Key Management Points and Precautions for Strawberry Cultivation in the Mid-to-Late Stage
After the Spring Festival, the first batch of strawberries in the greenhouse has been harvested, and strawberry production enters the mid-to-late stage. In terms of management, besides strengthening pest and disease control and managing temperature and humidity well, the most important thing is to do a good job of fertilizing and watering in the later stage. The following are common problems in production and suggestions.
Uneven irrigation
The reason is that to save water and reduce humidity in the greenhouse, some farmers use drip irrigation. This method of irrigation does not cause the greenhouse temperature to drop too quickly, reduces the occurrence of strawberry diseases, and thus increases strawberry yield. However, due to water quality, in the later stage some drip outlets often become clogged, causing uneven irrigation and affecting strawberry flowering, fruiting and enlargement.
Management measures Based on years of practical experience, in later-stage irrigation, changing drip irrigation to flood irrigation under the film is a relatively reasonable method. The specific operation method of under-film irrigation is to uncover the film between two beds, place the sprinkler head directly into the furrow under the film, and irrigate with a large volume of water until thoroughly soaked. This method of irrigation allows water to be drawn upward from the base of the strawberry roots, reducing soil compaction caused by irrigation, and under-film irrigation can relatively reduce the number of irrigations, saving both labor and effort. Generally, for clay soil, watering and fertilizing once every 15-20 days is sufficient; for sandy soil, once every 10-15 days.
Strawberry nutrient depletion
After entering the second fruiting period, some strawberries show signs of nutrient depletion. If nutrient supply is not strengthened at this time, it can easily affect the yield and quality of the second crop of fruit. Moreover, the flowering period is not suitable for foliar fertilization, which adds a certain degree of difficulty to fertilization.
Management measures Along with irrigation, apply high-efficiency strawberry-specific trace element fertilizers such as Strawberry Pioneer, Pshibao, and monopotassium phosphate to increase soil organic matter content, supplement deficient trace elements such as manganese, molybdenum, zinc, and calcium, and supplement high-efficiency phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. The application method is to uniformly apply diluted high-efficiency fertilizer with the water during irrigation, generally applying 25 kg of special fertilizer per mu.
Severe pest problems
As temperatures rise, pests such as aphids increase relatively, seriously affecting strawberry quality.
Management measures Prevent in advance by hanging one sticky insect board every 2 meters in the greenhouse, which can reduce the occurrence of aphids. For plots where damage has already occurred, after picking strawberries, aerosol fumigation can be used to kill pests. During the specific operation, note that the bees used for pollination should first be moved outside the greenhouse to prevent harm to the bees. All ventilated areas should be sealed well, the aerosol fumigant should be ignited in the evening, and ventilation should be carried out the next morning.
Strawberry Cultivation Techniques and Key Management Points
Strawberry is also called red berry, foreign berry, ground berry, etc. It is a red flower-fruit. Strawberry is the general term for plants of the genus Fragaria in the rose family, and is a perennial herbaceous plant. The strawberry has a heart-shaped appearance, is bright red and tender, with juicy flesh and a special rich fruity aroma. Strawberries are highly nutritious, rich in vitamin C, and help with digestion. At the same time, strawberries can also strengthen the gums, freshen breath, and moisten the throat. In spring, people's liver fire tends to be relatively strong, and eating some strawberries can help suppress it.
In addition, strawberries are best eaten after meals, because they contain a large amount of pectin and cellulose, which can promote gastrointestinal motility, aid digestion, improve constipation, and prevent hemorrhoids and colon cancer. The nutritional ratio of strawberries is very reasonable, and their vitamin C content is about 10 times that of an equal amount of watermelon, grapes, or apples. In addition, strawberries are rich in iron, fructose, glucose, citric acid, malic acid, etc., and the nutrients contained in strawberries can play a supportive role in treating conditions that easily appear in spring, such as lung-heat cough, sore throat, and boils. Also, because they contain iron, friends with anemia can eat them often. However, doctors also note that although strawberries are a very good appetite-stimulating fruit, they are cooling in nature, so in early spring, do not eat too many at one time, especially for people with weak and cold spleen and stomach, those prone to diarrhea, and those with excessive stomach acid, who should control their intake even more.
