When is the planting time for the medicinal plant Paris polyphylla (Chonglou)?
Paris polyphylla grows on hillside forests and in the shaded, moist areas of thickets. It likes warmth, moisture and shade, but is also cold-resistant and drought-tolerant; it fears frost and direct sunlight. The average annual temperature for growing it is 13-18°C. Sandy soil and loam with a relatively high content of organic matter and humus are both suitable for planting, and riversides, ravine edges and shaded hillsides are especially suitable. Now let us take a look together at the planting time for Paris polyphylla!
Seed treatment of Paris polyphylla
Paris polyphylla seeds have a long dormancy period and a low natural germination rate. Artificial methods are used to break dormancy, increase the germination rate and shorten the growth cycle. The method is to combine variable-temperature stratification with plant hormone treatment to break dormancy, and to investigate the effects of temperature, substrate and light on its germination. The results showed that Paris polyphylla embryos have a secondary dormancy phenomenon. After variable-temperature cold stratification with fine sand, followed by treatment with 50-100 mg·L of GA for 24 hours, using fine sand as the substrate, and germinating at 20°C for 60 days, the germination rate can reach more than 90%.
Planting time of Paris polyphylla
1. Direct seeding: The direct seeding time for Paris polyphylla is usually in early to mid-January, after thorough rain. On the prepared seedbed surface, small shallow holes 3-5 cm deep are made with a row spacing of 30-35 cm and a plant spacing of 20-25 cm. A narrow bed 130 cm wide takes 4 rows, and a wide bed 150 cm wide takes 1 row. Before sowing, soak the seeds in cold water for 24 hours, mix with plant ash and sow. Put 2-3 seeds in each hole, then cover with 2-3 cm of fertile soil made of half fine manure and half fine soil. Water promptly if the soil is dry; seedlings emerge in 7-10 days.
2. Seedling raising and transplanting: The seedling raising time for Paris polyphylla is usually in early April. Choose a seedbed in dry land or vegetable garden land with a water source. Before digging the soil, it is best to disinfect the soil by spreading 5-10 g per sq m of 40% quintozene mixed with fine soil. After leveling and finely breaking up the bed surface, open sowing furrows about 5 cm deep at a row spacing of 15 cm on the bed surface, sow in the furrows at a plant spacing of 5 cm, then cover with 3 cm of soil, cover with 2 cm of fine manure, water thoroughly and cover with plastic film; seedlings can emerge in 5-7 days. One month after raising seedlings, transplant the small seedlings into the field according to the direct seeding specifications.
3. Rhizome planting: In autumn and winter, dig up robust rhizomes free of pests and diseases and store them in sand in a cool, dry place. Take them out in early to mid-April of the following year. According to the characteristics of sprout-bearing residual stems and bud scars, cut them into small sections, making sure each section carries 1 bud scar. After cutting, dry them properly and mix with plant ash, then plant them in rows in the seedbed as when sowing, and cover with plastic film. After 15-20 days, when roots and sprouts have formed, transplant them into the field in mid to late May according to the direct seeding specifications.
Planting management of Paris polyphylla
1. Thinning: In mid to late May, thin the directly seeded plot, and at the same time check the holes and fill gaps. Water before thinning, pry out the seedlings with a wooden stick, and water with rooting water when filling gaps. Make full use of small seedlings to ensure a full stand and sufficient density.
2. Cultivation: Paris polyphylla requires loose soil. The above-ground part grows weakly, so special attention must be paid to loosening the soil and weeding. From late May to early June there is a lot of heavy rain, and the soil tends to harden, so drain promptly, prevent waterlogging, cultivate frequently, loosen the soil shallowly, and remove weeds at all times.
3. Weeding: After the seedlings are uniform or after transplanting, weed and loosen the soil promptly. Hoe frequently and shallowly to avoid damaging the roots and affecting growth. Usually cover the bed surface with grass to retain moisture.
4. Fertilizing: For cultivated Paris polyphylla, the base fertilizer used accounts for 70-80% of the total fertilizer and must be applied into the soil before transplanting. Later topdressing can only account for about 20% of the total fertilizer. After the seedlings emerge each year, apply human feces water once as topdressing. Do not use or use little chemical fertilizer, and the use of chemical nitrogen fertilizer is prohibited.
5. Water management: Paris polyphylla likes a shady, moist environment. The bed surface and soil layer must be kept moist. In the dry season, water promptly; at ordinary times, spray water at intervals. In the rainy season, dredge ditches and drain promptly to prevent water accumulation in the field and induce disease.
6. Removing flower stems: To reduce nutrient consumption and concentrate nutrients on the growth of the underground tubers, when flower stems appear in May-June, all flower stems should be cut off promptly except those kept for seed, so as to increase yield.
7. Shading: Paris polyphylla likes shade and fears strong light. Throughout the whole growth period, a light transmittance of 40-50% is best. Therefore, after emergence and transplanting, shading measures must be taken. Where conditions permit, shade nets are best; where conditions do not permit, inserting branches for shade can be used, and tall crops such as corn can also be interplanted between rows for shade, but attention must be paid to density and the interplanting and relay-cropping methods.
8. Earthing up: Paris polyphylla usually has a growth pattern in which the top flowers while the tubers below swell. Generally, swelling is fastest from mid to late June to August. In early June, heavy topdressing must be applied: 2000-3000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu, plus 20-30 kg of calcium superphosphate, applied to the roots and then combined with ditch cleaning and heavy earthing up. The soil earthed up must be loose, keeping the bed surface and ditch bottom free of standing water.
9. Harvesting: Paris polyphylla can be harvested in autumn before and after the stems fall, that is, from November-December to before March of the following year. The tubers mostly grow in the surface soil layer and are easy to dig, but care must be taken to keep the tubers intact. First cut off the stems and leaves, then dig from the side with a hoe, dig out the tubers, shake off the soil, scrub clean with clean water, and slice while fresh, with a slice thickness of 2-3 mm, then sun-dry. On cloudy days, they can be dried over a low fire at about 30°C.
