"Five Measures" for Effectively Controlling Black Head Disease in Enoki Mushrooms
Black head disease, also known as bacterial brown blotch disease, is caused by a Pseudomonas bacterium belonging to the phylum Schizomycophyta and the class Schizomycetes. The pathogen is rod-shaped, forms white colonies, and shows a negative reaction to Gram staining. 1. Conditions for occurrence: The internal cause of this disease is the variety's lack of disease resistance, while the external causes are high temperature, high humidity, or spraying unclean...
Black head disease, also known as bacterial brown blotch disease, is caused by a Pseudomonas bacterium belonging to the phylum Schizomycophyta and the class Schizomycetes. The pathogen is rod-shaped, forms white colonies, and shows a negative reaction to Gram staining.
1. Conditions for occurrence
The internal cause of this disease is the variety's lack of disease resistance, while the external causes are high temperature, high humidity, or spraying unclean water that carries the bacteria onto the fruiting bodies. For example, water droplets remaining on the cap surface for a long time or excessive humidity greatly favor the occurrence of this disease. Poor ventilation can aggravate the development of the disease, and moderate temperatures are suitable for its onset.
2. Control measures
1. Keep the mushroom yard clean and sanitary, and promptly remove diseased mushrooms and waste material; mushroom houses, bed frames, tools, and so on must be thoroughly disinfected before use with a 1:50 dilution of Jinxing disinfectant or 2% bleaching powder, especially mushroom sheds where the disease previously occurred severely.
2. When mixing the substrate, dilute Youmeijing with water at a ratio of 1:1000 and mix it into the substrate. Do not use highly toxic or high-residue anti-contamination agents and the like, so as to ensure production results.
3. When cultivating enoki mushrooms, the substrate should be thoroughly sterilized; when cultivating button mushrooms and oyster mushrooms, the substrate should be fully fermented, evenly decomposed, and the casing soil material can be disinfected by fumigation with formaldehyde.
4. During the fruiting period of enoki mushrooms, control the temperature of the fruiting room below 15°C, avoid fruiting during high-temperature and high-humidity seasons, and strengthen ventilation and heat dissipation during high temperatures. During the fruiting period of oyster mushrooms, the temperature should not exceed 18°C. If the temperature rises suddenly, cooling measures should be taken, such as opening windows, uncovering films, and shading, but note that the temperature fluctuations in the mushroom house should not be too great, to prevent water vapor condensation and the formation of a water film.
5. Diseased mushrooms should be removed promptly once found, and the ventilation volume should be increased immediately, spraying should be paused or reduced, the temperature should be lowered quickly, and medication should be used to control the disease. For example, a clear 5% lime water solution can be sprayed onto the substrate surface, or a streptomycin solution of 100-200 units per milliliter or 300 units of oxytetracycline, or a 500-1000 times dilution of bleaching powder solution can be sprayed, once every 2 days. Stop watering the mushroom bed for 1 day before and after application, apply the medication again after an interval of 3-4 days, and use it continuously more than 3 times, which can effectively control the spread of the disease. When the disease is severe, the diseased mushrooms should first be removed, and after clearing the substrate surface or casing soil, the medication should be sprayed according to the above method.