Production and Cultivation Overview
At present, most countries in the world cultivate strawberries. The United States has 23,000 hectares of strawberry cultivation area, with a output of 567,000 tons, accounting for about 28% of world total production, with an average yield of 24.6 tons per hectare. Japan has a cultivation area of 11,000 hm2, with a output of 218,000 tons, accounting for 11% of world total production, with an average yield of 19.3 tons per hectare. Europe is a major strawberry producing region, accounting for about 50% of world production. Poland, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, Belgium, Russia, Romania, and the United Kingdom have relatively large cultivation areas, with yields generally around 9.5-18.3 tons per hectare. China is the country with the richest wild strawberry resources in the world, began using wild strawberries very early, and has continued this to the present day. Large-fruited strawberry cultivation in China began in 1915, but it did not receive attention in the past and developed slowly. Since the 1980s, strawberry production has developed rapidly. China currently has about 70,000 hm2 of strawberry production area, ranking first in the world in area, with major production areas distributed in eastern coastal regions such as Anhui, Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Shanghai, and Zhejiang. In recent years, Sichuan, Anhui, **, Beijing and other areas have also developed rapidly. Key strawberry production areas include Sihong in Jiangsu, Hefei in Anhui, Dandong in Liaoning, Baoding in Hebei, Yantai in Shandong, the suburbs of Shanghai, Shuangliu in Sichuan, and Lianyungang in Jiangsu, among which Changfeng County in Hefei currently has 145,000 mu of strawberry planting area, with an annual output of more than 200,000 tons of strawberries and a total output value of more than 1 billion yuan. By 2012 it will expand to more than 200,000 mu, and it has built China's only national-level virus-free strawberry science and technology park. Every year, promotion conferences are held at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing and the Diaoyutai State Guesthouse in Beijing, and matchmaking meetings between distributors and strawberry growers are held at the Beijing Xinfadi Market, Tianjin Hongqi Market, and Shenyang Fruit Wholesale Market. Its production scale has jumped from originally first in Anhui Province to becoming the largest strawberry county in China, and Changfeng strawberry has become a China Well-known Trademark.
Growing conditions
Strawberries are suitable for planting in soil with plenty of sunlight and good drainage. Soil depth should be about 8-10 inches. For large strawberry plants, the row spacing should be 12 inches, and the plant spacing about 18 inches. Remove runners from the plants in time to benefit strawberry fruiting. Strawberry yields are cyclical, so it is best to cultivate some new plants in the first few years of planting. If you do not like managing strawberries, you can plant one strawberry every 18-24 inches, so that strawberries can spread freely. Of course, it will look somewhat messy, and the strawberries will not be large. If you want to avoid this situation, you can appropriately remove some runners. In autumn, cover the plants with a layer of soil to prevent frost damage. After the soil freezes, you can spread 3-4 inches of dry straw over the plants. In the spring of the following year, after new leaves grow, remove the dry straw. When the weather turns warm and stable, remove the covering soil on the surface of the plants. But leave some dry straw between the rows to prevent weed growth and maintain soil moisture.
Cultivation techniques
In world small berry production, strawberry ranks first. Strawberry is an economic crop with quick fruiting, early maturity, easy propagation, short cycle, and high benefits.
1. Preparation of propagation seedling plots
1) Choose paddy fields that are convenient for drainage and irrigation and not easily waterlogged, with relatively high fertility, or vegetable garden soil (previous crop and soil blocks where chlorsulfuron herbicide has been used). Apply sufficient base fertilizer (cake fertilizer, farmyard manure, human excrement and urine, phosphate fertilizer), spread after decomposing, and at the same time apply 1 jin of 50% phoxim or 3 jin of 3% carbofuran per mu, mix with 25 jin of fine soil, spread, then turn the soil and make beds. Bed width 1.5-1.8 m, turtle-back shaped to prevent water accumulation, and the soil should be fine.
