Eight Key Points for the Prevention and Control of Diseases and Pests in Button Mushrooms
With the rapid development of mushroom production, finding ways to improve economic returns and reduce costs is the direction that growers and related technical personnel are striving toward. North China has large amounts of corn straw, and using it instead of rice straw to cultivate mushrooms can greatly reduce costs. The relevant techniques are introduced as follows: 1. Mushroom compost formula...
By strengthening the comprehensive management of button mushroom cultivation, creating an environment favorable for button mushroom growth but unfavorable for the reproduction of diseases and pests is the key to growing organic button mushrooms. 1. Do a good job of environmental sanitation. Spawn production and operating personnel must establish a normal clean sanitation management system, continuously remove contaminants and disinfect them with chemicals. The mushroom house, tools and all equipment indoors must be cleaned and disinfected frequently. When entering the mushroom house, pay attention to the cleanliness of shoe soles and clothing, and it is best to change them promptly.2. Selection of disinfection methods. Give priority to physical disinfection methods such as high-pressure steam sterilization, normal-pressure intermittent sterilization, pasteurization and ultraviolet lamp sterilization. For chemical disinfection, give priority to alkaline and phenolic agents, and avoid disinfectants such as heavy metal salts.
3. Handle raw materials properly. Button mushroom compost must avoid moisture damage, mold or pest breeding. For piles of sawdust, wheat straw, cow and horse manure, etc., plastic film or felt should be placed underneath to prevent moisture, and the top should be well covered to prevent rain or debris from falling in. Chicken manure, cow and horse manure, rice bran, wheat bran, cake feed, etc. are prone to mold and should be stored sealed. The compost must undergo high-temperature disinfection or fermentation and decomposition, and secondary fermentation must be consistently carried out. Casing soil material must be disinfected with steam or formalin.
4. Adjust water quantity and pH. Water should be appropriate, pH should be suitable, and both should be tested and adjusted at any time. The mushroom house should maintain good ventilation at all times, and the relative air humidity should not exceed 95%.
5. Store the culture medium properly. Bottles of substrate taken out of the pot or sterilized culture medium should be protected to prevent secondary contamination. They should be covered with gauze or film. When placed in a box for fumigation, they should also be wiped with medicinal solutions such as benzalkonium bromide to prevent dust contamination.
6. Strictly follow operating procedures. Inoculation work is highly technical and must be done patiently and carefully; be sure to avoid touching, rubbing or carrying contamination. For all tools and containers, those that can be washed should be washed clean, those that can be fumigated should be fumigated, those that can be wiped with alcohol should be wiped with alcohol, and those that can be burned with an alcohol lamp flame should be burned with the flame.
7. Use artificial physical methods to prevent and control diseases and pests. For example, use black light lamps to trap and kill mosquitoes and flies, fully ferment the compost to kill nematodes and gall midges, remove rotted parts, and disinfect with lime water. Improve the environment and adjust temperature (for example, lowering the temperature can prevent the fungus Diehliomyces microsporus), humidity (for example, lowering humidity can prevent Neurospora) and pH (for example, lowering the pH can prevent white mold, etc.).
8. Strictly prohibit the use of highly toxic pesticides. Do not use organic mercury preparations or organophosphorus preparations, or pesticides with long residual periods that are not easily decomposed. Give priority to botanical insecticides, such as pyrethrum, derris, tobacco extract, and microbial insecticides (such as Bacillus thuringiensis and Beauveria bassiana), etc.