How to Grow Magnolia liliiflora? A Detailed Guide to Its Growth Habits and Container Cultivation Methods
Magnolia liliiflora is a plant endemic to China, also known as magnolia, xinyi, and mubi. It is a famous early-spring ornamental flowering tree, a deciduous shrub of the genus Magnolia in the family Magnoliaceae. When it blooms in early spring, the whole tree is covered with purple-red flowers, graceful and elegant, with a unique charm. It is suitable for planting in classical gardens in front of halls and behind courtyards, and can also be planted as a solitary specimen or scattered in small courtyards.
Magnolia liliiflora is a plant endemic to China, also known as magnolia, xinyi, and mubi. It is a famous early-spring ornamental flowering tree, a deciduous shrub of the genus Magnolia in the family Magnoliaceae. When it blooms in early spring, the whole tree is covered with purple-red flowers, graceful and elegant, with a unique charm. It is suitable for planting in classical gardens in front of halls and behind courtyards, and can also be planted as a solitary specimen or scattered in small courtyards. Let us take a look at the cultivation methods of Magnolia liliiflora!
Growth Habits of Magnolia liliiflora
Magnolia liliiflora is native to Fujian, Hubei, Sichuan, and northwestern Yunnan in China, growing on mountain slopes and forest edges at altitudes of 300-1,600 m. It is a traditional flower of China with over two thousand years of history. It is cultivated in all major cities and has been introduced to cities in Europe and America. It prefers light, is relatively cold-hardy, and can overwinter outdoors. It loves dry conditions and dislikes low humidity; waterlogged planting sites easily cause root rot. It prefers fertile, well-drained, slightly acidic sandy soil, and can also grow in weakly alkaline soil.
Propagation Methods of Magnolia liliiflora
1. Seed propagation: After the seeds of Magnolia liliiflora mature in September to October, sow them immediately upon harvesting. Before sowing, soak the seeds in warm water at about 50°C. Sow in furrows. Use fertile sandy loam for the seedling bed. After sowing, cover with 2 cm of soil, water thoroughly, cover with straw, and keep the soil moist regularly. Seedlings generally emerge after about 2 months. In the second spring after the soil thaws, transplant them for separate cultivation.
2. Grafting propagation: When grafting Magnolia liliiflora, select 2-3 year old magnolia seedlings as rootstock. Bud grafting is done in July to August, and cleft grafting is done in autumn. After cleft grafting, cover the entire scion with soil, and remove the covering soil in late spring of the following year. Cleft grafting can also be done in a greenhouse; after grafting, store in moist sand, and when the graft union has healed, transplant before sprouting in the following spring.
3. Cutting propagation: Before cutting Magnolia liliiflora, dip the base of the cuttings in rooting powder or soak in a 25 ppm naphthaleneacetic acid solution for 20 hours to promote rooting and improve the survival rate. Collect 1-year-old branches from the mother plant of Magnolia liliiflora as cuttings. The cuttings should be 15 cm long, retaining 2 leaves at the upper end, with 1/3 to 1/2 of each leaf blade trimmed off. After cutting, pay attention to shading and watering.
4. Simple layering: Simple layering is best done in February to March. Cut halfway through the base of the branch to be layered, then cut upward a section, insert a piece of tile in the middle, then gently press it into the soil without breaking it. Use a U-shaped thick wire inserted into the soil to secure it and prevent it from springing up, then mound soil over it. For spring layering, once root buds emerge, it can be cut off and planted separately.
5. Air layering: Before the dog days of summer, select healthy, disease-free young branches (1.5-2 cm in diameter) from the mother plant. Make a cut at the lower part of a branch fork, then wrap it with a bamboo tube or a bottomless clay pot, fill it with potting soil, and tie it tightly with fine string on the outside. Be careful not to disturb it. Spray small amounts of water frequently to keep it moist. New roots will grow around May of the following year, and it can then be removed and planted in place.
Cultivation Methods of Magnolia liliiflora
1. Potting soil: Magnolia liliiflora prefers loose, fertile acidic to slightly acidic soil. Use equal parts leaf mold and garden soil mixed as potting soil. The pot should be somewhat deep and large. Place some broken hard plastic foam pieces at the bottom of the pot to enhance drainage and prevent root rot. Repot and change the soil once every year or every other year after flowering, retaining 1/2 to 1/3 of the old soil.
2. Fertilizing: Magnolia liliiflora loves fertilizer. Fertilizing should focus on two key times: 2 months before flowering and 5 months after flowering. Apply a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer about every ten days. The former helps buds swell and flowers open, while the latter promotes more flower bud formation and more flowers the following spring. When leaves drop in early winter, apply a fertilizer primarily of phosphorus and potassium once to enhance cold resistance for overwintering.
3. Light and temperature: Magnolia liliiflora prefers a warm, humid environment with plenty of sunlight. It is relatively cold-hardy. Place it in a sunny courtyard or rooftop garden; with more sunlight it grows robustly and luxuriantly. Under semi-shade conditions it can still grow but is weaker and produces fewer flowers. In too much shade it will not bloom. It is relatively cold-hardy, and can overwinter outdoors in Beijing and areas further south.
4. Water and fertilizer: Magnolia liliiflora prefers moisture and fears waterlogging, so timely and appropriate watering is very important. From the beginning of spring to flowering, keep the potting soil moist but not wet. After flowering, keep the potting soil moist but not waterlogged. After leaf drop, keep the potting soil slightly moist but not dry. At no time should it be drought-stressed or waterlogged. Especially during the rainy season, pay attention to drainage and flood prevention.