A comprehensive reference guide to the cultivation techniques of Paris polyphylla
Today the editor brings you a method for growing a very special plant. The plant is called Paris polyphylla. As its name suggests, it has about 7 leaves, and a flower blooms in the middle of the leaves. Isn't it very interesting? Paris polyphylla has considerable medicinal value, such as clearing heat and detoxifying, reducing swelling and relieving pain. So many regions choose to grow Paris polyphylla. Below, let us look together at the cultivation method compiled by the editor. How should such an interesting plant be grown?
Cultivation techniques
Paris polyphylla is mainly grown from seed, and can also be grown from rhizomes.
Paris polyphylla does not have strict requirements for macroclimate and soil type, but it strives for a special microclimate for growth and development, so site selection is most important. It is most ideal to choose shaded gentle slope land or flat land with relatively short sunshine, and night-damp soil, gray bubble soil or humus soil that is loose in texture and relatively strong in both water retention and water permeability. The Paris polyphylla root system is not deep. After preparing the land, form beds 120-150 cm wide, apply 3,000-5,000 kg of farmyard manure or forest humus per mu, then scoop ditches and cover with fertilizer, turn and hoe once so that the fertile soil in the plow layer is uniform, and level and finely break up the soil ready for planting. It likes a cool, shady and moist environment. It is suitable for planting in fertile sandy loam or humus loam. Propagate by seed and rhizome. For seed propagation, when the seeds mature in September and October, sow immediately after collecting, in drills or broadcast, covering with 4-5 fen of soil. Cultivate for 2-3 years and transplant in spring or late autumn. For rhizome propagation, at harvest time cut off 3-5 nodes of the bud tip and plant in furrows, with a row and plant spacing of 8×4 cun. During the growth period, weed, loosen the soil and water promptly. Topdressing can be carried out after seedlings emerge in the spring of the second year, mainly with nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer.
I. Seed planting
Direct seeding is best, but in order to save seeds and achieve high yield through close planting, seed seedling raising and transplanting can be used.
(1) Direct seeding: In mid to late May, after thorough rain, on the prepared bed surface, make small shallow holes 3-5 cm deep with a row spacing of 30-35 cm and a plant spacing of 20-25 cm. A narrow bed 130 cm wide takes 4 rows, and a wide bed 150 cm wide takes 5 rows. Before sowing, soak the seeds in cold water for 24 hours, mix with plant ash and sow. Put 2-3 seeds in each hole, and after sowing cover with 2-3 cm of fertile soil made of half fine manure and half fine soil. Water promptly if the soil is dry; seedlings emerge in 7-10 days.
(2) Seedling raising and transplanting: This is an important measure to save seeds and keep to the season. In early April, choose a seedbed in dry land or vegetable garden land with a water source. Before digging the soil, it is best to disinfect the soil by spreading 5-10 g per sq m of 40% quintozene mixed with fine soil, then repeatedly dig and turn the surface soil layer. After leveling and finely breaking up the bed surface, open sowing furrows about 5 cm deep at a row spacing of 15 cm on the bed surface, sow in the furrows at a plant spacing of 5 cm, then cover with 3 cm of soil, cover with 2 cm of fine manure, water thoroughly and cover with plastic film; seedlings can emerge in 5-7 days. One month after raising seedlings, transplant the small seedlings into the field according to the direct seeding specifications.
Seed germination characteristics: Paris polyphylla is a precious Chinese medicinal material, and wild resources are extremely scarce. The seeds have a long dormancy period and a low natural germination rate. Artificial methods are used to break dormancy, increase the germination rate and shorten the growth cycle. Method: combine variable-temperature stratification with plant hormone treatment to break dormancy, and investigate the effects of temperature, substrate and light on its germination. Results: it was found that Paris polyphylla embryos have a secondary dormancy phenomenon. After variable-temperature cold stratification with fine sand, followed by treatment with 50-100 mg·L of GA for 24 hours, using fine sand as the substrate, and germinating at 20°C for 60 days, the germination rate can reach more than 90%.
II. Rhizome planting
In autumn and winter, dig up robust rhizomes free of pests and diseases and store them in sand in a cool, dry place. Take them out in early to mid-April of the following year. According to the characteristics of sprout-bearing residual stems and bud scars, cut them into small sections, making sure each section carries 1 bud scar. After cutting, dry them properly and mix with plant ash, then plant them in rows in the seedbed as when sowing, and cover with plastic film. After 15-20 days, when roots and sprouts have formed, transplant them into the field in mid to late May according to the direct seeding specifications.
III. Field management
(1) Thinning and filling gaps: In mid to late May, thin the directly seeded plot, and at the same time check the holes and fill gaps. Water before thinning, pry out the seedlings with a wooden stick, and water with rooting water when filling gaps. Make full use of small seedlings to ensure a full stand and sufficient density.
(2) Cultivation and weeding: Paris polyphylla requires loose soil. The above-ground part grows weakly, so special attention must be paid to loosening the soil and weeding. From late May to early June there is a lot of heavy rain, and the soil tends to harden, so drain promptly, prevent waterlogging, cultivate frequently, loosen the soil shallowly, and remove weeds at all times.
Weeding: After the seedlings are uniform or after transplanting, weed and loosen the soil promptly. Hoe frequently and shallowly to avoid damaging the roots and affecting growth. Usually cover the bed surface with grass to retain moisture.
(3) Fertilizing: For cultivated Paris polyphylla, the base fertilizer used accounts for 70-80% of the total fertilizer and must be applied into the soil before transplanting. Later topdressing can only account for about 20% of the total fertilizer. After the seedlings emerge each year, apply human feces water once as topdressing. Do not use or use little chemical fertilizer, and the use of chemical nitrogen fertilizer is prohibited.
(4) Water management: Paris polyphylla likes a shady, moist environment. The bed surface and soil layer must be kept moist. In the dry season, water promptly; at ordinary times, spray water at intervals. In the rainy season, dredge ditches and drain promptly to prevent water accumulation in the field and induce disease.