2) Selection and planting of each plant. Choose plants with new leaves developing normally, symmetrical leaflets, dark green leaf color, thick petioles, large leaves, robust growth, and good yield potential, and remove diseased leaves and old leaves. In our city, planting in propagation fields is generally done in April of the Gregorian calendar (daily average temperature above 12°C). Plant two rows per bed, planting 30 cm from the edge of the bed surface, with plant spacing of 60-80 cm. After planting, water immediately to settle the roots.
3) Fertilizer and water management. The principle of fertilizing seedling fields is: moderate nitrogen, heavy phosphorus and potassium. Apply 200 jin of decomposed rapeseed cake plus 7-8 jin of urea, 50 jin of phosphate fertilizer, and 10 jin of potassium fertilizer per mu, dissolve in water, and irrigate once every 20 days. Human excrement and urine can also be used as a substitute.
4) After each plant is planted and survives (one week later), spray gibberellin (920). That is, each gram of "920" is mixed with 40-50 jin of water, (first dissolve "920" in a clean bowl with high-concentration white liquor) and spray. Spray twice in succession, with an interval of one week to 10 days. In August, strictly control nitrogen fertilizer application and allow moderate drought, but not excessively.
2. Timely transplanting and preparation and specifications of the transplanting field
1) Field preparation: Choose fertile fields or soil with convenient drainage and irrigation as the field site. Strawberries have a relatively high fertilizer requirement, and in the later stage (fruit-picking period) little fertilizer is generally applied, so the base fertilizer must be sufficient, mainly organic fertilizer. Generally, per mu: 1500 kg organic fertilizer, 50 kg cake fertilizer, 25-30 kg compound fertilizer, 7.5 kg urea, 40 kg calcium superphosphate, and 10 kg potassium fertilizer. Except for urea and compound fertilizer, mix the other fertilizers evenly, decompose them, then mix evenly with urea and compound fertilizer, spread on the soil surface, and then turn the soil to make ridges. Generally, ridge height is 25-30 cm, ridge bottom width 90 cm, ridge surface 60 cm. Furrow width 30 cm, ridge bottom plus furrow width about 100-120 cm, and the ridge surface to furrow bottom has a certain slope.
2) Planting period and method: In our city, protected cultivation is generally transplanted from late September to early October. Planting density should be treated according to seedling condition and soil fertility: strong seedlings, dry seedlings, and fertile land are suitable for sparse planting. Otherwise, dense planting is suitable. Generally, 7,000-9,000 plants per mu. After the ridges are made, plant 5 cm inward from the ridge edge, with plant spacing of 12-15 cm. Ridge length generally does not exceed 30 m.
When transplanting, note the following: First, directional transplanting: with the curved back facing outward, which is beneficial for later inflorescence emergence. Second, double-row triangular (pin-shaped) planting, which is beneficial for ventilation, light penetration, and rooting. Third, grasp the depth, so that the roots are not exposed below and the seedling heart is not buried above, which is beneficial for tillering. Fourth, transplant with soil, which is beneficial for survival. Fifth, plant in the afternoon on sunny days, and all day on cloudy days. Sixth, strengthen water and fertilizer management, and immediately water thoroughly with root-setting water after planting; when watering, add thiophanate-methyl at 800 times dilution. Seventh, timely check seedlings and replant missing ones.
3. Field management
1) Pre-winter management: from survival after planting to mid-to-late November, three points should be noted: first, apply thin fertilizer frequently, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, preferably dilute manure water; second, maintain moisture; third, weed, loosen soil, and remove old leaves and diseased leaves.
