution, etc., all of which can kill aphids well with relatively ideal results.
2. Red Spider Mites
Damage characteristics: Red spider mites are small and red, and are difficult to see with the naked eye. They often cluster on the underside of flower plant leaves, sucking sap with piercing-sucking mouthparts, causing yellow-white small spots on leaves, which then turn grayish-white, and even leaf scorching or shedding. They can produce more than 10 generations a year and often breed in high-temperature, low-humidity environments. Flowers harmed: They are widely distributed and have omnivorous feeding habits. Almost all ornamental plants such as herbaceous and woody plants, cut flowers and potted flowers may be harmed by them. They often harm rhododendrons, Chinese roses, scarlet sage, crabapple, as well as sabina, kumquat, bitter orange, cacti, Chinese juniper, etc., among which rhododendrons and sabina suffer the most severe damage. They usually occur more frequently and reproduce faster in high-temperature, dry environments (such as near sunny indoor windows).
Control methods: Remove weeds from pots and eliminate overwintering eggs. When few occur, remove severely infected leaves and rinse the leaves with water; improve ventilation conditions and lower the temperature; frequently spray more water around the plants to increase air humidity. For chemical control, use acaricides such as diafenthiuron, abamectin, pyridaben, fenpropathrin, amitraz, dicofol or omethoate 100x solution, sprayed alternately on leaf surfaces at the early stage of red spider mite occurrence, once every week, for 2-3 consecutive sprays.
3. Fungus Gnats (Sciarid Flies)
Damage characteristics: The larvae mainly feed on plant-pathogenic saprophytic fungi, and the result of larval feeding is that plant pathogens can infect through the root system. Fungus gnat larvae feeding on flower roots reduces the ability of flower plants to absorb water and nutrients, causing slow and stunted growth. In addition, feeding by fungus gnats can also cause Pythium rot, Phytophthora blight and black root rot in flowers.
Flowers harmed: Common during potted flower cultivation or herbaceous flower seedling raising, such as poinsettia, cyclamen and pansy.
Control methods: Chemical control, using agents such as Huifu (Citation), Huijian and abamectin by root drenching to control fungus gnat larvae.
4. Thrips
Damage characteristics: Thrips are black or brown. Common species include flower thrips, onion thrips, yellow thrips and western flower thrips. The period of severe damage is spring and summer. Thrips often rasp and suck sap on the underside of tender leaves and in flower organs, causing damaged leaves to curl, with yellow rasping spots appearing in the leaf mesophyll. Damaged leaves turn yellow, become brittle and fall off. Sometimes grayish-white or brown spots appear on petals, or discoloration or color change occurs, affecting flowering quality.
Flowers harmed: Anthurium, cyclamen, roses, carnations, lisianthus and many other flowers.
Control methods: Because they can develop resistance to many insecticides, integrated physical, chemical and biological control methods are adopted in production. For chemical control, use agents such as Huijian, lufenuron, Huijian + Kung Fu, abamectin and spinosad, sprayed alternately on leaf surfaces every 5-7 days.
5. Scale Insects
Damage characteristics: There are many species, mainly including mealybugs, red wax scales, cottony cushion scales and brown soft scales. They are one of the common pests of indoor foliage plants, and are especially likely to occur on woody foliage plants and coniferous plants. They mainly cluster and parasitize on young stems and leaves of plants, inserting piercing-sucking mouthparts into plant tissues to suck sap. The wounds are highly susceptible to disease infection and can induce sooty mold. They have strong reproductive capacity and can reproduce for multiple generations a year when environmental conditions are suitable, so they can cause damage year-round in warmer regions.
Control methods: When few occur, manual control is usually used, that is, brushing off the insects with a brush and then rinsing clean with water. Chemical control is best carried out at the peak hatching period of nymphs before the waxy scale covering has formed on the insect body, as this makes it easier to kill the insects and improves control effectiveness. Agents can be isocarbophos 1000x solution, 20% fenvalerate 1500-2000x solution, 40% omethoate 800-1000x solution, etc., sprayed once every week, for 2-3 sprays. If the occurrence is relatively severe, a combination of manual and chemical control methods should be used, that is, first brush off the insects, then spray the above agents, for a more ideal effect.
6. Whiteflies
Damage characteristics: They are widely distributed and harm many flowers. They occur frequently on indoor foliage plants in greenhouses or plastic tunnels, especially in dry environments. The insects are small and white. The mouthparts of adults and nymphs insert from the underside of leaves, sucking sap, causing leaves to turn yellow and wither. Wounds are highly susceptible to brown rot, and in severe cases cause plant death. At the same time, they excrete honeydew on the leaves, triggering sooty mold.