5. Pruning: Magnolia liliiflora has strong root sprouting ability. If propagation is not needed, prune the sprouts as they grow, and maintain 3 main stems per pot. For branches that are too tall or too long, they can be shortened right after flowering when leaves are just unfurling. Since its healing ability is poor, apply sulfur powder after pruning to prevent rot. If not necessary, do not prune. After flowering, if seeds are not needed for propagation, cut off the spent flowers with their bases.
Magnolia liliiflora Magnolia liliflora Desr Magnolia liliiflora Illustrated Guide: How to Grow Magnolia liliiflora / How to Propagate Magnolia liliiflora
Magnolia liliiflora ProfileMagnolia liliiflora Magnolia liliflora Desr
Cultivation Methods and Precautions for Magnolia liliiflora Introduction to Magnolia liliiflora
Magnolia liliiflora (scientific name: Magnolia liliiflora), of the genus Magnolia in the family Magnoliaceae, also known as magnolia and xinyi, is a plant endemic to China. It is distributed in Yunnan, Fujian, Hubei, Sichuan, and other places in China, growing at altitudes of 300 m to 1,600 m, generally on mountain slopes and forest edges. Magnolia liliiflora has gorgeous, delightful flowers with a delicate fragrance. It looks beautiful whether planted as a solitary specimen or in groups. With its graceful tree form and abundant branches and flowers, it is an excellent garden and street landscaping plant. It is a traditional flower and traditional Chinese medicine with over 2,000 years of history in China. Magnolia liliiflora is listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants, ver 3.2: 2009. It is also difficult to transplant and maintain, making it a very precious flowering tree.
Mubi, a plant of the family Magnoliaceae, has bright colors, compact flower buds, neat scales and hairs, and a rich fragrance. Magnolia liliiflora has the effect of dispelling wind-cold, used to treat rhinitis and lower blood pressure; Magnolia liliiflora is also a precious spice and chemical raw material, as well as an ornamental landscaping plant.
Morphological Characteristics of Magnolia liliiflora
Magnolia liliiflora is a deciduous shrub of the genus Magnolia in the family Magnoliaceae. It grows 3 to 5 m tall in the ground and 1 to 1.5 m tall in containers. It often grows in clumps. The leaves are obovate or elliptical. The flowers are solitary at the branch tips, bell-shaped, with 9 tepals arranged in 3 whorls of 3. They are purple or purple-red. In spring, flowers appear before leaves or simultaneously with leaves. Magnolia liliiflora prefers light and is not shade-tolerant; it is relatively cold-hardy and prefers fertile, moist, well-drained soil. It dislikes clayey soil and is not salt-alkali tolerant; it has fleshy roots and dislikes waterlogging; its root system is well-developed with strong sprouting ability. [2]
Magnolia liliiflora is native to central China. It has been cultivated for a long time for ornamental purposes. It was a precious ornamental flower in the courtyards of Jiangnan palaces in the past, with a cultivation history of over 2,500 years. Magnolia liliiflora blooms every year in early spring. The flowers open before the leaves or rarely simultaneously with the leaves. Although the deciduous branches still bear traces of winter, the branch tips are covered with magnificent purple flowers. Each flower stands gracefully, as if carved from powder and jade, elegant and ethereal, competing in beauty. The fragrance is pleasant, and the corolla is large, purple or purple-red, bell-shaped, with elegance shining through the purple, very delicate and charming, with an enticing fragrance. The flowers last about one month, creating a magnificent sight. If white magnolia is like a noble princess, then Magnolia liliiflora is like a fashionable woman.
The flower buds of Magnolia liliiflora can be used as medicine, and the flowers can be used to extract natural essence for cosmetics. It grows about 3 m tall, with flowers and leaves opening simultaneously. In Beijing's Summer Palace, there are Magnolia liliiflora over a hundred years old. This species is native to Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, and other provinces. The flower buds of Magnolia liliiflora are used as medicine. Propagation is mostly by division. Other habits and uses are the same as those of Magnolia denudata.
Deciduous tree, up to 15 m tall. Young branches are hairy; winter buds are densely covered with gray-green long hairs. Leaves alternate, obovate to obovate-oblong, 10-18 cm long, 6-10 cm wide, apex broad and abruptly pointed, base gradually narrowed, entire margin, glossy above, pubescent below. Flowers large, bell-shaped, opening before leaves; tepals 9, in 3 whorls, white, oblong-obovate; stamens and carpels numerous, spirally arranged on an elongated receptacle. Follicles rounded at the apex, numerous, aggregated into a cylindrical shape. Flowering period February to March. Fruiting period June to July. Cultivated throughout the country except in low-temperature regions. Harvesting and processing: Harvest in January to February when flowers have not yet opened, remove branches and stems, and dry in the shade. Characteristics: Flower buds are pen-tip-shaped or long-ovate, 1.5-3.8 cm long, 1.1-1.8 cm in diameter, with a short woody stalk at the base. Bracts in 2-3 layers, each layer with 2-3 pieces. The outer surface is densely covered with gray-white or gray-green down, 3-4.5 mm long. The inner surface is brownish-purple, thick and brittle; the inner bracts are thinner. Tepals 9, similar in size, brownish-purple, tightly embracing layer upon layer. Fragrance is clear, taste slightly bitter and pungent.
Ecological Habits of Magnolia liliiflora
It prefers a warm, humid environment with plenty of sunlight. It is relatively cold-hardy but not drought-tolerant or salt-alkali tolerant. It fears waterlogging and requires fertile, well-drained sandy loam.
Magnolia liliiflora cannot grow in calcareous or chalky soils; its branches are weak, so it needs to be planted in a slightly shaded location. It has good wind resistance and strong tolerance to air pollution. It can withstand brief low temperatures of -20°C. It prefers warmth and humidity, loves light, and is not tolerant of waterlogging or drought. Its root system is well-developed with strong sprouting and budding ability, and it tolerates pruning and shaping, but its healing ability is poor. After pruning, apply sulfur powder to prevent rot. Its fleshy roots are easily damaged, so it is difficult to transplant. If transplanting is needed, do it in late autumn after leaf drop or in late spring after flowering under mild, humid weather conditions. Magnolia liliiflora needs regular pruning and shaping, promptly removing diseased, damaged, and dead branches; otherwise the tree form will develop into a shrub shape, which is also detrimental to flower bud growth.