2) Management before and after flowering: before flowering, at the young fruit stage, and at the fruit enlargement stage, promptly spray Caiguo Zhuangdiling to increase the cyclic fruit-setting rate of strawberries and promote fruit development, while using thiophanate-methyl, procymidone, dimethoate, etc. to control pests and diseases.
3) Overwintering management: before the cold winter arrives, water thoroughly to protect against cold.
4. Timely film covering
Covering with film can multiply yield and reduce fruit loss and contamination. Films are divided into greenhouse covering film and plastic mulch. The time for covering film should be when the daily average temperature drops to about 8°C. Cover the greenhouse film first, then the plastic mulch. Before covering film, first weed, cultivate, fertilize, and control pests and diseases. (Greenhouse construction and film purchase specifications) Due to limited space, they will not be introduced here. Those interested please contact the agricultural science institute. After covering film, the temperature inside the greenhouse at night should be maintained at 8°C, and around 20°C during the day. On sunny days at noon, the film should be lifted, and re-covered at 3 p.m. If the temperature is too high, pollen dies; if the temperature is too low, pollen activity is insufficient, making pollination difficult.
5. Greenhouse cultivation
Strawberries planted in greenhouses in early spring can bloom and bear fruit.
6. Open-field cultivation techniques
Open-field strawberry cultivation can adopt two methods: annual planting or multi-year planting. The former rotates with other crops after cultivation and harvest each year. Under this system, strawberries have strong vitality, good fruit quality, early maturity, and few pests and diseases. But the key technique is to cultivate strong seedlings with more than 3 leaves and a well-developed root system, and appropriate dense planting can be used. Plant once, harvest for many years, transplant in autumn, and harvest in May of the following year. After 3 years, renew once using runner seedlings.
1) Land preparation and base fertilizer application
Strawberry roots are shallow, and it is suitable for growing in loam or sandy loam with good permeability and rich organic matter. The previous crop is preferably wheat, beans, melons, or vegetables. It can also be intercropped with tall crops. Deep plow the land early, apply 3000 kg of fully decomposed manure as base fertilizer per mu, and sun the soil. When preparing the land, apply 25 kg of diammonium phosphate and 10 kg of potassium chloride. Irrigate once with a small amount of water before planting.
2) Planting
Before transplanting, select seedlings with 5-6 compound leaves, robust plants, and complete root systems, and plant them in the field on cloudy days or in the evening. Planting density is (20-25) cm × (25-30) cm. When planting seedlings, the standard is shallow enough not to expose roots and deep enough not to bury the heart. After planting, irrigate once thoroughly, and after the water dries, promptly check the condition of the seedlings, loosen soil, earth up, or replant missing ones. When planting, make the seedlings grow with the curved back facing the flat bed, which facilitates management and fruit harvesting.
3) Field management
After strawberry planting, water with root-setting water, then maintain field moisture, lower soil temperature, and irrigate timely and appropriately according to field humidity. When irrigating with overwintering water, apply 15-20 kg/mu of compound fertilizer to improve overwintering ability. The spring flowering and fruiting period is a water-sensitive period, and the soil should be kept moist. When irrigating, combine with applying nitrogen-phosphorus compound fertilizer or foliar spraying. Water should not be excessive, and accumulated water should be drained promptly. At the same time, before flowering, at the young fruit stage, and at the fruit enlargement stage, promptly spray Caiguo Zhuangdiling to increase the cyclic fruit-setting rate of strawberries and promote fruit development. After strawberry transplanting and survival, cultivate frequently and weed. After fruit harvest, earth up at the appropriate time. During overwintering, appropriate ground covering should be used to prevent cold, preserve warmth, and help strawberries overwinter smoothly. Now, plastic film mulching is mostly carried out from late January to early February, which can promote earlier strawberry maturity and extend the harvest period.