Control methods: Spray with 2.5% deltamethrin, 20% fenvalerate 1500-2000x solution and pyrethroid pesticides, etc., to control nymphs, adults and eggs. Generally spray once a week, and 3-4 consecutive sprays are sufficient.
7. Underground Pests Such as Nematodes and White Grubs
Damage characteristics: These pests mainly bite and feed on plant roots and tender stems underground, or harm root bulbs, causing roots and stems to rot and plants to die.
Control methods: Use steam or chemicals to disinfect the soil to eliminate the sources of nematodes and other pests; mix food with trichlorfon and scatter it beside seedlings or bury it beside seedlings for trapping and killing; drench plants with 90% trichlorfon 1000x solution; manual capture.
8. Snails
Damage characteristics: They are small terrestrial mollusks, mostly living in year-round shady and humid environments. They like shade and humidity and fear dryness and strong light. They often harm the leaves, tender stems and roots of perennial herbaceous foliage plants, causing incomplete branches and leaves, affecting plant growth and ornamental value, or causing plant death.
Control methods: Scatter food mixed with trichlorfon in places where they are frequently active to trap and kill them; spray around plants with trichlorfon or deltamethrin 1500-2000x solution; apply 8% Miexiaoling granules on the soil surface around the roots to kill snails. In addition, pay attention to indoor cleanliness and hygiene, promptly remove dead branches and fallen leaves, and reduce their living space.
Here is an introduction to general methods for preventing and controlling flower pests and diseases:
1. Maintain the environmental hygiene of the flower cultivation area, which can reduce damage.
2. Protect plants, do not break the skin or cause injury, and guard against pathogen invasion.
3. Pre-disinfect the growing medium, which can kill pathogens and pests.
4. Strengthen daily management, keep water and fertilizer appropriate, air circulation smooth, temperature suitable, and light moderate, so that plants grow robustly and the breeding and spread of pests and diseases are controlled.
5. For flowers overwintering outdoors, spray or apply lime sulfur mixture after leaf fall, and spray Bordeaux mixture 1-3 times in early spring and before flower buds sprout to prevent pests and diseases. Damping-off disease: sown seedlings first show a scalded appearance near the soil surface, then soften and fall over and die. Scattering plant ash on the pot soil surface or drenching with amobam solution can sterilize and protect seedlings. Rust disease: on carnations and Rosaceae flowers, orange-red or yellow spots appear on the leaf surface initially, later the leaf underside is covered with yellow powder, and the leaves scorch. Anthracnose: on ornamental fruit flowers, brown spots appear on the fruit skin before fruit decline, gradually expanding, and the fruit hardens after decline; after flowers fade, spray 1-3 times with lime sulfur mixture or carbendazim. Powdery mildew: on Rosaceae and Asteraceae flowers, white powder appears on both sides of the leaves; reduce humidity, spray amobam or carbendazim solution, and spray Bordeaux mixture for prevention. Downy mildew: on herbaceous flowers, initially unclear white spots appear on the leaf surface, later covered with fine white hairs; spray Bordeaux mixture 1-3 times for prevention. Soft rot: on herbaceous flowers, water-soaked spots appear on leaves, petioles and flower stems, then the plant wilts and droops; spray Bordeaux mixture. Brown stripe disease: on orchid flowers, brown sunken spots appear on the leaf surface and the leaves dry and scorch; pay attention to shading and increasing air humidity, and use equal-strength Bordeaux mixture. Black rust disease: on Asteraceae flowers, yellow-green spots appear on the leaf surface early on, rupture and release yellow powder, and finally become black spots; strengthen drainage, provide sufficient sunlight, strengthen ventilation, and spray Bordeaux mixture. Sooty mold: on perennial evergreen flowers, dark brown sooty stains appear on the leaf surface, later gradually expanding to form a black sooty mold layer; spray Bordeaux mixture, or use 5% alcohol to wipe off the sooty stains.
Below is an introduction to several commonly used methods for flower pest and disease control.
1. Tobacco has stomach poison, contact-killing and fumigant effects. Because of its strong penetration, it can paralyze and poison pests' nerves, causing death. To use, soak tobacco leaf stems or leftover cigarette butts (with the filter removed) in 50-60 times their amount of water for a full day and night, filter, and spray to control aphids, cotton red spider mites and newly hatched scale insects.