Native to central China, widely cultivated throughout the country.
Mubi blooms before leaves in March and April. The flowers are large and gorgeous, with purple outer petals and white or pink inner petals. Seeds mature in September. After harvesting, they can be sown immediately; or stored in sand and sown after germination promotion from mid-to-late March to early April of the following year. They can leave the nursery in one year and can serve as rootstock for Michelia alba, Michelia champaca, Magnolia denudata, Magnolia liliflora var. purpurea, Magnolia × soulangeana, Magnolia sieboldii, Magnolia coco, Magnolia grandiflora, and Michelia figo in two years.
It prefers a warm, humid environment with plenty of sunlight. It is relatively cold-hardy but not drought-tolerant or salt-alkali tolerant. It fears waterlogging and requires fertile, well-drained sandy loam.
Cultivation Techniques of Magnolia liliiflora
[Potting soil]: Magnolia liliiflora prefers loose, fertile acidic to slightly acidic soil. Use equal parts leaf mold and garden soil mixed as potting soil, and add 50 to 150 g of bone meal or nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer to the soil. The pot should be somewhat deep and large. Place some broken hard plastic foam pieces at the bottom of the pot to enhance drainage and prevent root rot. Repot and change the soil once every year or every other year after flowering, retaining 1/2 to 1/3 of the old soil.
[Water and fertilizer]: Magnolia liliiflora prefers moisture and fears waterlogging, so timely and appropriate watering is very important. From the beginning of spring to flowering, keep the potting soil moist but not wet; after flowering, keep the potting soil moist but not waterlogged; after leaf drop, keep the potting soil slightly moist but not dry. At no time should it be drought-stressed or waterlogged. Especially during the rainy season, pay attention to drainage and flood prevention.
Magnolia liliiflora loves fertilizer. Fertilizing should focus on two key times: 2 months before flowering and 5 months after flowering. Apply a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer about every ten days. The former helps buds swell and flowers open, while the latter promotes more flower bud formation and more flowers the following spring. When leaves drop in early winter, apply a fertilizer primarily of phosphorus and potassium once to enhance cold resistance for overwintering. At other times, apply little or no fertilizer. Avoid applying nitrogen fertilizer alone.
[Light and temperature]: Magnolia liliiflora prefers light. Place it in a sunny courtyard or rooftop garden; with more sunlight it grows robustly and luxuriantly. Under semi-shade conditions it can still grow but is weaker and produces fewer flowers. In too much shade it will not bloom. It is relatively cold-hardy, and can overwinter outdoors in Beijing and areas further south.
[Pruning]: Magnolia liliiflora has strong root sprouting ability. If propagation is not needed, prune the sprouts as they grow, and maintain 3 main stems per pot. For branches that are too tall or too long, they can be shortened right after flowering when leaves are just unfurling. Since its healing ability is poor, apply sulfur powder after pruning to prevent rot. If not necessary, do not prune. After flowering, if seeds are not needed for propagation, cut off the spent flowers with their bases.
[Propagation]: Commonly propagated by division, layering, and seed sowing. After flowering, when repotting and changing soil, take the plant out, use sharp scissors or a knife to cut off the rooted suckers from the base and plant them separately. Transplanting can be done in autumn or early spring before flowering. Dip small seedlings in mud slurry; large seedlings must be transplanted with a root ball. Apply fertilizer once before and after the flowering period, mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. During high summer temperatures and dry autumn seasons, maintain soil moisture. After flowering and before new shoots sprout, cut off dead branches, dense branches, and shorten leggy branches. For seed sowing, collect seeds in September, store in sand over winter, sow in spring of the following year. Germination occurs 20-30 days after sowing.
Propagation Methods of Magnolia liliiflora Selection and Treatment of Rootstock for Magnolia liliiflora
Select inferior varieties at the early to full bud stage that have no buds or few buds as rootstock. First, saw off the crown from the main branches and central leader. The horizontal height from the ground should be similar to avoid imbalance in the vigor of main branches due to apical dominance; upper main branches should be shorter than lower main branches, and the central leader should be slightly higher than the topmost main branch. The graft union should be chosen at a smooth location, and the saw cut should be smoothed with a cleft grafting knife.
Selection and Treatment of Scions Scions should be selected from single plants of superior varieties such as 'Houbazhang Chuanyu,' 'Damaotao Chuanyu,' or 'Ermaotao Chuanyu.' Select 1-year-old branches that are robust, well-developed, and pest-free. Collect and graft at the same time.
Grafting Techniques It is best to graft from around bud break in spring to the leaf expansion stage. Generally in mid-to-late March; if axillary buds do not sprout, the time can be extended. Grafting methods include: cleft grafting, cut grafting, and bud grafting. Cleft grafting is mostly used for thick branches. First, split open at the graft union with a cleft grafting knife or sharp axe, insert a wooden wedge in the center of the split, cut the scion to about 10 cm long, whittle the base into a wedge shape, insert into the split, and align the cambium layers on the outer side. One scion can be grafted on each side of the split. After grafting, gently pull out the wooden wedge. Cut grafting involves making a longitudinal cut slightly into the wood at the graft union, cutting the scion to about 5 cm long, whittling the two sides of the base into one long and one short cut surface (the long surface about 3 cm, the short surface about 1.5 cm), inserting the short side facing outward into the cut, and aligning the cambium closely at one end. Bud grafting is used to fill gaps in branch groups where branches are missing, making the branch group complete. After grafting by any of the above methods, immediately wrap the graft union tightly with plastic film strips, and leave the scion exposed.