(5) Removing flower stems: To reduce nutrient consumption and concentrate nutrients on the growth of the underground tubers, when flower stems appear in May-June, all flower stems should be cut off promptly except those kept for seed, so as to increase yield.
(6) Shading: Paris polyphylla likes shade and fears strong light. Throughout the whole growth period, a light transmittance of 40%-50% is best. Therefore, after emergence and transplanting, shading measures must be taken. Where conditions permit, shade nets are best; where conditions do not permit, inserting branches for shade can be used, and tall crops such as corn can also be interplanted between rows for shade, but attention must be paid to density and the interplanting and relay-cropping methods.
(7) Earthing up: Paris polyphylla usually has a growth pattern in which the top flowers while the tubers below swell. Generally, swelling is fastest from mid to late June to August. In early June, heavy topdressing must be applied: 2,000-3,000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu, plus 20-30 kg of calcium superphosphate, applied to the roots and then combined with ditch cleaning and heavy earthing up. The soil earthed up must be loose, keeping the bed surface and ditch bottom free of standing water.
IV. Harvesting and processing
Tubers grown from Paris polyphylla seeds are harvested after 5 years for medicinal use, and tubers grown from tubers are harvested after 3 years for medicinal use. In autumn before and after the stems fall, that is, from November-December to before March of the following year, they can all be harvested. Paris polyphylla tubers mostly grow in the surface soil layer and are easy to dig, but care must be taken to keep the tubers intact. First cut off the stems and leaves, then dig from the side with a hoe, dig out the tubers, shake off the soil, scrub clean with clean water, and slice while fresh, with a slice thickness of 2-3 mm, then sun-dry. On cloudy days, they can be dried over a low fire at about 30°C.
Legend says that the seven leaves of Paris polyphylla are the silk scarves of the seven fairies, and the flower in the middle is the jade hairpin of the Queen Mother of the West. They used the silk scarves and jade hairpin to save Shen Jianshan, who had been bitten by a venomous snake. When the villagers asked what medicine it was, Shen Jianshan told them: "Paris polyphylla." The above is the legend of Paris polyphylla. It seems that since ancient times, the medicinal value of Paris polyphylla has been relatively high. The editor's introduction to its cultivation method ends here, and I hope it can help everyone with cultivation.
Paris polyphylla Paris polyphylla Sm. Paris polyphylla illustrated guide: how to grow Paris polyphylla / how to propagate Paris polyphylla
Paris polyphylla profileParis polyphylla Paris polyphylla Sm.
Aliases: Zaoxiu, Chonglou, Jinpan Tuo Lizhi, Qiyelian
Classification: perennial herbaceous flower
Family and genus: Plantae, Angiosperms, Monocotyledoneae, Liliales, Melanthiaceae, Paris
Full bloom period: summer
Paris polyphylla, also known as Zaoxiu, Chonglou, Jinpan Tuo Lizhi and Qiyelian, is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Liliaceae family. Its rhizome is used as medicine, and it has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, reducing swelling and relieving pain. Because of its good curative effect, a medicinal proverb circulated in the mountainous areas of Zhejiang: "Paris polyphylla, grab any unnamed swelling and toxin." Among the people it is mostly used to treat unnamed swellings and toxins and venomous snake bites. In Li Shizhen's book Compendium of Materia Medica, a folk proverb was also collected: "Paris polyphylla, the deep mountains are my home; if carbuncles and sores meet me, it is like picking them up with a hand." Paris polyphylla can be considered an oddity among plants. Its greatest feature is that a flower emerges from a ring of whorled leaves. This is not yet strange; what is strange...
The cultivation method and precautions of Paris polyphylla, an introduction to Paris polyphylla
Paris polyphylla, also known as Zaoxiu, Chonglou, Jinpan Tuo Lizhi and Qiyelian, is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Liliaceae family. Its rhizome is used as medicine, and it has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, reducing swelling and relieving pain. Because of its good curative effect, a medicinal proverb circulated in the mountainous areas of Zhejiang: "Paris polyphylla, grab any unnamed swelling and toxin." Among the people it is mostly used to treat unnamed swellings and toxins and venomous snake bites. In Li Shizhen's book Compendium of Materia Medica, a folk proverb was also collected: "Paris polyphylla, the deep mountains are my home; if carbuncles and sores meet me, it is like picking them up with a hand."
Paris polyphylla can be considered an oddity among plants. Its greatest feature is that a flower emerges from a ring of whorled leaves. This is not yet strange; what is strange is that the shape of this flower is extremely similar to its leaves. It can be divided into two parts, the outer whorl of flowers and the inner whorl of flowers. The outer whorl of flowers is very similar to the leaves, about six pieces, while the inner whorl of flowers is about eight pieces, so you can tell at a glance. As for whether the whorled leaves of Paris polyphylla are necessarily made up of seven pieces, the answer is no; leaves of six pieces are also common.
The flowering period of Paris polyphylla is June-July, and the fruiting period is September-October.
Morphological characteristics of Paris polyphylla
Paris polyphylla is a perennial herb, with 6-10 whorled leaves, petioles 5-20 mm long, and thick papery leaf blades, lanceolate, ovate-oblong to obovate, 5-11 cm long and 2-4.5 cm wide. The pedicel is drawn out from the top of the stem, bearing a single terminal flower; the flower is bisexual, with sepals lanceolate or long ovate, green, 3.5-6 cm long; the tepals are linear and slightly lanceolate, yellow, about 1/2 of the sepals to nearly equal in length, and 2-6 mm wide above the middle; stamens 8-10, anthers 1-1.5 cm long, filaments shorter than the anthers, and the protruding part of the connective 1-2 mm. It grows in the shady, moist places under mountain forests or in roadside grass. It can be dug throughout the year for harvesting and processing, but autumn harvesting is best; sun-dry or slice and sun-dry.