2. Essential balm: Dilute essential balm 600-800x solution to control aphids, scale insects and moth and butterfly larvae; 400-600x essential balm solution can control cotton red spider mites.
3. Mosquito coils: Hang a lit mosquito coil on the flower plant and cover it with plastic film to fumigate for about 10 minutes, which can kill whitefly-type pests.
4. Soapy water: Take ordinary soapy water, or dissolve leftover soap scraps or thin slices in hot water, add water at a 1:60 ratio, cool, and spray to control aphids and cotton red spider mites. If cigarette butts (with the ash removed) are soaked in the soapy water, besides improving control of aphids and red spider...
Washing powder solution: Take 2 grams of washing powder, add 500 grams of water and stir into a solution, add one drop of clear oil, and spray on pests on the plants. It can kill aphids, scale insects, cotton red spider mites, green nettle caterpillars, white butterflies, whiteflies, etc. Flowers with tuberous roots (such as peonies and dahlias), bulbs (such as lilies and lycoris), and fleshy root systems are susceptible to nematodes; a 1000x diluted washing powder solution can also be poured around the plant roots.
Soap solution: Dissolve soap in hot boiling water at a 1:50 ratio and spray. Because soap can block the respiratory organs of pests and cause death, it is effective against aphids and scale insects. Tobacco solution: Tobacco contains nicotine, which has strong contact-killing effects on aphids, cotton red spider mites, ants, etc., and also has fumigant and stomach poison effects. Take 20 grams of tobacco powder or cut tobacco, add 500 grams of water, soak for 24 hours, then filter. Add 500 grams of 2% soapy water to the filtrate and spray on the leaves with pests; the filtrate can also be sprayed directly on the pot soil and around the bottom of the pot without soapy water to kill soil pests.
Garlic solution for controlling powdery mildew and black spot disease of Chinese roses: Take 30 grams of garlic cloves, mash them, add 500 grams of water, stir well, filter, and spray the filtrate on leaf surfaces once a day for 3-4 consecutive sprays. You can also use a brush or toothbrush to apply the garlic solution directly on the affected area. Crushing garlic and scattering it in the pot soil can also kill earthworms, ants and nematodes.
Scallion solution: Take 50 grams of scallions, mash into a paste, add 50 grams of water, soak for 12 hours, filter, and spray the filtrate multiple times a day for 3-4 consecutive days to control aphids and other soft-bodied pests and powdery mildew.
Fresh ginger solution Take fresh ginger, mash into a paste, add 20 times its amount of water, soak for 12 hours, filter, and spray the filtrate to control leaf spot disease, sooty mold, rot, black spot disease, etc. It can also control aphids, cotton red spider mites and leaf miners.
Sichuan pepper solution: Put 50 grams of Sichuan pepper and 500 grams of water in a pot, heat and boil down to 250 grams of liquid. When using, add 6-7 times its amount of water and spray to control whiteflies, aphids and scale insects.
Citrus peel solution Take 50 grams of citrus peel, add 500 grams of water, soak for 24 hours, filter, and spray the filtrate on leaf surfaces to control aphids, cotton red spider mites and leaf miners, or pour it into the soil to control nematodes. Alternatively, take 1 part citrus seeds and add 5 parts clean water, soak for 4-5 days, then soak flower seeds in this liquid for 10 minutes to control various pests.
Bitter melon leaf solution Mash 100-200 grams of bitter melon leaves with water, add an equal amount of lime, stir evenly, and pour around the roots of plant seedlings to control cutworms.
Tomato leaf solution Mash 50 grams of fresh tomato leaves, add 150 grams of water, soak for 6 hours, filter, and spray the filtrate to control aphids, cotton red spider mites, etc. It can also drive away flies.
Chili solution: Take 50 grams of chili, add 10 times its amount of water, boil for 20 minutes, then filter. Spray the filtrate to control aphids, cotton red spider mites, stink bugs and other pests. Pouring it into the soil can control cutworms.
Castor leaf powder: Dry castor leaves and stems in the sun, grind them into powder, and apply into the soil to control white grubs.
Oleander solution: Chop 50 grams of oleander branches and leaves, add 100 grams of clean water, boil for 20-30 minutes, remove the residue and take the clear liquid to spray for controlling aphids and whiteflies, or pour it into the soil to control nematodes. However, note that oleander is highly toxic, so be careful to prevent accidental ingestion by people and livestock.
Rice vinegar solution: Rice vinegar contains rich organic acids and has a good inhibitory effect on pathogens. Spray a 150-200x diluted rice vinegar solution on leaf surfaces once every 7 days for 3-4 consecutive sprays to control powdery mildew, black spot disease, downy mildew, etc.