Post-Grafting Management
About 20 days after grafting, once the scions have survived, they will sprout and unfold leaves. Note: promptly remove sprouting buds on the rootstock. For those that did not survive, perform summer bud grafting at a suitable position on the rootstock. When the new shoots of the scion reach 50 cm, pinch the tips to increase branching and form the crown early.
Medicinal or Dietary Value of Magnolia liliiflora
The medical information and health dietary information on Hugarden are for reference only and cannot be used as a basis for diagnosis or medical treatment. Any health issues should be consulted with professional medical personnel, and treatment of any disease should follow doctor's orders.
Ultimate flower care mission: Love yourself, start from reality, and follow doctor's orders. For illness, do not be careless, do not delay, do not give up hope, face it bravely, warm the silent world with love, and nurture the flower field within your heart with care.
[Drug name]: Xinyi. [Aliases]: Linlan, Mulan, Guilan, Dulan, Ziyulan, Xinshen, Houtao, Fangmu, Xinzhi, Yingchun, Mubihua, Maoxinyi, Xinyitao, Jiangpuhua. [Source]: This product is the dried flower buds of Magnolia biondii, Magnolia denudata, or Magnolia sprengeri of the family Magnoliaceae. [Harvesting and processing]: Harvest in late winter to early spring when flowers have not yet opened, remove branches and stems, and dry in the shade. [Efficacy]: Headache, waist pain, brain pain, rhinitis, and other conditions; can be used as an analgesic. The bark contains magnoflorine, which has the effect of paralyzing motor nerve endings. [Medicinal properties and meridian tropism]: Pungent, warm. Enters the Lung and Stomach meridians. [Dosage and administration]: Internal use: decoct in soup, 1-3 qian; or make into pills or powder. [External use]: Grind into powder and insert into the nose, or soak in water and distill for nasal drops. [Contraindications]: 1. Contraindicated for those with yin deficiency and excessive fire. 2. 'Collective Annotations to the Classic of Materia Medica': Chuanxiong serves as its guide. It is antagonistic to Wushizhi. It is incompatible with Changpu, Puhuang, Huanglian, Shigao, and Huanhuan. 3. 'Benjing Shuyi': Contraindicated for all persons with qi deficiency; contraindicated for headache due to blood deficiency and excessive fire; contraindicated for toothache due to stomach fire. 4. 'Bencao Huiyan': Persons with qi deficiency, even if they occasionally contract wind-cold causing blockage of the orifices, should not use it.
Distribution Area of Magnolia liliiflora
Native to Fujian, Hubei, Sichuan, and northwestern Yunnan in China.
Growing on mountain slopes and forest edges at altitudes of 300-1,600 m.
This species is a traditional flower of China with over two thousand years of history. It is cultivated in all major cities in China and has been introduced to cities in Europe and America. Its flower colors are gorgeous and it is renowned both domestically and internationally. [4] Main cultivation bases include Shuyang in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, and other places.
Magnolia liliiflora Pictures
Magnolia liliiflora Pictures and Introduction
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Scientific name: Magnolia liliiflora, of the genus Magnolia in the family Magnoliaceae, also known as magnolia and xinyi, is a plant endemic to China. It is distributed in Yunnan, Fujian, Hubei, Sichuan, and other places in China, growing at altitudes of 300 m to 1,600 m, generally on mountain slopes and forest edges. Magnolia liliiflora has gorgeous, delightful flowers with a delicate fragrance. It looks beautiful whether planted as a solitary specimen or in groups. With its graceful tree form and abundant branches and flowers, it is an excellent garden and street landscaping plant. It is a traditional flower and traditional Chinese medicine with over 2,000 years of history in China. Magnolia liliiflora is listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants, ver 3.2: 2009. It is also difficult to transplant and maintain, making it a very precious flowering tree.
Morphological Characteristics
Deciduous shrub, up to 3 m tall, often growing in clumps. Bark gray-brown; young branches green-purple or light brown-purple. Leaves elliptic-obovate or obovate, 8-18 cm long, 3-10 cm wide, apex acute or acuminate, base gradually narrowed and extending down along the petiole to the stipule scar, dark green above with sparse short pubescence when young, gray-green below with short pubescence along the veins; lateral veins 8-10 per side; petiole 8-20 mm long; stipule scar about half the length of the petiole. Flower buds ovoid, covered with pale yellow silky hairs; flowers opening simultaneously with leaves, flask-shaped, erect on thick, hairy pedicels, slightly fragrant; tepals 9-12, outer whorl of 3 sepal-like, purple-green, lanceolate, 2-3.5 cm long, often caducous, inner two whorls fleshy, purple or purple-red outside, white on the inner surface, petal-like, elliptic-obovate, 8-10 cm long, 3-4.5 cm wide; stamens purple-red, 8-10 mm long, anthers about 7 mm long, laterally dehiscent, connective extending into a short tip; gynoecium about 1.5 cm long, light purple, glabrous. Aggregate fruit dark purple-brown, turning brown, cylindrical, 7-10 cm long; mature follicles nearly spherical, with a short beak at the apex. Flowering period March to April, fruiting period August to September.
Brief Description
Magnolia liliiflora is a deciduous shrub of the genus Magnolia in the family Magnoliaceae. It grows 3 to 5 m tall in the ground and 1 to 1.5 m tall in containers. It often grows in clumps. The leaves are obovate or elliptical. The flowers are solitary at the branch tips, bell-shaped, with 9 tepals arranged in 3 whorls of 3. They are purple or purple-red. In spring, flowers appear before leaves or simultaneously with leaves. Magnolia liliiflora prefers light and is not shade-tolerant; it is relatively cold-hardy and prefers fertile, moist, well-drained soil. It dislikes clayey soil and is not salt-alkali tolerant; it has fleshy roots and dislikes
waterlogging; its root system is well-developed with strong sprouting ability.