Strawberry care
Once strawberries begin to bear fruit and turn red, be careful not to let birds peck at them, because birds easily notice red things. Put a net over the strawberries, or cover the strawberries with a wooden basket. But if there is a greenhouse at home, you can move the strawberries into the greenhouse, which is even better. Strawberries are also more likely to bear fruit. After the strawberry fruiting period is over, you can move them out of the greenhouse and place them outdoors to overwinter.
In a sense, if strawberry plants experience some frost, it is more conducive to increasing yield the following year. Strawberries are very easy plants to cultivate and can be transplanted. Sometimes you may find yellow leaves on the plants, but do not worry; just remove them. In winter, you can keep the yellow leaves until new leaves grow in the following spring, then remove the dead yellow leaves, and pay attention to watering, weeding, and pest control. Strawberries can also be planted in plant bags, but watering must be even, and birds and pests must be prevented from damaging the strawberries. The soil in plant bags dries out easily, so it needs to be checked frequently to ensure the soil remains moist. If planting only a small amount, try not to use pesticides; you can spray with a large amount of diluted dishwashing detergent; you can also place some muskmelon peels, beer, etc. nearby to lure away snails and other soft-bodied crawling pests.
Disease control
In strawberry cultivation, change or control the environmental conditions for their growth and development, overcome unfavorable factors, enable them to bloom and bear fruit normally, achieve early harvest, and supply the market out of season. Greenhouse cultivation has the characteristics of low investment, quick results, high yield, and good benefits, with 1500 kg per mu, more than double that of open field; output value is more than 10 times higher than open field. In order to extend the strawberry supply period and meet the demand for year-round supply, four cultivation forms are currently commonly used:
(1) Forcing cultivation (maturing and marketed from November to December in late autumn and early winter).
(2) Semi-forcing cultivation (maturing and marketed from February to March).
(3) Super-forcing cultivation.
(4) Inhibiting cultivation.
Although greenhouse production has many advantages, it also has shortcomings, because high temperature and high humidity inside the greenhouse easily create extremely favorable environmental conditions for pests and diseases. Strengthening integrated pest and disease control, "treating early, treating small, treating thoroughly," is particularly important and has become a key link in achieving high and stable yields of greenhouse strawberries.
1. Leaf spot disease
Also called snake-eye disease, mainly damages leaves, petioles, fruit stalks, young stems, and seeds. Dark purple small spots form on the leaves, and after expanding they form nearly round or oval lesions, with purplish-red-brown edges, gray-white centers, and slight fine rings, making the entire lesion look like a snake eye. No small black grains form on the lesions.
Control measures: promptly remove diseased leaves and old leaves. In the early stage of the disease, use 70% chlorothalonil wettable powder at 500-700 times dilution, and spray again after ten days. Or use 70% mancozeb wettable powder, 200 g per mu mixed with 75 kg water for spraying.
2. Powdery mildew
Mainly damages leaves, and also infects flowers, fruits, fruit stalks, and petioles. Leaves curl upward in a spoon shape. Buds and petals affected become purplish-red, cannot bloom or bloom completely, and fruits do not enlarge, appearing slender and elongated; young fruits lose their luster and harden. Strawberries damaged near maturity lose their commercial value.
Control measures: On the central diseased plants and around them, focus on spraying 0.3 degrees Baume lime-sulfur mixture. After harvest, cut leaves throughout the garden, and spray 70% thiophanate-methyl at 1000 times dilution, or 50% tebuconazole at 800 times dilution, and 30% triflumizole at 5000 times dilution, etc.
3. Gray mold
It is a major disease after flowering, and can occur on flowers, petals, fruits, and leaves. On fruits during the enlargement stage, brown spots form and gradually expand, densely covered with gray mold, causing the fruit to soften and rot, seriously affecting yield.
Control measures: From bud emergence to flowering, spray 25% carbendazim wettable powder at 300 times dilution, 50% captan wettable powder at 800 times dilution, 50% iprodione at 500-700 times dilution, etc.
4. Root rot
Starting from the lower leaves, the leaf margins turn reddish-brown, gradually wilt upward, and eventually die. The support in the middle begins to turn dark brown and rot, and the central column of the root appears red.