Baking soda solution: Take 5 grams of baking soda, also known as sodium bicarbonate, first dissolve it with a small amount of alcohol, then add about 1000 grams of water to make a 0.5% concentration solution, and spray the plants to control powdery mildew.
Mosquito coils: After lighting a mosquito coil, hang it on a plant with pests, cover the plant and pot with a plastic bag for 1 hour, and the pests will be killed. Essential balm: Add water to essential balm at 400-500x to kill aphids. Mothballs: Crush mothballs and place them in the pot soil to control underground pests.
Potassium permanganate, commonly known as gray manganese oxygen, potassium permanganate solution can prevent and control flower and plant powdery mildew. During the period when the disease begins, use a 0.1%-0.2% solution to spray once every 7 days or so, spraying 2-3 times in succession, and the effect can reach more than 92%. Be careful not to touch the potassium permanganate solid directly with your hands.
Common insecticides, common fungicides
Common insecticides 1. Trichlorfon is a highly effective and low-toxicity organophosphorus preparation. It has a strong stomach-poison action on pests and also a contact-killing action. It kills quickly, and its effective period in the field is 4-5 days. Commonly, a 1000-1500 times dilution of the original liquid is sprayed to control pests such as rose sawfly, large bagworm, Atractomorpha sinensis, cotton leaf roller, inchworm, leafhopper, and black cutworm. Trichlorfon must not be mixed with alkaline agents.
2. Dichlorvos is a highly effective and low-toxicity organophosphorus preparation. It has strong contact-killing, fumigant, and stomach-poison actions. It has a broad insecticidal range, acts quickly, has a short effective period, and low residual toxicity. Commonly, a 1000 times dilution of 50% emulsifiable concentrate or a 1500 times dilution of 80% emulsifiable concentrate is sprayed to control pests such as whitefly, spider mite, green plant bug, aphid, scale insect, and pomegranate noctuid. Note that it must not be mixed with alkaline agents. Dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate volatilizes easily, so after taking the pesticide, the bottle cap must be put back tightly. At high concentrations, it is prone to causing phytotoxicity to cherry blossoms and plum blossoms.
3. Omethoate has contact-killing, systemic, and stomach-poison actions. It can control many pests with piercing-sucking and chewing mouthparts. Its acute stomach toxicity to humans and livestock is relatively high. Commonly, a 1000-1500 times dilution of 40% emulsifiable concentrate is sprayed to control pests such as scale insect, aphid, whitefly, cinnabar spider mite, green plant bug, thrips, leafhopper, and citrus leafminer. It must not be mixed with alkaline agents.
4. Dimethoate is a highly effective and low-toxicity broad-spectrum organophosphorus pesticide with contact-killing, systemic, and stomach-poison actions. Generally, a 1000-1500 times dilution of 40% emulsifiable concentrate or a 3000-5000 times dilution of 60% wettable powder is sprayed to control pests such as aphid, cotton red spider mite, leafhopper, leafminer, and whitefly. It can also be used by adding 1 gram of pesticide to 20-40 grams of water and then mixing with 400-500 grams of seed to control underground pests such as mole cricket. Plum blossom and cherry blossom are sensitive to dimethoate and should be used with caution. It must not be mixed with alkaline agents.
5. Malathion has contact-killing, stomach-poison, and fumigant actions. It has high efficacy and a broad insecticidal range. The residual effective period is generally about one week. Its toxicity to humans and livestock is low, making it relatively safe. Commonly, a 1000-2000 times dilution of 50% emulsifiable concentrate is sprayed to control pests such as aphid, cotton red spider mite, leafhopper, thrips, scale insect, and scarab beetle. Malathion has relatively poor stability, and its effective period is not very long. It must not be mixed with alkaline or strongly acidic pesticides.
6. Monocrotophos has a strong contact-killing action and also systemic and stomach-poison actions. It has a broad insecticidal range, and its effective period is about one week. Its toxicity to humans and livestock is relatively high. Commonly, a 2000-4000 times dilution of 50% emulsifiable concentrate is sprayed to control pests such as aphid, cotton red spider mite, leafhopper, thrips, and green plant bug. It must not be mixed with alkaline pesticides.
7. Fenitrothion is a broad-spectrum insecticide with contact-killing and stomach-poison actions, or it kills boring pests. Its efficacy generally lasts 3-4 days. Generally, a 1000-2000 times dilution of 50% emulsifiable concentrate is used to control pests such as aphid, slug moth, leafhopper, fruit borer, scale insect, thrips, and spider mite. It can also be used as a 2% dust for dusting control, generally at 1-3 grams per sq m. It easily causes phytotoxicity to cruciferous plants. It must not be mixed with alkaline pesticides.