Magnolia liliiflora is native to central China. It has been cultivated for a long time for ornamental purposes. It was a precious ornamental flower in the courtyards of Jiangnan in the past, with a cultivation history of over 2,500 years. Magnolia liliiflora blooms every year in early spring. The flowers open before the leaves or rarely simultaneously with the leaves. Although the deciduous branches still bear traces of winter, the branch tips are covered with magnificent purple flowers. Each flower stands gracefully, as if carved from powder and jade, elegant and ethereal, competing in beauty. The fragrance is pleasant, and the corolla is large, purple or purple-red, bell-shaped, with elegance shining through the purple, very delicate and charming, with an enticing fragrance. The flowers last about one month, creating a magnificent sight. If white magnolia is like a noble princess, then Magnolia liliiflora is like a fashionable woman.
The flower buds of Magnolia liliiflora can be used as medicine, and the flowers can be used to extract natural essence for cosmetics. It grows about 3 m tall, with flowers and leaves opening simultaneously. In Beijing's Summer Palace, there are Magnolia liliiflora over a hundred years old. This species is native to Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, and other provinces. The flower buds of Magnolia liliiflora are used as medicine. Propagation is mostly by division. Other habits and uses are the same as those of Magnolia denudata.
Geographical Distribution
Native to Fujian, Hubei, Sichuan, and northwestern Yunnan in China. Growing on mountain slopes and forest edges at altitudes of 300-1,600 m. This species is a traditional flower of China with over two thousand years of history. It is cultivated in all major cities in China and has been introduced to cities in Europe and America. Its flower colors are gorgeous and it is renowned both domestically and internationally. [1]
Growing Environment
It prefers a warm, humid environment with plenty of sunlight. It is relatively cold-hardy but not drought-tolerant or salt-alkali tolerant. It fears waterlogging and requires fertile, well-drained sandy loam. [1]
Medicinal Information
Drug name: Xinyi.
Aliases: Linlan, Mulan, Guilan, Dulan, Ziyulan, Xinshen, Houtao, Fangmu, Xinzhi, Yingchun, Mubihua, Maoxinyi, Xinyitao, Jiangpuhua. Source:
This product is the dried flower buds of Magnolia biondii, Magnolia denudata, or Magnolia sprengeri of the family Magnoliaceae.
Harvesting and processing:
Harvest in late winter to early spring when flowers have not yet opened, remove branches and stems, and dry in the shade.
Efficacy:
, waist pain, brain pain, and other conditions; can be used as an analgesic. The bark contains magnoflorine, which has the effect of paralyzing motor nerve endings.
Medicinal properties and meridian tropism:
Pungent, warm. Enters the Lung and Stomach meridians.
Dosage and administration:
Internal use: decoct in soup, 1-3 qian; or make into pills or powder.
External use: Grind into powder and insert into the nose, or soak in water and distill for nasal drops.
Contraindications:
1. Contraindicated for those with yin deficiency and excessive fire.
2. 'Collective Annotations to the Classic of Materia Medica': Chuanxiong serves as its guide. It is antagonistic to Wushizhi. It is incompatible with Changpu, Puhuang, Huanglian, Shigao, and Huanhuan.
3. 'Benjing Shuyi': Contraindicated for all persons with qi deficiency; contraindicated for headache due to blood deficiency and excessive fire; contraindicated for toothache due to stomach fire.
4. 'Bencao Huiyan': Persons with qi deficiency, even if they occasionally contract wind-cold causing blockage of the orifices, should not use it.
Clinical Applications
Magnolia liliiflora for treating rhinitis: Take 50 g of xinyi, crush it, soak in alcohol for 3 days, filter, heat and evaporate the filtrate, concentrate into a viscous extract, mix well with 20 g of anhydrous lanolin, then add 100 g of petroleum jelly and mix well to make an ointment. When using, make into 12 x 3 cm oil gauze strips,
and insert into the nasal cavity. If the inferior turbinate is very hypertrophied and the gauze strip is difficult to insert, first apply 1% ephedrine drops and then insert. One end of the gauze strip should be left outside the nostril and fixed with adhesive tape to prevent it from slipping into the pharynx. Remove after 2-3 hours. Insert once daily or every other day, 10 times as one course of treatment. Generally, nasal ventilation begins to improve after 4-5 times, but some show effects only after 10 times. After nasal ventilation improves, continue inserting 5-10 more times to consolidate the effect.
Selected Formulas
1. For treating sinusitis: Xinyi half a liang, Ercha two qian and a half, Xiang one liang, mint leaves half a qian. Sun-dry all the above and grind into fine powder. Take two qian per dose, mix with scallion and tea water and take after meals. ('Jisheng Fang' Canger San)
2. For treating rhinitis and sinusitis: One: Xinyi three qian, three pieces. Boil together, eat the eggs and drink the soup. ('Compilation of Single and Verified Prescriptions Survey Data') Two: Xinyi four parts, Ebushicao one part. Soak in water for 4-8 hours, then distill, collect the aromatic water, and use as nasal drops. (Guangdong 'Compilation of Chinese Herbal
Medicine Prescriptions')
3. For treating nasal fistula with a mass growing in the nostril: Xinyi (dehaired) and Sangbaipi (honey-roasted) four liang each, Zhizi one liang, Zhishi, Jiegeng, and Baizhi two liang each.