Paris polyphylla is 50-100 cm tall. The rhizome is thick and robust, conical or cylindrical, up to 3 cm thick, with many ring-like nodes, brown, and with many fibrous roots. The stem is erect, cylindrical, unbranched, and often purplish at the base. Leaves 7-10, whorled at the top of the stem, oblong, elliptic or obovate-lanceolate, 7-15 cm long and 2.5-5 cm wide, apex acute or acuminate, base rounded, rarely cuneate, entire, glabrous; petioles 2-5 cm long, usually purplish.
The flower is solitary at the top of the stem, above the whorl of leaves; the pedicel is 5-16 (30) cm long; the outer tepals (sepals) are 4-6, large, leaf-like, elliptic-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, green, 3.5-8 cm long; the inner tepals (petals) are degenerate and linear, apex often acuminate, equal in length to the sepals or up to 2 times longer; stamens 8-12, filaments nearly equal in length to the anthers, the protruding part of the connective 0.5-1 (2) mm long; ovary conical, with 5-6 ridges; styles thick and short, 4-6, purple; capsule nearly spherical, dehiscing by 3-6 valves. Seeds numerous.
The flowering period of Paris polyphylla is June-July, and the fruiting period is September-October.
Shape
The rhizome is cylindrical, mostly relatively straight, and a few are curved. Diameter 1-6 cm, length 4.5-12 cm. The surface is yellow-brown, a few gray-brown, relatively smooth; the nodes are relatively sparse, with inconspicuous protrusions; stem scars are semicircular or oblate, irregularly arranged, with the surface relatively flat or slightly protruding. The texture is hard, not easy to break, and the fracture is powdery or keratinized.
Morphological characteristics
Paris polyphylla, also known as Chonglou, is the rhizome of the Liliaceae plant Paris polyphylla var. chinensis. Aliases: Zaoxiu, Chixiu, Chongtai Gen, Zhengxiu, Caoheche, Chongtai Cao, Baigan Sui, Jinxian Chonglou, Chonglou, Jiudao Gu, Yuanyang Chong, Zhihua Tou, Luosi Qi, Hailuo Qi, Dengtai Qi, Baiheche, Luotuo Sanqi (Hunan), Tu Sanqi.
The leaf arrangement of Paris polyphylla is whorled, and the number of leaves varies among individuals, ranging from 4 to 14; "seven-leaf" is only a name. The structure of the flower is special: the leaf center blooms in a whorl-like manner, the calyx is green, and the petals are in the form of thin ribbon-like strands. In Taiwan, China it was used in the early period to treat snake venom and sores, ulcers and swelling toxins and other symptoms. In March 2012, when Xie Donghan, village head of Dayan Village, Yuchi Township, Taiwan, China, was climbing in the mountains of the Sun Moon Lake area, he found nearly a hundred plants of "Paris polyphylla" growing in a moist depression.
Ecological habits of Paris polyphylla
Paris polyphylla, the deep mountains and night depressions are my home. This describes the breeding place of Paris polyphylla.
1. Geographical environment: Wild Paris polyphylla grows in valleys, beside streams and ravines, and in shady, moist places under broad-leaved forests in zones at an altitude of 700-1100 m.
2. Soil: It is best grown in loam rich in humus or fertile sandy loam, and cannot grow in alkaline soil or clay.
3. Moisture: It likes a cool, shady and moist environment with moderate moisture, and fears both drought and water accumulation.
4. Temperature: The plant is relatively cold-resistant, and low temperatures cause no freezing damage. From late February to early March, at a temperature of 5°C, or even at a minimum temperature of 2°C, it can still sprout and grow; at a temperature of 1 to -2°C, no freezing damage occurs to the buds.
5. Light: Paris polyphylla is a shade-loving plant. It likes oblique or diffused light and avoids direct strong light.
Cultivation techniques and key cultivation points of Paris polyphylla
Paris polyphylla likes a cool, shady and moist environment. It is suitable for planting in fertile sandy loam or humus loam. Propagate by seed and rhizome. For seed propagation, when the seeds mature in September and October, sow immediately after collecting, in drills or broadcast, covering with 4-5 fen of soil. Cultivate for 2-3 years and transplant in spring or late autumn. For rhizome propagation, at harvest time cut off 3-5 nodes of the bud tip and plant in furrows, with a row and plant spacing of 8*4 cun. During the growth period, weed, loosen the soil and water promptly. Topdressing can be carried out after seedlings emerge in the spring of the second year, mainly with nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer.
Artificial cultivation
Paris polyphylla has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, reducing swelling and relieving pain, and cooling the liver and calming fright. It mainly treats carbuncle swelling and sores, pharyngeal swelling and throat impediment, breast carbuncle, snake and insect bites, traumatic injuries and pain, and liver-heat convulsions. In the Zhuang medicine song formulas there is the saying "External auditory canal boils are often painful, Chonglou is ground with alcohol for use" and "Grow Paris polyphylla (Chonglou) at home, and you need not fear venomous snake bites."
Site selection and land preparation
Paris polyphylla does not have strict requirements for macroclimate and soil type, but it strives for a special microclimate for growth and development, so site selection is most important. It is most ideal to choose shaded gentle slope land or flat land with relatively short sunshine, and night-damp soil, gray bubble soil or humus soil that is loose in texture and relatively strong in both water retention and water permeability. The Paris polyphylla root system is not deep. After preparing the land, form beds 120-150 cm wide, apply 3000-5000 kg of farmyard manure or forest humus per mu, then scoop ditches and cover with fertilizer, turn and hoe once so that the fertile soil in the plow layer is uniform, and level and finely break up the soil ready for planting. It likes a cool, shady and moist environment. It is suitable for planting in fertile sandy loam or humus loam. Propagate by seed and rhizome. For seed propagation, when the seeds mature in September and October, sow immediately after collecting, in drills or broadcast, covering with 4-5 fen of soil. Cultivate for 2-3 years and transplant in spring or late autumn. For rhizome propagation, at harvest time cut off 3-5 nodes of the bud tip and plant in furrows, with a row and plant spacing of 8×4 cun. During the growth period, weed, loosen the soil and water promptly. Topdressing can be carried out after seedlings emerge in the spring of the second year, mainly with nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer.
