A detailed guide to bamboo fungus (Dictyophora indusiata) cultivation techniques, teaching you how to grow bamboo fungus well
Bamboo fungus cultivation can be carried out by referring to the following methods: 1. Field spawn production. As long as growers purchase bamboo fungus raw materials, they can make their own cultivation spawn at the field edge. From late December to early January, choose a corner of the field and prepare a compost bed for breeding. Use 80% mixed wood sawdust and 20% wheat bran as the culture medium for bamboo fungus spawn, add 110% water, then put it into woven bags, sterilize under normal pressure for 10 hours, take it out and flush water into the bags with clean water to let it drain, then mix in 1% gypsum powder, pile it onto the breeding bed, adopt the method of 2 layers of material and one layer of spawn sowing, and sprinkle some spawn on the surface of the last layer of material. For each sq m of bed, use 20 kg of dry material and 3-4 bottles of bamboo fungus stock spawn. To cultivate 100 sq m of area, only 4 sq m of field spawn production is needed, equal to 25:1. After sowing, cover the surface with woven bags, shade with rice straw, and finally cover with film supported by bamboo strips arched over. After sowing, uncover the film for ventilation once every 3-5 days. After 40-50 days of cultivation, when the mycelium covers the material pile, it becomes field bamboo fungus spawn.
Bamboo fungus cultivation can be carried out by referring to the following methods:
1. Field spawn production. As long as growers purchase bamboo fungus raw materials, they can make their own cultivation spawn at the field edge. From late December to early January, choose a corner of the field and prepare a compost bed for breeding. Use 80% mixed wood sawdust and 20% wheat bran as the culture medium for bamboo fungus spawn, add 110% water, then put it into woven bags, sterilize under normal pressure for 10 hours, take it out and flush water into the bags with clean water to let it drain, then mix in 1% gypsum powder, pile it onto the breeding bed, adopt the method of 2 layers of material and one layer of spawn sowing, and sprinkle some spawn on the surface of the last layer of material. For each sq m of bed, use 20 kg of dry material and 3-4 bottles of bamboo fungus stock spawn. To cultivate 100 sq m of area, only 4 sq m of field spawn production is needed, equal to 25:1. After sowing, cover the surface with woven bags, shade with rice straw, and finally cover with film supported by bamboo strips arched over. After sowing, uncover the film for ventilation once every 3-5 days. After 40-50 days of cultivation, when the mycelium covers the material pile, it becomes field bamboo fungus spawn.
2. Selection of cultivation raw materials. The raw materials currently used for bamboo fungus cultivation are divided into four major categories. First, bamboo: the culms, branches, leaves, bamboo rhizome bases, and bamboo roots of various bamboos; second, trees: mixed wood chips, branches, leaves, and scraps from factory offcuts; third, straw materials: bean stalks, jute stalks, rice husks, rapeseed stalks, corn cobs, cotton stalks, cottonseed hulls, sorghum stalks, sunflower stalks, shells, etc.; fourth, wild grasses: reed, Themeda japonica, Dicranopteris pedata, Miscanthus floridulus, etc. The above raw materials should be sun-dried for later use.
3. Production season arrangement. Bamboo fungus cultivation is generally divided into spring and autumn seasons. Spring sowing is preferable. Temperatures differ between northern and southern China, so two points should be grasped: first, the temperature at sowing time should not exceed 28°C, which is suitable for mycelial growth and development; second, during the 2-3 months after sowing when the mushroom buds develop, the temperature should not be lower than 10°C, so that the mushroom buds can healthily develop into fruiting bodies. In the southern provinces, when bamboo fungus is intercropped with crops, sowing is usually in spring; material spreading and sowing begin at "Jingzhe," and intercropping of crops begins at "Qingming"; in the north, this is appropriately delayed. After sowing, 60-70 days are spent cultivating the fungus, fruiting begins from May to September in summer, and ends in October. The production cycle is about 7 months.