Grind together into fine powder. Take two qian per dose, mix with light radish soup and take. ('Yangyi Daquan')
4. For treating nasal congestion with inability to breathe: Xinyi and Chuanxiong one liang each, Xixin (stems removed) seven qian and a half, Mutong half a liang. Grind the above into fine powder. Use a small amount each time, wrap in cotton and insert into the nose; replace when wet. Heals in five to seven days. ('Zhengzhi Zhunsheng' Chuanxiong San)
5. For treating nasal congestion with inability to smell fragrances: Zaojiao, Xinyi, and Shichangpu in equal parts. Grind into powder. Wrap in cotton and insert into the nose. ('Mei Shi Yanfang Xinbian')
6. For treating nasal swelling or sores (mostly due to alcohol toxicity): Xinyi one liang, Chuanhuanglian five qian, Lianqiao two liang. Lightly roast all, grind into powder. Take three qian after each meal, swallow with plain water. ('Miao Shi Fang Xuan')
7. For treating toothache, or swelling or gum erosion: Xinyi one liang, Shedangzi two liang, Qingyan five qian. Grind together into powder and apply. ('Bencao Huiyan')
8. For treating head and face swelling and itching like insects crawling (this belongs to wind-phlegm): Xinyi one liang, Baifuzi, Banxia, Tianhuafen, Baizhi, Jiangcan, Xuanshen, and Chishao five qian each, Bohe eight qian. Divide into ten doses. ('Gujin Yizhun')
9. For treating dizziness and nausea (this belongs to cold-phlegm): Xinyi one liang, prepared Banxia, Danxing, Tianma, Ganjiang, and Chuanxiong eight qian each. Grind into powder, form into pills with water. Take three qian each evening, swallow with plain water. ('Bencao Huiyan')
Pharmacological Effects
1. Hypotensive effect: The water and alcohol extracts of dried xinyi flower bud powder have a hypotensive effect on animals (dogs, cats, rabbits, rats, etc.) via intraperitoneal and intramuscular injection. Intramuscular injection also produces a hypotensive effect in unanesthetized dogs; at 1 g/kg (calculated as crude drug), blood pressure is reduced by more than about 40%. It also produces a hypotensive effect in rats with experimental renal hypertension, but the effect is not obvious in dogs with renal hypertension. However, it has a significant hypotensive effect in dogs with senile essential hypertension. The hypotensive component is the portion transferred to diethyl ether in the de-oiled aqueous solution. In terms of the hypotensive mechanism, it seems to have little relationship with the central nervous system, but rather acts by directly inhibiting the heart, especially by dilating blood vessels and blocking ganglia.
The hypotensive effect is not obvious when taken orally, possibly because the active ingredients are not easily absorbed. The root contains magnoflorine, hence the hypotensive effect.
2. Effect on striated muscle: The alkaloid crystals in Magnolia biondii flower buds have a curare-like effect on frog rectus abdominis muscle specimens; while the water decoction has the opposite effect, with an acetylcholine-like action. Comparative tests using different extraction methods on the above specimens proved that Magnolia biondii flower buds and Japanese-produced flower buds have the same properties. The former has a stronger effect.
3. Effect on the uterus: In experiments on isolated uterus of rats and rabbits, and in situ uterus and uterine fistula of dogs and rabbits, it was demonstrated that xinyi decoction and fluid extract have an excitatory effect on the uterus, and this effect appears at doses that do not significantly affect blood pressure or respiration. It is also stated that the uterus-exciting component contained in xinyi is a non-volatile substance soluble in water and ethanol.
4. Other effects: 15-30% xinyi decoction has an inhibitory effect on various pathogenic fungi. The infusion or decoction has a local anesthetic effect on animals (infiltration anesthesia in guinea pigs and block anesthesia in frogs). Japanese Magnolia kobus has a significant antiviral effect on lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus both in vitro and in vivo (mice injected subcutaneously with its decoction).
Identification
1. The powder of this product is gray-green or light yellow-green. Non-glandular hairs are very numerous, scattered, mostly broken; complete ones have 2-4 cells, also single cells, wall thickness 4-13 μm, basal cells short and thick, swollen, cell walls extremely thickened like stone cells. Stone cells mostly in groups, elliptical, irregular, or branched, wall thickness 4-20 μm, pits and canals not very obvious. Brown-yellow secretions visible in the cell lumen. Oil cells numerous, nearly round,
some with visible tiny oil droplets. Bract epidermal cells flat-square, anticlinal walls beaded.
2. Take 1 g of the coarse powder of this product, add 10 ml of chloroform, stopper tightly, sonicate for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 2 ml of chloroform as the test solution. Separately, take magnolin reference standard, add methanol to make a solution containing 1 mg per 1 ml as the reference solution. According to the thin-layer chromatography method (Appendix VI B), apply 2-10 μl each of the above two solutions to the same silica gel H thin-layer plate with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as binder, use chloroform-diethyl ether (5:1) as developing solvent, develop, remove, dry, spray with 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution, heat at 90°C until spots are clearly visible. In the chromatogram of the test solution, at the position corresponding to the reference solution, the same purple-red spot is shown.
Content Determination
Magnolia liliiflora volatile oil: Determine according to the volatile oil determination method (Appendix X D). This product contains no less than 1.0% (ml/g) of volatile oil.
Magnolin: Determine according to the high-performance liquid chromatography method (Appendix VI D). The theoretical plate number calculated on the magnolin peak should be no less than 9,000.
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test: Use octyl-bonded silica gel as filler; acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran-water (35:1:64) as mobile phase; detection wavelength at 278 nm.
Calculated on the dried basis, this product contains no less than 0.40% of magnolin (C23H28O7).
Preparation of reference solution: Precisely weigh an appropriate amount of magnolin reference standard dried under reduced pressure at 60°C to constant weight, add methanol to make a solution containing 0.1 mg of magnolin per 1 ml.
