Detailed Explanation of New High-Efficiency Cultivation Techniques for Enoki Mushroom
In traditional enoki mushroom cultivation, although three flushes of mushrooms can be harvested, the biological conversion rate can only reach a maximum of 100%, the growth period is as long as about 95 days, and only three cultivation cycles can be completed in one year. In addition, the third flush has short and thick stipes and tends to open its caps, resulting in extremely poor commercial quality and affecting economic returns. The one-time harvest cultivation method researched by our center, ...
Although the enoki mushroom cultivation method commonly used at present can harvest 3 flushes of mushrooms in one year, each growth period is as long as 95 days, only 3 cultivation cycles can be completed in one year, and the third flush has short and thick stipes and easily opens its caps, resulting in poor commercial quality. In contrast, the new cultivation technique of preparing a one-time substrate according to the growth characteristics of enoki mushroom achieves a biological conversion rate as high as 193%, shortens the cultivation cycle by 40 days, and also increases the number of enoki mushroom fruiting bodies and the height of the stipes, raising economic returns by about 80%.The technical key points are as follows:
1. Self-made substrate. Take 84% cottonseed hulls, 14% wheat bran, 1% gypsum, 0.2% monopotassium phosphate, 0.25% magnesium sulfate, and 0.55% carbendazim, mix evenly, then add water at a material-to-water ratio of 1:1.3 and mix well to obtain the substrate.
2. Filling and sterilization. Put the substrate into wide-mouth bottles (bags). When filling, be sure to achieve moderate tightness so as to effectively avoid the phenomenon of mushrooms fruiting all around the bottle (bag) later. After filling, seal the mouth of the bottle (bag) tightly, place it in a conventional pot for sterilization, and steam it at a high temperature of 100°C for 8-10 hours.
3. Cultivation at suitable temperature. After it has completely cooled, under the flame of an alcohol lamp in an inoculation room or inoculation box, use an inoculation spatula to dig out the spawn blocks from the spawn bottle and transfer them into the cultivation bottle (bag), then place them in a culture room for mycelial culture. The temperature of the culture room must be controlled at 22-26°C. It is strictly forbidden to prolong the culture period at low temperature, so as to avoid fruiting before the mycelium has fully colonized, which would affect yield and quality.
4. Careful management. After the mycelium has fully colonized, it should be moved into the mushroom house in time, and the bottle (bag) should be opened for scratching to stimulate fruiting. After the primordia form, regeneration management should be carried out well to promote greater density of mushroom buds, then bag them or cover them with newspaper so that a microclimate with high carbon dioxide concentration forms inside the bottle (bag), which is beneficial to the growth of enoki mushroom. When the mushrooms grow to 4-5 cm high, special attention should be paid to water management. The humidity of the cultivation site should be maintained at 80%-90%, the temperature should be maintained at 8-14°C, and straw curtains or black plastic sheeting should be used to shade the cultivation site. The light intensity should be such that normal vision can vaguely make out No. 5 Chinese characters. When the mushrooms grow to 15-20 cm high, they can be harvested.