Detailed Explanation of Key Points for Button Mushroom Greenhouse Cultivation Techniques
1. Greenhouse specifications: 20 m long, 12 m wide, covering an area of 1.2 mu (including mixing yard, living quarters, roads, etc.), with 8 bamboo racks of 8 layers each inside, and a planting area of 1000 sq m. 2. Compost formula (for 1000 sq m): rice straw 22500 kg, cow manure 3000 kg, rapeseed cake 1000 kg, compound fertilizer 400 kg, urea 1...
I. Greenhouse specifications: 20 m long, 12 m wide, covering an area of 1.2 mu (including mixing yard, living quarters, roads, etc.), with 8 bamboo racks of 8 layers each inside, and a planting area of 1000 sq m.
II. Compost formula (for 1000 sq m): rice straw 22500 kg, cow manure 3000 kg, rapeseed cake 1000 kg, compound fertilizer 400 kg, urea 100 kg, ammonium bicarbonate 150 kg, superphosphate 500 kg, gypsum 500 kg, lime 250 kg, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio 31.8:1.
III. Planting time: from August to April of the following year.
IV. Spawn: AS2796, 1.2 bottles per sq m (500 ml).
V. Fermentation: 1. First fermentation. ① Two days in advance, weigh the cake, dry cow manure, urea, gypsum powder and superphosphate in proportion, mix well, pre-wet and pile up, cover with plastic film and set aside; ② Shake the rice straw loose and pre-wet for 24 hours; ③ Build the pile: one layer of rice straw (5-6 cun) and one layer of manure (spread full), 9 layers in total, water appropriately with each layer built, until a small amount of water flows out from the bottom; ④ Turning: turn the pile for the first time 5-6 days after building, adding ammonium bicarbonate, then turn once every 4 days, 3 times in total. Add lime at the second and third turnings, about 15 days, with the compost temperature stable at 50-60 degrees C, then after 2 days move the compost into the mushroom greenhouse while still hot. 2. Second fermentation. Do not place compost on the top layer and the bottom two layers. Place 7-8 coal stoves in each greenhouse, close the greenhouse tightly, raise the temperature to 60 degrees C and maintain for 8 hours; reduce the stove fire, control the temperature at 48-52 degrees C and maintain for 4 days; during the temperature control stage, open the four corners for ventilation for 10-20 minutes each day.
VI. Disinfection. Before planting, thoroughly disinfect the inside and outside of the mushroom greenhouse, the bed racks, etc. once with lime water and dichlorvos, clear debris from the ground, and spread a layer of lime.
VII. Sowing. After fermentation, sow when the compost has no ammonia smell. First, spray the mushroom greenhouse with a 0.1% solution of prochloraz and 40% dichlorvos at 1000 times dilution; second, ventilate and cool down, open the ventilation holes and doors, and control the temperature below 28 degrees C; third, spread the compost evenly; fourth, adjust the moisture to 60%, break the spawn into small pieces, and sow evenly by broadcasting. Close the mushroom greenhouse 3 days after sowing to keep warm and moist; from the 5th day until casing soil is applied, focus on temperature control, keeping the temperature at around 25 degrees C, and apply casing soil when the mycelium has grown through the compost layer. Casing soil material. Pond mud 24 tonnes, add 6000 jin of rice husks (volume ratio 1:1), mix the pond mud with prochloraz and lime thoroughly, pre-wet the rice husks and spray with dichlorvos plus lime, seal with plastic film for 2 days, mix the mud and rice husks evenly before casing, moisture 20-22%, evenly apply mud to a thickness of 3.5 cm. When the mud dries and the mycelium grows out through cracks in the mud, add a 1 cm cover of treated small-particle loess.
VIII. Fruiting management. About 15-18 days from casing to fruiting, keep the greenhouse temperature at 20-25 degrees C, keep the air humidity at around 80%, and spray water on the casing layer to maintain moisture. When the temperature drops below 18 degrees C, spray mushroom-setting water, requiring a light and even spray of 3 jin of water per sq m. When the mushroom buds are the size of soybeans, spray fruiting water, lightly, with the nozzle angled upward at 45 degrees. When they reach the size of grapes, increase the amount of water sprayed, keep the air humidity at 85-90%, and ventilate while spraying.
IX. Harvesting. Harvest when the mushrooms have grown large and the caps have not yet opened.