Preparation of the test solution: Take about 1 g of the coarse powder of this product, weigh accurately, place in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 20 ml of ethyl acetate, weigh to determine the weight, soak for 30 minutes, ultrasonicate (power 250 W, frequency 33 kHz) for 30 minutes, allow to cool, weigh again, make up for the lost weight with methanol, shake well, filter, accurately measure 3 ml of the subsequent filtrate, apply to a neutral alumina column (100-200 mesh, 2 g, inner diameter 9 mm, packed by the wet method, pre-washed with 5 ml of ethyl acetate), elute with 15 ml of methanol, collect the eluate, place in a 25 ml volumetric flask, add methanol to the mark, shake well, filter through a microporous membrane (0.45 μm), and the solution is obtained.
Determination method: Accurately draw 4-10 μl each of the reference solution and the test solution, inject into a liquid chromatograph, and determine, and the result is obtained.
Literature discussion
1. Compendium of Materia Medica: The lungs open into the nose, and the stomach meridian of Yangming encircles the nose and runs upward; the brain is the residence of the original spirit, and the nose is the orifice of the gate of life. When a person's central qi is insufficient and the clear yang fails to rise, the head droops and the nine orifices are impaired. The pungent and warm nature of Xinyi (Magnolia biondii flower bud) travels in the qi and enters the lungs; it can help the clear yang in the stomach rise upward and communicate with heaven. Therefore, it can warm the middle and treat diseases of the head, face, eyes, and nose.
2. Materia Medica Jing Shu: Xinyi treats alternating cold and heat of the five zang organs and the body, wind-related headache, facial blemishes, releases the flesh, and unblocks nasal congestion and nasal discharge. Facial swelling extending to toothache is caused by wind pathogens affecting the two meridians; the foot Yangming governs the muscles, and the hand Taiyin governs the skin and hair. When wind pathogens strike a person, they must pass from the skin, hair, and muscles to reach the five zang organs and transform into alternating cold and heat. Moreover, the nose is the orifice of the lungs, and the head is the head of all yang; the vessels of the three yang meet at the head and face. When wind lodges in the yang division, it causes headache, facial deviation, nasal congestion, nasal discharge, and facial swelling extending to toothache. Pungent and warm can release the flesh and dissipate the exterior; aromatic can ascend to the head and eyes and expel wind pathogens from the yang division, so all the symptoms heal on their own. Dizziness and a sense of unsteadiness as if on a cart or boat are the signs of wind's movement and shaking; when the wind pathogen disperses and the central qi is warm, the nine orifices become unobstructed. When severe wind strikes a person, the hair falls out; when wind-dampness invades, worms arise in the intestines and stomach; dispersing wind and resolving dampness allows the beard and hair to grow and the worms to depart on their own.
3. New Compilation of Materia Medica: Xinyi unblocks the orifices and ascends to the brain, treating nasal congestion and sinusitis; it has no other use, and it may be kept for standby use. Moreover, if pungent and dispersing substances are used too much, the true qi may be damaged, so it can be used temporarily but not for a long time.
4. Benjing Xushu: If there is no alternating cold and heat of the five zang organs and the body, but there is wind-related headache, this is yang excess at the extreme top that cannot intersect with yin and transforms into wind
, and it is not something Xinyi can treat. If there is alternating cold and heat of the five zang organs and the body but no wind-related headache, this is pathogenic qi connecting the interior and exterior and not penetrating outward with yang qi, and it is also not something Xinyi can treat. Only when wind-related headache belongs to alternating cold and heat of the five zang organs and the body can Xinyi be used to treat it.
5. Shennong Bencao Jing: Mainly treats wind with alternating cold and heat of the five zang organs and the body, and headache.
6. Mingyi Bielu: Warms the middle and releases the flesh, benefits the nine orifices, unblocks nasal congestion and nasal discharge, treats facial swelling extending to toothache, dizziness, and a sense of unsteadiness as if on a cart or boat. Promotes beard and hair growth and removes white worms.
7. Yaoxing Lun: Can treat facial vesicles. Used in facial ointments, it governs luster.
8. Rihuazi Bencao: Unblocks the joints and vessels and brightens the eyes. Treats headache, aversion to cold, body rigidity, and itching.
9. Diannan Bencao: Treats brain leakage and sinusitis, dispels wind; roast on a new tile and grind into powder. Treats facial cold pain and stomach qi pain; take with hot wine.
10. Compendium of Materia Medica: For sinusitis, nasal obstruction, nasal sores, and post-smallpox nasal sores, all are treated by grinding into powder, adding a little musk, and dipping with scallion white to insert several times.
11. Yuqiu Yaojie: Drains the lungs and directs counterflow downward, regulates qi and breaks congestion.
12. Jiangxi Chinese Materia Medica: External use can promote uterine contraction and has a labor-inducing effect.
Cultivation techniques
Potting soil: Magnolia liliiflora prefers loose, fertile acidic to slightly acidic soil. Leaf mold and vegetable garden soil can be mixed in equal amounts as the growing medium, and 50 to 150 g of bone meal or nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer can be added to the soil. The pot should be somewhat deep and large, and some crushed hard plastic foam blocks should be placed at the bottom of the pot to enhance air permeability and drainage and prevent root rot. Repot and change the soil once every year or every other year after flowering, retaining 1/2 to 1/3 of the old soil.
Water and fertilizer: Magnolia liliiflora likes moisture and fears waterlogging, so timely and appropriate watering is very important. From the Start of Spring to flowering, keep the potting soil moist but not wet; after flowering, keep the potting soil moist but not waterlogged; after leaf fall, keep the potting soil slightly moist but not dry. At no time should it be drought-stricken or waterlogged; especially in the rainy season, pay attention to drainage and waterlogging prevention.
