Methods for making organic fertilizer from spent mushroom substrate of button mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, and similar waste
Haidian District in Beijing has more than 80,000 mu of rice paddies. Aside from a portion of the rice straw that is used, most of it is burned, which both pollutes the environment and wastes resources. In light of this situation, we studied 9 mushroom species and ultimately determined that the straw-decomposing fungus button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) is one of the ways to utilize rice straw. The key cultivation techniques for button mushrooms are as follows. 1. ...
Spent mushroom substrate is rich in organic matter and various mineral elements. According to testing and analysis by the Soil and Fertilizer Institute of the Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences: total nitrogen: 1.95%, total phosphorus: 1.37%, total potassium: 1.75%, organic matter: 62.3%. Spent mushroom substrate contains various trace elements such as calcium, phosphorus, sodium, and copper. Using spent mushroom substrate as organic fertilizer can reduce the application rates of chemical fertilizers and pesticides as well as their residues in agricultural products, while also improving the yield and quality of agricultural products, providing a guarantee for organic grain production. After applying spent mushroom substrate organic fertilizer to soil, it can form humus with good aeration and water-retention capacity, which is of great significance for improving soil and raising soil fertility. In addition, during the growth of mushroom mycelium, certain kinetin-like substances and enzymes are secreted, and these enzymes can break down complex organic matter into nutrients that are easily absorbed by plants. In Japan, a diluted solution of mycelium extract from spent mushroom substrate is used to make a plant hormone, which is sprayed on crops such as cucumbers, tomatoes, eggplants, hyacinth beans, and soybeans, and can promote crop growth and increase yield. For example, when used on soybean crops, it can make soybean stems and leaves robust and enhance disease resistance, increasing growth 2.6-fold. In experiments adding beneficial biological bacteria or suitable microbial preparations to spent mushroom substrate across various vegetable crops, it was found that applying microorganisms plus spent mushroom substrate had the best effect, providing plant nutrient activity, lowering agricultural production costs, and significantly increasing crop yield. In addition, organic nutrient soil formulated with spent mushroom substrate also has wide use in floriculture. Nutrient soil with added spent mushroom substrate fertilizer used to cultivate flowers such as camellias and orchids not only enhances the disease resistance of the flowers but also promotes their quality, can meet the needs of flower growth and development, and is a valuable resource to replace leaf mold.