8. Deltamethrin has strong contact-killing and stomach-poison actions. Its effective period is long and can reach several months. It has relatively high toxicity to the skin. Commonly, a 3000-8000 times dilution of 2.5% emulsifiable concentrate is sprayed to control slug moths, green moths, cotton leaf roller, black cutworm, thrips, leafhopper, and others.
9. Tetradifon is an acaricide containing organochlorine. It has a strong contact-killing action and has effects against young mites and eggs. It can disrupt the physiological functions of adult mites so that they cannot reproduce. The residual effective period can reach about 1 month. Commonly, an 800-**** times dilution of 20% wettable powder or a 1500-2000 times dilution of 50% wettable powder is sprayed to control mite pests.
10. Dicofol has a very strong contact-killing action and acts quickly. It is effective against mite eggs, larvae, nymphs, and adults. The residual effective period is 10-20 days. Commonly, a 600-1000 times dilution of 20% emulsifiable concentrate or a 1000-1500 times dilution of 40% emulsifiable concentrate is sprayed to control various mites. It must not be mixed with alkaline pesticides.
11. Carbofuran is a broad-spectrum insecticide with low residual toxicity. It has systemic action and a certain contact-killing action. It can control insects with chewing and piercing-sucking mouthparts and nematodes. Commonly, 3%, 5%, and 10z5 granules and 75% wettable powder can control pests such as nematode, scale insect, mite, leafhopper, yellow stem borer, slug moth, aphid, and thrips. It must not be mixed with alkaline pesticides.
12. Rosin mixture is a dark brown liquid made by boiling rosin and caustic soda. It is strongly alkaline and has a contact-killing action. It is often sprayed at an 8-12 times dilution during winter dormancy or at a 10-18 times dilution during the growing season to control pests such as scale insect, whitefly, and cotton red spider mite. It must not be mixed with alkaline-sensitive pesticides or calcium-containing pesticides.
13. Metolcarb has contact-killing, systemic, and fumigant actions. It acts quickly, and its efficacy generally lasts only 2-3 days. Commonly, a 200-400 times dilution of 25% wettable powder or a 1000-1500 times dilution of 20% emulsifiable concentrate is sprayed to control pests such as leafhopper, aphid, whitefly, and scale insect. It must not be mixed with alkaline pesticides.
Common fungicides
1. Bordeaux mixture is a good protective fungicide made from copper sulfate, quicklime, and water. According to the difference in the amounts of copper sulfate and quicklime used, it can be divided into several types, such as the equal formula 11, half formula 10.5, high formula 13, and double formula 12. When preparing, first dissolve copper sulfate and quicklime separately in half of the water, then pour the copper sulfate into the quicklime solution and stir evenly with a stick. The prepared Bordeaux mixture is a sky-blue colloidal suspension, alkaline, with strong adhesion. It can form a thin film on the plant surface, and the effective period can be maintained for about half a month. Bordeaux mixture does not store well and must be prepared and used immediately. It must not be mixed with alkali-sensitive pesticides. It can control various diseases such as black spot, rust, downy mildew, and gray leaf spot.
2. Lime sulfur mixture is also a protective fungicide. It is made by boiling quicklime, sulfur powder, and water in a ratio of 1210. The original liquid is a dark reddish-brown transparent liquid with a rotten egg smell and is alkaline. When preparing, first bring the water in a pot to a boil, add 1 part quicklime, and after the lime dissolves, add 2 parts sulfur powder that has first been mixed into a paste with a small amount of water, stirring while adding. After adding, boil over high heat for about 1 hour. When the liquid turns reddish-brown, stop the fire. After cooling, filter out the sediment, and this is the lime sulfur mixture original liquid. Its Baume degree is generally 20-24. The original liquid must be diluted before use. For spraying during dormancy, Baume 3-5 degrees can be used; during the growing period, only a dilution of Baume 0.3-0.5 degrees can be used. It can control various diseases such as powdery mildew, rust, downy mildew, shot hole disease, and leaf spot, and can also control pests such as whitefly, spider mite, and scale insect.
3. Chlorothalonil has protective and therapeutic effects, a broad fungicidal range, and a long residual effective period. It is irritating to the skin and mucous membranes. Commonly, a 600-1000 times dilution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder is sprayed to prevent