Planting methods
Paris polyphylla is mainly grown from Paris polyphylla seeds, and can also be grown from rhizomes.
1. Seed planting.
Direct seeding is best, but in order to save seeds and achieve high yield through close planting, seed seedling raising and transplanting can be used.
(1) Direct seeding. In mid to late May, after thorough rain, on the prepared bed surface, make small shallow holes 3-5 cm deep with a row spacing of 30-35 cm and a plant spacing of 20-25 cm. A narrow bed 130 cm wide takes 4 rows, and a wide bed 150 cm wide takes 5 rows. Before sowing, soak the seeds in cold water for 24 hours, mix with plant ash and sow. Put 2-3 seeds in each hole, and after sowing cover with 2-3 cm of fertile soil made of half fine manure and half fine soil. Water promptly if the soil is dry; seedlings emerge in 7-10 days.
(2) Seedling raising and transplanting. This is an important measure to save seeds and keep to the season. In early April, choose a seedbed in dry land or vegetable garden land with a water source. Before digging the soil, it is best to disinfect the soil by spreading 5-10 g per sq m of 40% quintozene mixed with fine soil, then repeatedly dig and turn the surface soil layer. After leveling and finely breaking up the bed surface, open sowing furrows about 5 cm deep at a row spacing of 15 cm on the bed surface, sow in the furrows at a plant spacing of 5 cm, then cover with 3 cm of soil, cover with 2 cm of fine manure, water thoroughly and cover with plastic film; seedlings can emerge in 5-7 days. One month after raising seedlings, transplant the small seedlings into the field according to the direct seeding specifications.
2. Rhizome planting.
In autumn and winter, dig up robust rhizomes free of pests and diseases and store them in sand in a cool, dry place. Take them out in early to mid-April of the following year. According to the characteristics of sprout-bearing residual stems and bud scars, cut them into small sections, making sure each section carries 1 bud scar. After cutting, dry them properly and mix with plant ash, then plant them in rows in the seedbed as when sowing, and cover with plastic film. After 15-20 days, when roots and sprouts have formed, transplant them into the field in mid to late May according to the direct seeding specifications. III. Field management 1. Thinning and filling gaps. In mid to late May, thin the directly seeded plot, and at the same time check the holes and fill gaps. Water before thinning, pry out the seedlings with a wooden stick, and water with rooting water when filling gaps. Make full use of small seedlings to ensure a full stand and sufficient density. 2. Cultivation and weeding. Paris polyphylla requires loose soil. The above-ground part grows weakly, so special attention must be paid to loosening the soil and weeding. From late May to early June there is a lot of heavy rain, and the soil tends to harden, so drain promptly, prevent waterlogging, cultivate frequently, loosen the soil shallowly, and remove weeds at all times.
3. Shading
Paris polyphylla likes shade and fears strong light. Throughout the whole growth period, a light transmittance of 40%-50% is best. Therefore, after emergence and transplanting, shading measures must be taken. Where conditions permit, shade nets are best; where conditions do not permit, inserting branches for shade can be used, and tall crops such as corn can also be interplanted between rows for shade, but attention must be paid to density and the interplanting and relay-cropping methods.
4. Earthing up
Paris polyphylla usually has a growth pattern in which the top flowers while the tubers below swell. Generally, swelling is fastest from mid to late June to August. In early June, heavy topdressing must be applied: 2000-3000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu, plus 20-30 kg of calcium superphosphate, applied to the roots and then combined with ditch cleaning and heavy earthing up. The soil earthed up must be loose, keeping the bed surface and ditch bottom free of standing water.
Cultivation method and field management of Paris polyphylla
1. Weeding: After the seedlings are uniform or after transplanting, weed and loosen the soil promptly. Hoe frequently and shallowly to avoid damaging the roots and affecting growth. Usually cover the bed surface with grass to retain moisture.
2. Fertilizing: For cultivated Paris polyphylla, the base fertilizer used accounts for 70-80% of the total fertilizer and must be applied into the soil before transplanting. Later topdressing can only account for about 20% of the total fertilizer. After the seedlings emerge each year, apply human feces water once as topdressing. Do not use or use little chemical fertilizer, and the use of chemical nitrogen fertilizer is prohibited.
3. Water management: Paris polyphylla likes a shady, moist environment. The bed surface and soil layer must be kept moist. In the dry season, water promptly; at ordinary times, spray water at intervals. In the rainy season, dredge ditches and drain promptly to prevent water accumulation in the field and induce disease.
4. Removing flower stems: To reduce nutrient consumption and concentrate nutrients on the growth of the underground tubers, when flower stems appear in May-June, all flower stems should be cut off promptly except those kept for seed, so as to increase yield.
Propagation methods of Paris polyphylla: seed propagation
Paris polyphylla likes a cool, shady and moist environment. It is suitable for planting in fertile sandy loam or humus loam. Propagate by seed and rhizome. For seed propagation, when the seeds mature in September and October, sow immediately after collecting, in drills or broadcast, covering with 4-5 fen of soil. Cultivate for 2-3 years and transplant in spring or late autumn. For rhizome propagation, at harvest time cut off 3-5 nodes of the bud tip and plant in furrows, with a row and plant spacing of 8*4 cun.
During the growth period of Paris polyphylla, weed, loosen the soil and water promptly. Topdressing can be carried out after seedlings emerge in the spring of the second year, mainly with nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer. Collecting and processing: wild products are dug in summer and autumn. Cultivated products are dug after 3-5 years of cultivation, in late autumn after the above-ground part withers. Wash, slice and sun-dry.
Disease control of Paris polyphylla
No insect pests have yet been found on Paris polyphylla, which is related to its mild toxicity. However, in low-temperature and rainy weather or high-temperature and high-humidity weather, it is relatively prone to disease and must be controlled early.
1. Damping-off: This disease is a seedling-stage disease. It is severe in low-temperature and rainy April-May. In the early stage of the disease, yellow-brown water-soaked lesions appear at the base of the seedling stem and spread around the base, causing the seedlings to wither, and in severe cases patches of seedlings die and fall.