Control measures: Before strawberry transplanting, use 40% asparagus green powder at 600 times dilution, pour it on the bed surface, then cover with soil, level and transplant, so as to effectively kill pathogens in the soil, reduce the base number of inoculum in the field, and reduce chances of infection.
5. Verticillium wilt
This disease is a soil-borne disease. The main symptoms are deformed young leaves, yellowing leaves, and an extremely rough leaf surface. Subsequently, the leaf margins turn brown and wilt inward until death.
Control measures: Strictly introduce disease-free plants for planting; shorten the renewal period; use chloropicrin 13.5 liters to 20 liters or solar film covering and irrigation for soil disinfection; pull out and burn affected plants.
How to grow greenhouse strawberries? Key technical points for greenhouse strawberry cultivation
In recent years, with the development of protected agriculture, the planting area of greenhouse strawberries has also continued to expand. In the process of growing greenhouse strawberries, in order to increase strawberry yield and quality and improve economic benefits, it is very important to do a good job in fertilizer and water management, preventing deformed fruit, and preventing early buds and early flowers. So, how do you grow greenhouse strawberries? Below is an introduction to the key technical points for greenhouse strawberry cultivation. Let's take a look.
Image: Greenhouse strawberry cultivation
1. Timely frame covering and heat preservation
Generally, when the temperature drops below 5°C, a semicircular small arch shed should be promptly placed over the strawberry cultivation beds, covered with colorless plastic film. In the early stage of covering, attention should be paid to ventilation to prevent the temperature inside the shed from exceeding 30°C, especially around noon on clear, cloudless days with strong sunlight, when high-temperature scorching of seedlings should be prevented even more. In addition, when the minimum temperature inside the shed is around 5°C, paper quilts or straw mats should be covered over the shed film at night for insulation, and promptly removed after sunrise during the day to increase sunlight exposure, raise the temperature inside the shed, and carefully prevent cold damage or root rotting. Entering the coldest days of winter, if the maximum temperature inside the shed is below 10°C, the covering insulation materials should not be removed during the day either, so as to help strawberries overwinter safely. After the "fifth nine-day period" and "sixth nine-day period," when the outside temperature stabilizes above 0°C, the paper quilts or straw mats can be removed after sunrise during the day, but they must be promptly covered again before sunset in the evening to maintain a relatively high temperature inside the arch shed. When the temperature inside the small arch shed also remains stable above 5°C at night, the covering can be removed, and attention should be paid to weather changes at any time, with timely ventilation to prevent high-temperature damage.
2. Prevent early buds and early flowers
In the process of greenhouse strawberry production, plants are prone to early bud emergence and early flowering. If this phenomenon occurs too much, it will seriously affect strawberry yield and quality. The occurrence of early buds and early flowers in greenhouse strawberries is related to the following factors. First, it is related to variety characteristics. Varieties whose flower buds differentiate easily and whose dormancy is relatively shallow, such as Lihong and Qiuxiang, require only about 50 hours of dormancy time, and the low-temperature requirement during the dormancy period is relatively small, making them prone to early buds. Second, it is related to premature flower bud differentiation caused by fertilizer and temporary planting. On the one hand, from seedling raising to before flower bud differentiation, if nitrogen absorption is relatively low, strawberry flower bud differentiation often occurs earlier; on the other hand, if temporary planting is too late, the temporary planting seedlings are too small, or aging seedlings form, or the soil on the temporary planting bed is too dry or too wet, or fertilizer is insufficient, all of these can cause premature strawberry flower bud differentiation. All of these will cause early buds and early flowers in strawberries after planting. To prevent early buds and early flowers in strawberries, the following points should be achieved in production: First, choose suitable varieties. For greenhouse cultivation, varieties with relatively shallow dormancy should be chosen. If varieties with stronger dormancy are chosen, insulation covering should not be too early. Second, during the seedling-raising process, fertilize reasonably, strengthen management, and cultivate strong seedlings. By removing old leaves, removing inflorescences, straightening runners, spraying gibberellin, and other measures, strengthen the management of mother plants and produce high-quality strong seedlings. Third, after covering the shed, pay attention to temperature control. The temperature inside the shed should be controlled below 25°C during the day and above 0°C at night. In severe winter, through measures such as placing small sheds inside the greenhouse, thickening covering, and setting up wind barriers, ensure normal strawberry development. For plants that have already developed early buds and early flowers, promptly remove the buds, strengthen fertilizer and water management, promote axillary buds to bloom and bear fruit, and reduce losses.
