Two High-Efficiency Cultivation Techniques for the Shaggy Mane Mushroom and Cost Analysis
I. The 10,000-yuan courtyard-economy greenhouse model. 1. Greenhouse investment: (1) A bamboo-frame greenhouse 20 m long and 5 m wide, covering 100 sq m, requires 60 bamboo poles 4-5 m long, of which 40 are used as supports, inserted one about every 1 m, with 20 on each side, crossed and tied into an arch, and the other 20 used for horizontal...
I. The 10,000-yuan courtyard-economy greenhouse model
1. Greenhouse investment: (1) A bamboo-frame greenhouse 20 m long and 5 m wide, covering 100 sq m, requires 60 bamboo poles 4-5 m long, of which 40 are used as supports, inserted one about every 1 m, with 20 on each side, crossed and tied into an arch, and the other 20 used for horizontal fixing of the arched frame, tied in 5 rows in total, that is, 1 row at the top of the arch and 2 rows on each side. The 60 bamboo poles weigh about 125 kg, at about 0.5 yuan per kg, totaling 60 yuan. (2) Greenhouse film: 25 m of thick film specially made for greenhouses, 8 m or 9 m wide, 130-150 yuan. (3) Black shade netting 2 m wide, 60 m needed, about 150 yuan. Cut and sew into 6 m wide and 20 m long, used to shade the greenhouse film in summer and autumn; old reed mats or straw curtains can also be used for shading. When it rains, the greenhouse film must be covered to prevent rainwater from intruding, otherwise it will harm the mushrooms. In this way, a mushroom-growing greenhouse for year-round cultivation can be built, with a total investment of about 360 yuan.
2. Raw material investment: A 100 sq m greenhouse, excluding the walkway, has 80 sq m of usable space, requiring 1,250 kg of rice straw, at 0.1 yuan per kg, totaling 125 yuan (wheat straw, cottonseed hulls, sawdust, corncobs and other materials may also be used); 250 kg of wheat bran or rice bran, about 300 yuan (dry manure of cattle, chickens and other livestock and poultry may also be used as a substitute); 63 kg of compound fertilizer, totaling 100 yuan; 75 kg of lime, totaling 50 yuan; about 4 kg of plastic film, totaling 32 yuan; 120 kg of extra-large EC05 shaggy mane mushroom fully virus-free grade-3 cultivation spawn, totaling 360 yuan. Total raw material cost: 125 + 300 + 100 + 50 + 32 + 360 = 967 yuan (if the spawn is made yourself, more than 200 yuan can be saved).
3. Input and output benefit analysis: Based on a minimum mushroom yield of 15 kg per sq m and a retail price of 10 yuan per kg, the gross income of 80 sq m is 12,000 yuan - total investment (360 + 967 yuan) = a net profit of more than 10,000 yuan; if calculated at a wholesale price of 6 yuan/kg, the net income is more than 5,800 yuan. Taking the average of the high income of 10,000 yuan and the low income of 5,800 yuan, the net income is more than 7,900 yuan. Generally, fruiting begins 45-50 days after sowing, and thereafter 1 batch is harvested every 15-20 days, with 5 batches possible, and 4-5 months making 1 production cycle.
II. The plastic bag cooked-substrate cultivation model
1. Advantages: It can make full use of space for mycelial growth, provides good heat and moisture retention, is easy to move, has stable yield, and is highly worth promoting. The growth cycle is short, results are quick, and the fruiting time can be artificially adjusted according to market demand. Fruiting begins after 30 days, and thereafter 1 batch every 15 days, 5 batches in total; 1 production cycle takes only 3 months, and by making use of the biological characteristic of the shaggy mane mushroom that it does not fruit without casing soil, fruiting can be induced by casing soil when there is no product on the market, so as to meet market demand and obtain a good selling price. The method is: after the raw materials are mixed, put them into plastic bags for steam disinfection and sterilization, inoculation, and cultivation, and wait for fruiting. At natural temperature it can be stored for 1 year without spoilage, and can be cased with soil at any time and fruit normally. Its scope of application is wide, and it can be used in courtyards, open fields, indoor ground beds, and box-type three-dimensional cultivation.
2. Budget: (1) In courtyards, open fields, and indoor ground beds, only 1 layer can be cultivated, but indoors it can also be cultivated on shelves like button mushrooms. Fruiting bags are 1 m wide, with unlimited length, and 8 bags are placed per sq m, which can yield 16 kg of mushrooms. The number of fruiting bags to make is determined by the size of the planting area. For example, 50 sq m requires 400 fruiting bags. Required raw materials: rice straw, wheat straw, sawdust, cottonseed hulls, corncobs, spent material from previously cultivated edible fungi, etc.; any 1 or a mixture of several may be used, requiring 450 kg, about 100 yuan; 100 kg of wheat bran, totaling 120 yuan (or 100 kg of dry livestock and poultry manure as a substitute); 5 kg of urea, about 10 yuan; 25 kg of compound fertilizer, totaling 50 yuan; 15 kg of lime, totaling 10 yuan; 400 plastic bags, about 50 yuan; 20 kg of extra-large EC05 shaggy mane mushroom fully virus-free grade-2 mother spawn, totaling 200 yuan; 1 set of space sterilization pack (self-made material cost 30 yuan); 1 set of open-type edible fungus sterile inoculator (self-made material cost 3-5 yuan); plus miscellaneous expenses such as coal or firewood, with a total investment of about 600 yuan. Each sq m with 8 bags can yield 16 kg of mushrooms; calculated at a retail price of 10 yuan/kg, 50 sq m can earn 8,000 yuan - investment 600 yuan = net income 7,400 yuan; calculated at a wholesale price of 6 yuan/kg, the net income is 4,200 yuan; taking the average of the high income and the low income, the net income for 50 sq m is 5,800 yuan. That is, 100 sq m yields a net profit of more than 10,000 yuan. No matter how large the cultivation area, it can be calculated by the above method; please adjust the raw material prices yourselves according to local market conditions.