Control methods: Strengthen field management, carry out soil disinfection, pull out diseased seedlings after the disease occurs, disinfect the seedbed with chemicals, and spray zineb solution.
2. Sclerotinia disease: This disease is serious. It occurs in May each year when there is much rain and high humidity, and harms the base. First a soft rot appears, then white filamentous matter appears on the diseased part, after which dark brown granular pathogen sclerotia appear around the diseased part, and finally the whole plant dies and falls over.
Control methods:
1. Clean ditches and drain promptly to reduce field humidity.
2. Pull out diseased plants promptly and spread lime at the disease center.
3. Spray thiophanate or validamycin 2-3 times in succession, and in severe cases spray chlorothalonil.
1. Black spot disease. The disease starts from the leaf tip or leaf base, producing round or nearly round lesions, and sometimes the disease spreads to the flower axis, forming leaf blight and stem blight. Control measures:
① Pay attention to drainage and dehumidification, reduce air humidity, and lessen the disease;
② In the early stage of the disease, spray 5% JunDuQing aqueous solution or 50% thiophanate-methyl suspension concentrate.
2. Stem rot. This disease mostly occurs during the seedbed stage, and is more serious during the field stage in high temperature and rainy conditions. First, yellow-brown lesions appear at the base of the stem. After the lesions expand, the leaf tips lose water and droop, and in severe cases the stem base becomes wet and rots and the plant falls over. Control measures:
① Rotate with gramineous crops for more than 3 years;
② Before transplanting, spray the seedbed with 50% carbendazim wettable powder as a "send-off medicine";
③ Thin out diseased seedlings;
④ In the early stage of the disease in the field, drench the holes with 95% fenaminosulf wettable powder, once every 10 days, for 2-3 times in succession.
3. Scarab beetles. The adults harm the leaves, and the larvae (white grubs) bite and eat the rhizomes, affecting the growth of Paris polyphylla. Control measures: at night, use torches to trap and kill the adults, and use fresh vegetable leaves sprayed with trichlorfon placed on the bed surface to trap and kill the larvae. IV. Harvesting and processing: Tubers grown from Paris polyphylla seeds are harvested after 5 years for medicinal use, and tubers grown from tubers are harvested after 3 years for medicinal use. In autumn before and after the stems fall, that is, from November-December to before March of the following year, they can all be harvested. Paris polyphylla tubers mostly grow in the surface soil layer and are easy to dig, but care must be taken to keep the tubers intact. First cut off the stems and leaves, then dig from the side with a hoe, dig out the tubers, shake off the soil, scrub clean with clean water, and slice while fresh, with a slice thickness of 2-3 mm, then sun-dry. On cloudy days, they can be dried over a low fire at about 30°C.
Variety classification of Paris polyphylla
Among plants of the same species, there are many with thick rhizomes, and their effects are mostly similar to the previous 2 species. The more widely distributed ones are listed as follows:
1. Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensisParis polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz. differs from Paris polyphylla in that the leaf base is cuneate; the petals are longer than or equal to the sepals, 2-3 mm wide, rarely 4 or 1 mm. It is distributed in Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other provinces.
2. Wide-petaled ParisParis polyphylla Smith var. platypetala Franch. Leaf base nearly rounded; petals much shorter than the sepals, gradually widening toward the apex, 2-4 mm wide at or above the middle. Distributed in East China, South China, Southwest China and Hubei, China and other places.
3. Narrow-leaved ParisParis polyphylla Smith var. stenophylla Franch. Leaves usually 10-22, narrowly lanceolate, or linear, 3-25 mm wide, sessile or with a short petiole; the protruding part of the anther connective about half a millimeter long. Distributed in East China, Central South China, Southwest China and Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu and other provinces.
4. Short-stalked ParisParis polyphylla Smith var. appendiculata Hara Leaves 7-9, sessile or with a short petiole, broadly lanceolate or long elliptic; the pedicel shorter than the leaves, petals about 1-1.5 mm wide, distributed in Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet and other provinces and autonomous regions.
5. Globe-connectived ParisParis fargesii Franch. Leaves long-petioled, ovate, base cordate; the protruding part of the anther connective thick, fleshy, spherical or nearly spherical; petals less than half as long as the sepals. Distributed in Jiangxi, Guangdong, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou and other provinces.
6. Long-stalked ParisParis fargesii Franch. var. petiolata (Baker ex C. H. Wright) Wang et Tang, leaves long-petioled, the blade round to round-ovate, base often cordate; petals equal to or less than half as long as the sepals. Distributed in Jiangxi, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and other provinces.
7. Long-connectived ParisParis thibetica Franch. Leaves 7-12, lanceolate or oblanceolate, mostly sessile; the protruding part of the anther connective markedly elongated, 6-16 mm long, rarely shortened to 3 mm. Distributed in Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other provinces.
Distribution range of One Flower with Seven Leaves
One Flower with Seven Leaves (scientific name: Paris polyphylla) is a plant of the genus Paris in the family Liliaceae. It is distributed in Bhutan, Vietnam, Sikkim, Nepal, Taiwan, China as well as Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet, Sichuan and other places in mainland China, growing in areas at an altitude of 1,800 m to 3,200 m, generally under forest, and has not yet been introduced and cultivated artificially.
[Domestic distribution]: Hubei, Tibet (southeastern part), Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou, mainly distributed in Jiangxi, Guangdong, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet and other provinces and autonomous regions.
[Foreign distribution]: also distributed in Bhutan, Sikkim, Nepal and Vietnam
Distribution and habitat
[Distribution]: Enshi, Yichang, Shiyan, Xiangyang, Huanggang, Xianning, Shennongjia Forestry District
[Habitat]: under hillside forest or in rather shady and damp places.
Medicinal or dietary therapeutic value of One Flower with Seven Leaves
The medical information and health dietary therapy information on Huahua Network is for reference only and cannot be used as a basis for diagnosis or medical treatment. Any health problem should be consulted with professional medical personnel, and the treatment of any disease should follow a doctor's advice.
