Detailed Guide to Pleurotus pulmonarius Cultivation Methods and Techniques
How do you cultivate Pleurotus pulmonarius? Please introduce the cultivation method. Pleurotus pulmonarius cultivation can be carried out with reference to the following methods: 1. Cultivation season for Pleurotus pulmonarius: Pleurotus pulmonarius is a medium-to-high-temperature edible fungus; generally, the local air temperature during the spawn-running stage of the bags should not exceed 28°C, and when entering the fruiting stage the local air temperature should not be lower than 12°C. 2. ...
How do you cultivate Pleurotus pulmonarius? Please introduce the cultivation methodPleurotus pulmonarius cultivation can be carried out with reference to the following methods:
1. Cultivation season for Pleurotus pulmonarius:Pleurotus pulmonarius is a medium-to-high-temperature edible fungus; generally, the local air temperature during the spawn-running stage of the bags should not exceed 28°C, and when entering the fruiting stage the local air temperature should not be lower than 12°C.
2. Preparation of Pleurotus pulmonarius culture medium:Pleurotus pulmonarius has broad adaptability, strong stress resistance, and a wide range of raw material sources, but rain-soaked, moldy, and fermented raw materials must not be used. According to the biological characteristics of Pleurotus pulmonarius, the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of the culture medium should be kept at 20-30:1, the moisture content at 60-65%, and the pH value between 6 and 6.5. Commonly used culture medium formulas include:
Formula (1): crushed corncobs 50%, soybean straw 28%, wheat bran 17%, calcium carbonate 2%, gypsum powder 2%, sucrose 1%
Formula (2): cottonseed hulls 40%, sugarcane bagasse 40%, wheat bran 18%, light calcium carbonate 2%
Formula (3): cottonseed hulls 30%, wheat bran 10%, direct-output bran 20%, mixed hardwood sawdust 38%, light calcium carbonate 2%.
When preparing, weigh according to the proportions of the selected formula, mix evenly, then add water according to a 65% moisture content and turn and mix evenly.
3. Bagging and sterilization of Pleurotus pulmonarius:Sterilization of the bagged material can cause physical changes in the lignin and cellulose structure of the culture medium, which is beneficial for the mycelium to decompose, absorb, and utilize, and can shorten the flush transition period. Use polypropylene plastic bags with specifications of 17 cm × 38 cm × 0.05 cm for filling, with each bag filled with 1.1-1.15 kg of wet material (using about 0.5 kg of dry material), bagging should be moderately tight, and the bag opening should use a plastic collar and cotton plug. Bag on the same day, sterilize on the same day; sterilization must be thorough. Atmospheric-pressure sterilization requires maintaining a steam temperature of 100°C for 12-14 hours; high-pressure sterilization requires a steam temperature of 125°C, maintaining it under a pressure of 196,000 Pa for 1.5 hours, then venting and returning to zero, after which the pot is opened, the bags are taken out, and cooled.
4. Inoculation and mycelial growth of Pleurotus pulmonarius:When the material temperature inside the bag drops to 28°C, move the culture bags into the inoculation room (box) and inoculate according to aseptic operating procedures. During inoculation, pull out the cotton plug, insert the spawn, then reinsert the bag opening plug.
After inoculation, move the bags into the cultivation room for mycelial growth. For the first 3 days, control the temperature in the cultivation room at 24-26°C. From the 4th day onward, because the metabolism of the mycelium in the bags accelerates and causes the temperature inside the bags to rise, the temperature of the cultivation room should be adjusted to 22-23°C. During the mycelial development stage, light irradiation is not needed, the indoor air should remain circulating, and the indoor humidity should preferably be controlled at 60-70%. Generally, about 35 days after inoculation, the mycelium fills the bag.
5. Fruiting management of Pleurotus pulmonarius:The mushroom house should be selected in a place with good ventilation and a clean environment. Before fruiting, the mushroom house should be pretreated, that is, spraying the walls, bed frames, and floor with copper sulfate and lime water to do a good job of sterilizing the mushroom house, and carrying out pre-moistening treatment of the mushroom house before fruiting by spraying water on the walls and passages of the mushroom house, so that the relative humidity inside the mushroom house reaches 85-90%.
Then move into the mushroom house the bags whose mycelium has already filled the bag, with white, uniform, and robust mycelium, which have reached physiological maturity and have no contamination by foreign microorganisms, place them on shelves or stack them in flat rows, and cut away the plastic bag at one end of the bag along the neck ring, then cover with film during the day and uncover the film at midnight, artificially creating a temperature difference stimulus of 8-12°C to promote primordium differentiation. During the fruiting stage, the mushroom house should be frequently and finely sprayed with water to stimulate mushroom formation (watering the floor and misting the air are acceptable, but avoid spraying water toward the bag openings), maintaining the spatial relative humidity of the mushroom house at 85-95%. Too dry (below 70%) is unfavorable for the growth of the fruiting bodies, while too wet (above 95%) will cause the breeding of foreign microorganisms and lead to mushroom rot.
During the growth of the fruiting bodies, the temperature should preferably be controlled between 18-22°C. If the temperature is below 15°C, then mushroom buds are difficult to form; when it is above 25°C, shade material should be added above the mushroom shed to lower the temperature. Ventilation of the mushroom house is beneficial to the growth of the fruiting bodies. The carbon dioxide concentration in the mushroom house should be such that there is no feeling of chest tightness. At the same time, during the growth of the fruiting bodies, a small amount of natural scattered light should also be provided appropriately every day, but direct sunlight should be avoided.
6. Harvesting and flush transition of Pleurotus pulmonarius:When the cap grows to about 2.5 cm, the cap edge curls inward, and before the spores are ejected, this is the appropriate harvest time.
Clustered mushrooms should be picked all at once, keeping the fruiting bodies intact when picking, and after picking they should be sorted promptly, and the mushroom house should be cleaned up well, mainly by scraping off the old mycelial roots on the material surface at the bag opening and some undifferentiated primordia and dead young mushrooms (this work should be completed on the same day after picking the mushrooms). After treatment, temporarily stop directly spraying water on the material surface, and only spray the paths and space of the mushroom house, maintaining the spatial relative humidity of the mushroom house at 70-80%. Under these conditions, rest the mycelium for 3-7 days (the resting time depends on the air temperature), to facilitate the growth of the next flush of mushrooms. After that, manage accordingly, and transition flushes for fruiting.
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