What fertilizer is best for planting peanuts? Detailed explanation of fertilization principles and methods
Peanuts are one of the main cash crops in China, and the planting area in China is also quite large. They are rich in nutrients such as fat and protein, and have extremely high nutritional value for people. Fertilization is essential during the growth process of peanuts, and applying fertilizer well is the prerequisite for improving peanut yield and quality. Now let us take a look at what fertilizer is best for planting peanuts!
Principles of fertilizer requirements for peanuts
1. Major elements: The ratio of the three major elements nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium required by peanuts is 3:0.4:1. Nitrogen is needed the most, potassium second, and phosphorus the least. Therefore, in topdressing major element fertilizers, nitrogen should be the main focus, with an appropriate amount of potassium.
2. Trace elements: Peanuts have the greatest demand for several elements such as calcium, sulfur, and magnesium. Calcium can promote faster growth of peanut plants, sulfur can increase the protein content of the kernels, and magnesium can promote the normal formation of chlorophyll in peanut leaves.
Fertilization principles for peanut cultivation
1. Organic fertilizer as the main type, inorganic fertilizer as supplementary: Organic fertilizer has complete nutrients, can increase soil aggregate structure, improve soil physical and chemical properties, and is beneficial to the activity of rhizobia, increasing the source of nitrogen. Used in combination with chemical fertilizers, it can reduce the loss and fixation of inorganic fertilizers.
2. Apply sufficient base fertilizer and topdress appropriately: Use organic fertilizer as base fertilizer. After applying sufficient base fertilizer, quick-acting fertilizers should be topdressed timely and in appropriate amounts according to growth conditions. At the same time, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micro-fertilizers should be reasonably combined, and foliar spraying should be carried out in the middle and late stages according to growth vigor.
What fertilizer is best for planting peanuts?
1. Base fertilizer: Base fertilizer includes bottom fertilizer and seed fertilizer. Fertilizer applied before sowing in combination with plowing is called bottom fertilizer, and fertilizer applied in concentrated form in furrows or holes during sowing is called seed fertilizer. Peanut base fertilizer accounts for more than 80% of the total fertilizer and should mainly be organic fertilizer combined with nitrogen, phosphorus, and other fertilizers. The specific application method varies with the type and amount of fertilizer. Generally, broadcasting and concentrated application should be combined, with most applied as bottom fertilizer by broadcasting during pre-sowing land preparation, and a small portion retained for concentrated furrow or hole application combined with sowing. To improve phosphate fertilizer efficiency, phosphate fertilizer can be composted with organic fertilizer for 15-20 days before application. When sowing peanuts, dressing seeds with rhizobium inoculant can increase effective rhizobia. In addition, dressing or soaking seeds with 0.2-0.3% ammonium molybdate or 0.01-0.1% boric acid aqueous solution can supplement the trace elements needed by peanuts.
2. Topdressing: Topdressing should be done timely according to peanut growth conditions. Seedling-stage topdressing should be carried out before initial flowering. Generally, 80-100 kg/sq km of urea and 150-200 kg/sq km of superphosphate are applied in furrows. After flowering, 300-400 kg/sq km of gypsum powder and 150-200 kg/sq km of superphosphate can be applied to increase phosphorus and calcium nutrition during the pod-setting stage. If fertilizer deficiency occurs during the pod-filling and full-fruit stage of peanuts and topdressing cannot be carried out, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 2% urea can be sprayed on the leaves 1-2 times, which can protect roots and leaves, increase the pod-setting rate and full-fruit rate.
What fertilizer is best for rhododendrons? Rhododendron fertilization principles
What fertilizer is best for rhododendrons? Rhododendron fertilization principles -- Rhododendrons are fertilizer-loving plants. In addition to major nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, they also need trace elements such as boron, copper, molybdenum, and zinc. Rhododendrons are suitable for fertilizers with mild fertility and longer-lasting effects. For home cultivation of rhododendrons, ox horn, sheep horn, and animal hoof pieces can be used. These fertilizers contain 12%-15% nitrogen and 0.2%-8% phosphorus, and also contain a small amount of potassium and trace elements. Thin hoof pieces take effect 1 month after application, while thick hoof and horn pieces show fertilizer effect after 2 months, and the fertility can be maintained for 6-8 months. When using, they can be buried at the edge or bottom of the pot combined with repotting or changing pots. Cake fertilizer is also a fertilizer with relatively comprehensive nutrition. The nutrients in cake fertilizer generally contain 2.1%-7.6% nitrogen, 0.54%-3.3% phosphorus, and 0.5%-2.7% potassium. Generally speaking, soybean cake and peanut cake contain more nitrogen, while rapeseed cake and cottonseed cake contain more phosphorus. They must be fully fermented before application. Fertilizer made by composting livestock manure and tree leaves can be mixed into the growing medium when repotting. Different rhododendron varieties also differ in their fertilizer requirements.