4. Site and bed preparation. Use the open spaces in orchards of apple, citrus, grape, peach, pear, etc., as well as open spaces among trees on mountain sites, to intercrop bamboo fungus. Flat land or gentle slopes are required, close to a water source, with humus-containing sandy loam soil. Clean up residual matter or weeds at the site 7-10 days before sowing, turn the soil and sun-bleach it. Bordeaux mixture can be sprayed on fruit trees to kill pests and diseases. Generally, fruit trees are spaced 3 m x 3 m, and the open space between them is used as the bed for bamboo fungus cultivation. The bed width is 60-80 cm, the walkway spacing is 30 cm, and the soil clods should not be too fine when preparing the land, so as to facilitate aeration. Leave 40-50 cm beside the fruit trees as a working path.
5. Sowing, covering with soil, and fungus cultivation. Before sowing, soak the culture material in water and control the moisture content at 60%-70% for later use. For sowing, adopt one layer of material and one layer of spawn; the spawn may be spot-sown or broadcast. For each sq m of bed, spread 10 kg of culture material and 5 bottles of spawn, doing one side of material and one side of sowing, then cover the bed with plastic film. Within 15-20 days after sowing, generally no watering is needed; it is best to uncover the film for ventilation for 30 minutes each day, and increase ventilation frequency later. In spring there is more rain, so dig drainage ditches; the ditches should be 30 cm deeper than the bed; the suitable temperature for mycelial growth is 23-26°C. After sowing, cover the bed surface with a 3 cm thick layer of humus soil; the moisture content of the humus soil is preferably 18%. After covering with soil, cut bamboo leaves or reeds into small sections, spread them over the surface, and cover the bed with film to prevent rain from soaking it. If the crop intercropping method is adopted, the intercrop varieties include soybean, cowpea, sorghum, corn, chili pepper, cucumber, sunflower and other tall-stemmed or vine crops. When 15-20 days have passed after bamboo fungus sowing and soil covering, crop seeds can be sown in holes dug beside the bed, intercropping one plant at intervals of 50-60 cm.
6. Scientific management of fruiting. After sowing, under normal temperature, cultivate for 25-33 days; when the mycelium climbs onto the material surface, the film covering the bed can be removed. After the mycelium continuously proliferates through cultivation and absorbs a large amount of nutrients, it forms rhizomorphs and climbs onto the material surface, transitioning from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. Mushroom buds soon appear and break through the ball to form a stalk and then a fruiting body. At this time, the branches and leaves of forest fruit trees and intercropped crops are in a lush period, playing a shading role. During the fruiting period, the moisture content in the culture material is preferably 60%, the moisture content of the covering soil should not be less than 20%, and the relative air humidity is best at 85%. During the mushroom bud growth period, except in rainy weather, spray water once in the morning and once in the evening each day to maintain relative humidity of not less than 9%. The mushroom buds swell and gradually show raised tops, then within a short time break through the ball, quickly extend the stalk and spread the skirt to form a fruiting body. Bamboo fungus cultivation places great emphasis on watering, with the specific requirement of "four looks": first, look at the covering material. When bamboo leaves or stalks and grass become dry, water is needed. Second, look at the covering soil. If the covering soil turns white, spray more and spray frequently. Third, look at the mushroom buds. If the buds are small, spray lightly and in mist form; if the buds are large, spray more and spray heavily. Fourth, look at the weather. On sunny and dry days with high evaporation, spray more; on rainy days, do not spray. Only in this way can buds grow well, mushrooms emerge well, and the cap shape be beautiful.
7. Harvesting, processing, and packaging. After sowing, bamboo fungus can produce 4-5 flushes of mushrooms. The fruiting bodies mature before 12 noon each day; when the skirt has spread to 4-5 cm from the lower end of the stalk, it should be picked. After picking, send them promptly to a factory for dehydration and drying. Dried products have a very strong tendency to absorb moisture, so they can be packaged in double-layer plastic bags and the bag openings tied firmly. For export as commodities and retail in the domestic market, small plastic bags should be used, with different specifications of 25 grams, 50 grams, 100 grams, and 300 grams per bag, and double-corrugated kraft paper boxes used for outer packaging.
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