Image: Greenhouse strawberry cultivation
3. Strengthen fertilizer and water management
Greenhouse strawberries have a long fruiting period, so on the basis of heavy base fertilizer application, reasonable topdressing should be carried out to meet their nutritional requirements. Topdressing should adopt the principle of "small amounts, many times." From covering the shed to bud emergence, fertilizer can be applied with shallow water about once every 10 days, each time applying 10 kg urea, 5-8 kg calcium superphosphate, and 5-8 kg potassium chloride per mu. In addition, in the mid-to-late stage, combined with pesticide spraying, foliar spray multi-element trace fertilizer or organic nutrient solutions such as Zhibaosu can be applied to increase strawberry fruit weight and sugar content. The temperature inside the greenhouse is too high, and soil moisture evaporation is large, so timely irrigation is needed. In the early stage, the outside temperature is high, so irrigation should be carried out in the evening; in the later stage, temperatures inside and outside the greenhouse are both relatively low, so irrigation should be carried out in the morning. After irrigation, first raise the greenhouse temperature, then increase ventilation to reduce humidity. Watering should not be too frequent, and each watering should soak thoroughly. Stop watering 1 week before flowering, and after flowering water once 15 days later combined with fertilization.
4. Prevent deformed fruit
Mixed planting of some varieties with large amounts of pollen among the main cultivars is an effective measure to prevent deformed fruit in greenhouse strawberries. The local main cultivar is Baojiao Zaosheng, and pollination varieties are Chunxiang, Fengxiang, etc., generally planted at 5%-10%. Do not spray pesticides during the strawberry flowering period, to prevent reducing pollen germination rate, affecting fertilization, and producing deformed fruit. Pesticides can be used before strawberry flowering to control diseases. After flowering, promptly pull out diseased plants, remove diseased leaves and inflorescences, and control disease spread. When soil moisture is insufficient, promptly carry out dark irrigation under plastic film between ridges. When fertilizer is deficient, apply 15 kg of 45% ternary compound fertilizer per mu combined with watering, and do not apply ammonium bicarbonate. Diluting fertilizer with water and applying it by punching holes has a better effect, as this can promote fertilizer with water and meet the needs of normal strawberry flowering and fruiting. When each batch of flower buds forms in greenhouse strawberries, place bees inside the shed, with 5000 bees per standard shed, so that the pollination rate can reach 100%. The times for releasing bees are 8-9 a.m. and 3-4 p.m.
Image: Greenhouse strawberry cultivation
5. Control pests and diseases
Using small arch sheds to cultivate strawberries, because the microenvironment inside the shed has high temperature and high humidity, it is very easy for diseases such as powdery mildew and gray mold and underground pests to harm strawberry plants. For pests, before planting, 25% phoxim can be mixed with water or fine soil and spread into the soil, or trichlorfon powder can be spread into the soil for control. For diseases, after film covering, promptly spray 40% thiophanate-methyl at 300-400 times dilution or Bordeaux mixture at 240 times dilution.
[Editor's Conclusion]In order to obtain greater economic benefits and achieve high quality and high yield, doing a good job in management during the greenhouse strawberry cultivation process is the key point. The above has introduced the key technical points for greenhouse strawberry cultivation, and I hope it can be helpful to everyone!