Among the rhododendron varieties in Dandong, Sihai Bo, Shuanghua Hong, and Hama Mudan require less fertilizer; Xiannü Wu, Wubao Zhu, and Fugui Ji are more tolerant of fertilizer; large-leaf rhododendrons and others are even more tolerant of fertilizer.
Rhododendron fertilization should follow the principle of light and frequent application.
Fertilization is generally carried out during the vigorous growth periods in spring and autumn, and generally no fertilizer is applied in winter. For flowering plants, apply hoof pieces or manure once when repotting in March and April in spring, apply soybean cake or hoof and horn fertilizer water 1-2 times in May and June, and during the rainy season the fermented cake fertilizer powder can be sprinkled on the pot surface and mixed evenly with the surface soil. Apply a relatively concentrated liquid fertilizer once again in autumn. Generally, for a flower pot with a diameter of 20 cm, a vigorously growing plant uses about 100 grams of soybean cake fertilizer in a whole year.
When are peanuts planted? Introduction to peanut planting time and planting methods
Peanut planting time
Under normal conditions, peanuts are suitable for planting from the end of April to the beginning of May.
Small knowledge about peanut planting
1. Leveling the land
Peanuts are a cash crop that flowers above ground and, after forming pegs, drills into the soil to set fruit. They are suitable for planting in loose sandy soil and oil sandy soil. The plot for planting peanuts should be deeply plowed, and 30-40 tons of high-quality farmyard manure per hectare should be applied in combination with plowing, then pressed with 1-2 passes after plowing. Where conditions permit, irrigation can be carried out first, then farm manure and chemical fertilizer can be mixed and applied into the furrows, and ridges can be formed and pressed in preparation for timely sowing. Note that peanuts prefer fresh soil and are not suitable for continuous cropping or back-to-back cropping. Better preceding crops are corn, millet, and sorghum.
2. Cultivated varieties
For high peanut yield, good seed is the foundation. Peanut varieties suitable for planting in this region mainly include the Fuhua series varieties and the Jifu series varieties (commonly known as SililHong). The growth period is about 110-120 days. Select pods that are large, plump, uniform in shape, and unbroken as seed. Before shelling, sun-dry for 1-3 days. After shelling, further select seeds, choosing kernels with pure color and uniform shape as seed.
3. Scientific fertilization
Peanuts are relatively tolerant of barren soil, and fertilization should mainly be base fertilizer, with 30 tons of farmyard manure applied per hectare; chemical fertilizer should mainly be phosphate fertilizer, with 300-400 jin of diammonium phosphate applied per hectare. For planting peanuts in barren land, apply an additional 200-300 jin of urea per hectare.
Layered fertilization: Fertilizer applied before sowing should be applied in two layers: base fertilizer and seed fertilizer.
Split fertilization: This mainly refers to quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, which should adopt a split fertilization technique combining base fertilizer, seed fertilizer, and topdressing. Quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer should mainly be base fertilizer and seed fertilizer. If fertilizer deficiency occurs during growth, a certain amount of urea or other fertilizer should be topdressed timely and in a targeted manner.
Deep fertilization: Base fertilizer should be applied 8-10 cm below the seed, seed fertilizer should be applied 3-5 cm below the seed, and the depth of topdressing should reach more than 10 cm.
4. Timely sowing and reasonable dense planting
The suitable sowing period for peanuts in this region is early to mid-May. The specific sowing time depends on weather conditions. The principle is: as long as the soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm stably passes 12°C, sowing can begin, with 3-4 seeds per hole, a soil covering thickness of 3-5 cm, and firming the upper grid; the second is hill-drop sowing. If the bottom soil moisture is insufficient, the water-sitting method must be used for planting. When using water-sitting sowing, be sure to wait until the water has completely infiltrated before carrying out fertilization, sowing, soil covering, and other steps.
Before sowing peanuts, soak the seeds to promote germination. Soak in warm water (two parts cold water to one part boiling water) for 3-4 hours, keep moist, and place at 20-25°C for sealed seed germination. After one day and one night, they will sprout. When sowing, sow the seeds on moist soil to avoid drying out the sprouts. Germinated seeds should be sown at any time and should not be left overnight, so as to avoid excessive sprout length and damage to the embryo. Peanuts are generally planted sparsely in fertile land and densely in thin land; the suitable sowing density in this region is 150,000-200,000 plants per hectare. The suitable sowing density for each plot should be determined according to soil fertility and the density tolerance of the variety.