Ultimate flower-protecting mission: love yourself, start from reality, and follow the doctor's advice. For illness, do not be careless, do not delay, do not give up hope, face it bravely, warm the silent world with love, and care for the flower field in your heart with your heart.
Traditional Chinese medicine attributes and medicinal material information (1)
[Drug name]: One Flower with Seven Leaves
[Chinese pinyin]: QíYèYìZhīHuā
[English name]: Rhizoma Paridis, Chinensis One flower with sevenleaves, Leafy Paris
[Scientific name]: Paris polyphylla Smith
[Latin plant, animal and mineral names]:
[Family name]: Liliaceae
[Aliases]: Hua Chonglou, Qiye Lou, Tiedeng Tai, Cao Heche, Zaoxiu, Chonglou, Jinpan Tuo Lizhi, Cao Heche.
[Nature and flavor]: Bitter, cool. Slightly toxic.
[Meridian tropism]: Heart meridian, Liver meridian, Lung meridian, Stomach meridian, Large Intestine meridian.
[Functions]: Counteracting toxin and resisting cancer, reducing swelling and relieving pain, clearing heat and calming fright, relieving cough and calming asthma.
[Main indications]: Treats carbuncle swelling, chronic cough due to pulmonary tuberculosis, traumatic injury, snake and insect bites, lymphatic tuberculosis, osteomyelitis and other conditions; it is one of the main ingredients of Yunnan Baiyao.
[Usage and dosage]: Oral administration: decocted in water, 1-3 qian; ground into juice, pounded into juice, or made into powder.
[External use]: Pounded and applied, or ground into powder and mixed for application.
[Medicinal material source]: The dried rhizome of the Liliaceae (Trilliaceae) plant One Flower with Seven Leaves (Paris polyphylla).
[Ecological environment]: Grows under forest at an altitude of 1800-3**** m. In shaded places under hillside forest or in shady, damp places in grass by ditches.
[Resource distribution]: Southeastern Tibet, Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou. Also found in Bhutan, Sikkim, Nepal and Vietnam. Mainly produced in Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Fujian, Shaanxi, Sichuan.
[Harvesting and storage]: Can be collected throughout the year, sliced, sun-dried, used fresh, or also used as the raw product.
[Injection]: Use concentrated extract 1:2 to prepare a 2-4 ml injection, sterilized under high pressure.
[Processing]: Remove impurities, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into thin slices, sun-dry.
Medicinal material information (2)
[Chinese name] One Flower with Seven Leaves
[Chinese pinyin] Qiyeyizhihua
[English name] One flower with sevenleaves, Leafy Paris, Manyleaf Paris, Whorl Leaved Lily
[Latin scientific name] Paris polyphylla Sm.
[Family and genus classification] Liliaceae, Paris
[Plant morphology] Perennial herb, 30-100 cm tall. Stem erect. Leaves 5-8 in a whorl at the top of the stem, blades oblong-lanceolate, obovate-lanceolate or oblanceolate, 7-17 cm long, 2.5-5 cm wide. The pedicel emerges from the top of the stem, usually longer than the leaves, terminal, one flower, 1-1.5 mm wide, 1/3 as long as the sepals to nearly equal in length; stamens 8-10, anthers 1.2-2 cm long. Capsule spherical. Flowering period May-July, fruiting period August-October.
[Habitat and distribution] Grows in shaded places under hillside forest or in shady, damp places in grass by ditches. Distributed in Guangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan and other places. The medicinal material is mainly produced in Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Fujian, Shaanxi, Sichuan.
[Medicinal part] The rhizome is used as medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine name: Chonglou.
[Harvesting and processing] Dug up after autumn, remove stems, leaves and fibrous roots, sun-dry.
[Main components] Mainly contains steroidal saponin components.
[Pharmacological effects] Analgesic, sedative, anti-tumor, hemostatic.
[Nature, flavor and functions] Sweet, cool. Clears heat and detoxifies.
[Main indications and usage] Swelling injuries, poisoning. External use: 30-60 g, made into a plaster and applied to the affected area.
Treats snake bites and lymphatic tuberculosis. (Zhongguo Yao Zhi Zhi)
Medicinal material information (3)
[Medicinal part]: Rhizome
[Medicinal functions]: Traumatic injury, snake bites
[Medicinal indications]: Used for epidemic parotitis, tonsillitis, sore and swollen throat, otitis media, epidemic encephalitis B, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, etc.
Ecological distribution
1. Hua Chonglou Perennial herb, about 50 cm tall. Rhizome brown, creeping and thick, up to 3 cm thick, surface rough and noded, fibrous roots growing from the nodes. Stem single, erect, cylindrical, smooth and hairless, base often purplish red. Leaves 5-9, usually 7, in a whorl at the top of the stem, umbrella-like, with 1 flower borne on it, hence called "One Flower with Seven Leaves"; petiole 1-3 cm long, blade papery or membranous, narrowly ovate or oblanceolate, 7-9 cm long, 2-5 cm wide, apex acute, base cuneate or nearly cuneate. In summer it produces yellow-green flowers, the pedicel emerging from the top of the stem, unbranched, more or less longer than the leaves, flower solitary and terminal; sepals 5-6, leaf-like, ovate-lanceolate; petals 5-6, slender linear, sometimes slightly enlarged above, about 1.5 mm wide, usually shorter than the sepals; stamens in 2 whorls, the protruding part of the connective narrower than the anther, 0.2-2 mm long; ovary ribbed, the top and style purple, the rest yellow-green; capsule dehiscing loculicidally. Grows under hillside forest and in shady, damp places in thickets. Distributed in South China, East China, Southwest China and Shaanxi, Shanxi, Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Tibet and other places.
2. One Flower with Seven Leaves Similar in form to Hua Chonglou, but the leaves are oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, base rounded or rarely acute; petals filiform, gradually tapering toward the apex, equal to or 2 times as long as the sepals, about 1 mm wide. Distributed in Jiangxi, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet and other provinces and autonomous regions.