Magnolia liliiflora likes fertilizer. Fertilization should grasp the two key times: 2 months before flowering and 5 months after flowering. Apply nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer about once every ten days. The former makes the buds swell and the flowers bloom, while the latter promotes more flower bud formation and more flowers the following spring. When leaves fall in early winter, apply a fertilizer mainly based on phosphorus and potassium once to enhance its cold resistance and overwintering ability; at other times, apply little or no fertilizer. Avoid applying nitrogen fertilizer alone.
Light and temperature: Magnolia liliiflora likes light. Place it in a sunny courtyard or roof garden; with more sunlight it grows robustly and luxuriantly. Although it can also grow under semi-shade, it is thinner and weaker and bears fewer flowers; in too much shade it will not flower. It is relatively cold-resistant, and in Beijing and areas to the south it can overwinter outdoors.
Pruning: Magnolia liliiflora has strong root sprouting ability. If propagation is not needed, cut the sprouts as they grow, and keep 3 main stems per pot. For branches that are too tall and too long, they can be shortened just after leaves expand after flowering. Because its wound-healing ability is poor, after pruning apply sulfur powder for antisepsis; if unnecessary, do not prune. After flowering, if seeds are not needed for propagation, cut off the faded flowers together with the pedicel.
Propagation: Commonly propagated by division, layering, and sowing. After flowering, together with repotting and changing soil, take the plant out, use sharp scissors or a knife to cut off the rooted suckers at the base and plant them separately. Transplanting can be carried out in autumn or before flowering in early spring; small seedlings should be dipped in mud slurry, and large seedlings must be moved with a soil ball. Apply fertilizer once each before and after flowering, mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. In the high-temperature summer and dry autumn seasons, maintain soil moisture. After flowering and before new shoots sprout, cut off dead branches and dense branches and shorten excessive-growing branches. For sowing, collect seeds in September, store them in sand in winter, and sow in spring the following year; germination occurs 20-30 days after sowing. [2]
Grafting cultivation
Selection and treatment of Magnolia liliiflora rootstock
The rootstock should be selected from inferior varieties at the early bud stage or full bud stage that do not form buds or form fewer buds. First, saw off the crown from the main branches and the central leader
. The horizontal heights from the ground should be similar to avoid imbalance in the vigor of the main branches caused by apical dominance; the upper main branches should be shorter than the lower main branches, and the height of the central leader should be slightly higher than the highest main branch. The grafting interface should be selected at a smooth place, and the saw cut should be smoothed with a grafting knife.
Selection and treatment of scions
The scions should be selected from single plants of superior varieties such as Houbazhang Chuanyu, Damaotao Chuanyu, or Ermaotao Chuanyu, choosing robust, well-developed, pest-free one-year-old branches, collected as grafting proceeds.
The grafting technique is preferably carried out from before and after bud break in spring to the leaf expansion stage. Generally in mid-to-late March, if the axillary buds do not germinate, the time can be extended. Grafting methods include: cleft grafting, cut grafting, and bud grafting. Cleft grafting is mostly used for thick branches. First split open at the interface with a cleft grafting knife or sharp axe, insert a wooden peg in the center of the cleft, cut the scion to about 10 cm long, whittle the base into a wedge shape, insert it into the cleft, and align the outer cambium layers with each other. One scion can be grafted on each side of each cleft. After grafting, gently pull out the wooden peg. Cut grafting is to make a longitudinal cut slightly into the xylem at the interface, cut the scion to about 5 cm long, whittle the two sides of the base into one long and one short cut surface (the long surface about 3 cm, the short surface about 1.5 cm), insert the short surface facing outward into the incision, and align the cambium closely at one end. Bud grafting is used to fill gaps at missing branches within a branch group so that the branch group is complete. After grafting by the above methods, immediately wrap the interface tightly and securely with plastic film strips, and let the scion remain exposed.
Post-grafting management After the scions survive about 20 days after grafting, they can sprout and expand leaves. Note that the sprouting buds on the rootstock should be removed in time. For those that do not survive, summer bud grafting should be carried out at a suitable position on the rootstock. When the new shoots of the scion reach 50 cm, they can be pinched to increase branching and form a crown early.
Economic value
The bark, leaves, and flower buds of Magnolia liliiflora can all be used as medicine; the dried flower buds are called Xinyi, with a fragrant odor and pungent taste, containing citral
, eugenol, and cineole as the main volatile oils. It mainly treats rhinitis and headache and is used as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. It has been a traditional Chinese medicine in China for more than 2,000 years, and is also used as a grafting rootstock for Magnoliaceae plants such as Yulan magnolia and Michelia alba.
Magnolia liliiflora not only has large, gorgeous, and beautiful flowers, graceful flower posture, delicate fragrance, and high ornamental value, with few pests and diseases, but its flower buds, named Xinyi, have always been the main medicine used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat nasal diseases. They are picked at the bud stage before flowering and dried in a well-ventilated place for later use. Li Shizhen in the Compendium of Materia Medica gave an affirmative discussion of its therapeutic effect on nasal diseases. Modern research has proved that the volatile oil contained in Xinyi has a contracting effect on the blood vessels of the nasal mucosa and can promote the absorption of secretions, thereby improving nasal ventilation function. To treat acute and chronic rhinitis and sinusitis, take 10 g each of Xinyi and Xanthium sibiricum fruit, wrap in gauze and decoct, and use the concentrated juice as nasal drops, 3 or 4 times daily; the effect is good. [2]
Horticultural landscape
Magnolia liliiflora is a famous early-spring ornamental flower and tree. When it blooms in early spring, the whole tree is covered with purplish-red flowers, with a quiet and graceful posture and a distinctive charm. It is suitable for planting in front of halls and behind courtyards in classical gardens, and can also be planted alone or scattered in small courtyards. [1]
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