New technique for cultivating Pleurotus nebrodensis on whole corn plants
Pleurotus nebrodensis tends to produce mushrooms erratically, that is, mushroom primordia do not emerge normally at the two ends of the bag but appear in the middle of the bag, which greatly affects yield. Paying attention to the following four points can effectively prevent erratic mushroom emergence in Pleurotus nebrodensis. First, the bag filling must be standardized. Try to fill the bags evenly and tightly, leaving no gaps, especially when filling bags by hand, where strict control is even more necessary. ...
At present, Pleurotus nebrodensis is mainly cultivated with cottonseed hulls as the main substrate, and developing Pleurotus nebrodensis in non-cotton regions presents certain difficulties. Through experiments, the author found that using whole corn plants to cultivate Pleurotus nebrodensis can achieve a biological efficiency of 80%-90%, comparable to the yield from cottonseed hull cultivation, while reducing costs by about 50%. The key technical points are as follows.1. Spawn production. Stock spawn formula: corn kernels 98%, gypsum 1%, sucrose 1%. Boil the corn kernels in boiling water for 30 minutes, scoop out and drain, mix with gypsum and sugar, fill into bottles, sterilize, inoculate with mother spawn, and set aside after the mycelium fills the bottles. Cultivation spawn formula: corn cob granules 87%, rice bran 10%, gypsum powder 1%, compound fertilizer 1%, lime 1%. First soak the corn cob granules in lime water with a pH of 10-12 for 12 hours, scoop out and filter until no longer dripping, then mix evenly with the other auxiliary materials, and after bottling (bagging), sterilization and inoculation, culture at room temperature for 20-25 days. Spawn that has fully colonized the bottles, is pure white, thick and dense will colonize the substrate quickly after inoculation and give high yields.
2. Making cultivation bags. Formula: crushed corn stalks (0.6-0.8 cm long) 75%, corn kernels 20%, lime 3%, sugar 1%, salt 1%. Sun-dry the corn stalks for 2-3 days, crush and sieve; soak the corn kernels in clean water for 10-12 hours. Mix the formula ingredients, add water and stir evenly, with a material-to-water ratio of 1:1.2-1.4, pile into a heap 1.2-1.5 m wide, 1-1.2 m high and of unlimited length, cover with plastic film and ferment for 7 days. During this period, turn the pile 2-3 times and adjust the moisture content to 60%, then it can be bagged.
3. Sterilization and culture. For sterilization, use a diesel drum for steam sterilization on site, starting with a high fire for 3-4 hours to bring the temperature inside the bags to 100°C, and maintain for 16 hours. When the material temperature drops to 30°C, inoculate on site. Inoculate 40 g (wet weight) of cultivation spawn into each bag, culture in the dark, close doors and windows, and keep the indoor temperature at 25°C. The mycelium can fully colonize the bags in 35-40 days; continue culturing for 40 days to bring the mycelium to physiological maturity. During the post-maturation period, moderate light stimulation is needed to promote mycelial knotting.
4. Mushroom emergence management. The well-cultured bags are used for mushroom emergence in batches. If for fresh sales, use the method of removing the bags and vertical soil-covering cultivation; if purchased by mushroom processing enterprises, which require the mushroom bodies to be as large as possible, the trapezoidal wall-type soil-covering cultivation method can be used, with the temperature controlled at 8°C-20°C. At night, remove the plastic film and straw curtains to provide low-temperature stimulation, and during the day use scattered light stimulation to promote primordium formation. When the primordia in the bag reach the size of a soybean, open the mouth; at the size of a broad bean, widen the opening; at the size of a ping-pong ball, roll back the opening, keep the temperature at 12°C-20°C and the relative air humidity at 85%-90%, and open doors and windows each morning and afternoon for 30 minutes of ventilation to keep the air in the shed fresh.
5. Harvesting and processing. Pleurotus nebrodensis takes about 12 days from primordium formation to harvest. Before harvesting, stop watering for 1 day to lower the humidity in the shed and improve mushroom quality. After harvesting, stop watering for 5 days, clean the bag mouths, and follow routine management; 2 flushes of mushrooms can be harvested.