How should the mycelial growth stage of shiitake mushrooms be managed?
This describes the construction method for a three-row pillar outdoor mushroom-cultivation greenhouse that holds 10,000-13,000 shiitake mushroom bags, with moderate investment and a high adoption rate. 1. Site selection: The site should be flat, with a low groundwater table, convenient transportation, and close to a water source. 2. Material preparation: The main materials used to build an outdoor mushroom-cultivation greenhouse are wooden stakes, bamboo poles...
The suitable conditions for shiitake mycelial growth are a temperature of 22°C-26°C, air humidity of 60%-65%, good ventilation, and darkness or weak light. From 1-6 days after inoculation, this is the period of mycelial germination and colonization. Because the mycelium grows weakly, the bag temperature is 1°C-3°C lower than the room temperature. To provide suitable temperature for the mycelium, adjust the room temperature to 28°C-29°C. Measure the room temperature, pile temperature, and bag temperature every day, with bag temperature as the main basis for adjusting room temperature and pile temperature. At this time, the mushroom bags should not be moved, to prevent contamination by foreign microorganisms. Do not ventilate, or ventilate only a little, within 3 days.From 7-10 days after inoculation, the mycelium spreads into the substrate, and the bag temperature gradually rises; control the room temperature at 25°C-27°C. After 7 days, begin turning the piles, and thereafter turn the piles once every 7-10 days. When turning the piles, check each bag for mycelial growth and contamination by foreign microorganisms. If bags with missed inoculation or inoculation holes with no mycelial growth are found, gather them in another place, dig out the mold spots, and smear the affected areas with 5%-10% limewater. Ventilate the culture room 1-2 times per day, about 30 minutes each time. From 11-20 days after inoculation, the mycelium enters a vigorous growth period, various metabolic activities accelerate, and the bag temperature is 1°C-5°C higher than the room temperature, so special attention must be paid to cooling and ventilation. Control the room temperature at 20°C-24°C, and ventilate for 1-2 hours per day.
At 20 days after inoculation, because the mycelium has grown extensively, the oxygen inside the bag can no longer meet the requirements for mycelial growth, and oxygen deficiency becomes a limiting factor for mycelial growth, so the adhesive tape over the inoculation holes should be removed in good time, or holes should be made to increase oxygen. The first hole-piercing is done when the mycelial ring is 8-10 cm in diameter. Use a sterilized toothpick to pierce 6-10 holes along the front edge of the mycelial ring; the holes must not be deep enough to touch the substrate layer. When the mycelium between the inoculation holes connects, use a sterilized sweater needle to perform a second round of hole-piercing for oxygen enrichment. When the mycelium has fully colonized the bag, use sterilized chopsticks to pierce holes all over the mushroom bag. The number and depth of the holes depend on the temperature and mycelial growth. When the temperature is high, pierce more holes and deeper holes; otherwise, pierce fewer holes and shallower holes. After removing the tape or piercing holes, the mycelium grows faster, and the bag temperature rises abruptly. At this time, increase ventilation and spread out the mushroom bags to prevent pile burning. After 30-50 days, the mycelium fills the bag, and management for color change of the mushroom logs and physiological maturation can begin. Log color change is a special physiological process in shiitake mycelial development, and it is also a sign that the mycelium has matured. Suitable conditions for log color change: a temperature of 18°C-24°C, air humidity in the microclimate around the logs of 80%-85%, a certain amount of scattered light, and good ventilation conditions. After the mycelium has fully colonized the bags, the shading materials should be removed to increase indoor light. Strictly control the room temperature at 20°C-24°C, avoid too great a temperature difference, and move the mushroom bags as little as possible. If large bags are used for cultivation, the time for log color change and physiological maturation is 25-30 days; if small bags are used for cultivation, the color-change time is 10-15 days. During this process, the mycelium gradually lies down and secretes brown pigment, causing the logs to change from white to brownish red. If the conditions for color change are suitable, the logs change color evenly, the mycelial film is uniform in thickness, and fruiting is neat, so the yield is high and the quality is good. If the color change is too light or uneven, the fruiting quality is poor and there are many deformed mushrooms. If the color change is too heavy and the mycelial film is too thick, fruiting is slow and the yield is low.