Medicinal nature and flavor: Bitter, cold. Slightly toxic.
Functions and main indications:Clears heat and detoxifies, reduces swelling and relieves pain. Epidemic encephalitis B, stomach pain, appendicitis, lymphatic tuberculosis, tonsillitis, mumps, mastitis, venomous snake and insect bites, sores and swellings with toxin. Used for furuncle swelling and carbuncle swelling, sore and swollen throat, venomous snake bites, traumatic injuries, convulsions and twitching.
Usage and dosage:7.5-15 g; appropriate amount for external use, ground with water or powdered and mixed with vinegar and applied to the affected area.
Chemical components:Contains various steroidal saponins, which are di-, tri- and tetrasaccharide glycosides of diosgenin and pennogenin, and also contains β-ecdysone, daucosterol, etc.
Chemical components in modern research
The rhizome contains diosgenin-3-O-α-D-glucopyranoside, i.e. Polyphyllin A, diosgenin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside, pariphyllin [2], pariphyllin A and B, dioscin [4], Polyphyllin C, D, E, F [5], G, H, diosgenin-3-O-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1→4)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside, diosgenin-hexaacetyl-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside, diosgenin-3-O-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside, pennogenin-3-O-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1→4)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside, pennogenin-hexaacetyl-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside, paristerone [8], methylprotodioscin, as well as various amino acids such as alanine and asparagine.
Pharmacological effects
1. Antibacterial effect The water infusion and decoction of One Flower with Seven Leaves both have inhibitory effects in vitro on Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A, Shigella dysenteriae and Shigella flexneri; the water infusion of the crude drug has stronger antibacterial effect than the decoction.
2. Spermicidal effect The 70% ethanol extract of One Flower with Seven Leaves has a spermicidal effect on the sperm of rats, mice and humans. When its extract was administered vaginally to rabbits, at 100 mg per animal it had a 60% inhibitory effect on fertilization.
3. Sedative and analgesic effects Intragastric administration of the alcohol extract to mice reduced spontaneous activity, with an obvious sedative effect; as determined by the electrical stimulation method and the hot plate method, it had obvious analgesic effects.
4. Anti-asthmatic and antitussive effects Oral administration of the decoction of One Flower with Seven Leaves to guinea pigs had an obvious anti-asthmatic effect (histamine
aerosol method). The extracts (five in total) had an obvious anti-asthmatic effect at 1/2 to 1/5 of the median lethal dose, similar to the effect of aminophylline at 1/2 of the median lethal dose. One of the extracts was a saponin, and the other three were positive in the Liebermann reaction. Intragastric administration of the decoction to mice had an obvious antitussive effect (sulfur dioxide-induced cough method), but no expectorant effect (phenol red method).
5. Zaoxiu (variety not specified) 100% preparation had antibacterial effects in test tubes on various pathogenic bacteria such as intestinal bacilli and pyogenic cocci; recently, the decoction failed to prove any antibacterial effect. The alcohol extract at 7.8 mg/ml had a killing effect on Leptospira in vitro, while the water decoction at the same concentration had no such effect. Zaoxiu contains tannins, which are importantly related to its antiviral effect.
6. Toxicity, intragastric administration of the decoction to mice at 30-60 g/kg showed no death within 3 days. Mice were given 0.4 g by intragastric administration daily, 3 times a day, for 3 consecutive days; or intravenous injection of 0.2% 0.4 ml per animal, all showed no death. Therefore the toxicity is very low.
7. It has a relatively strong inhibitory effect on Asian influenza A virus, and has inhibitory effects on Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella paratyphi, Salmonella, Paracolobactrum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, hemolytic Streptococcus, Neisseria meningitidis, etc.
8. The decoction has an antagonistic effect on "aseptic inflammation" caused by dextran.
9. Intragastric administration to rats can obviously reduce the vitamin C content in the adrenal glands of rats and promote adrenal function, but has little effect on the thymus weight of young mice.
10. The contained saponins have a direct contracting effect on the vascular smooth muscle of isolated rabbit ears.
11. Its decoction and saponins both have an excitatory effect on the isolated ileum of guinea pigs; both have hemolytic effects.
Toxicology and toxicity
[Poisoning rescue] "Main Toxic Plants of the South": The toxic part of One Flower with Seven Leaves is the underground stem, with more toxin in the bark.
Poisoning symptoms: nausea, vomiting, headache, and in severe cases causing convulsions.
Rescue methods: 1. Gastric lavage, catharsis, oral administration of dilute acetic acid, and if convulsions occur use antispasmodics, etc., symptomatic treatment; herbal doctors introduce: decoct 5 qian of licorice in water first, then mix with 2 liang each of white rice vinegar and ginger juice, half for gargling and half for oral administration.
Clinical application
1. This drug has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, reducing swelling and relieving pain. It is often used among the people to treat epidemic mumps, tonsillitis, sore and swollen throat, mastitis, traumatic injury, venomous snake bites, sores, carbuncles and swelling pain, etc.
2. Used for cancer. When One Flower with Seven Leaves is used for cancer, it is often combined with Salvia chinensis, Scutellaria barbata, Prunella vulgaris and other drugs.
3. Can be used to treat infantile convulsions, heat disease spasms, and infantile eczema.
Practical selected prescriptions inherited in traditional Chinese medicine
1. To treat sudden swelling due to wind toxin: Chongtai Cao, Mu Bie Zi (shelled), and Ban Xia 50 g each. Grind the above drugs into fine powder, mix with strong vinegar and apply; for any hot swelling, warm and apply it. (Sheng Hui Fang, Chongtai Cao San)
2. To treat breast lumps in women, insufficient lactation, or infantile breast swelling: Chonglou 15 g. Decoct in water, take with a little rice wine. (Dian Nan Ben Cao)
3. To treat sores in the ear with heat and pain: appropriate amount of Zaoxiu. Grind with vinegar and apply to the affected area. (Guangxi Folk Commonly Used Herbal Medicine)
4. To treat throat obstruction: rhizome of One Flower with Seven Leaves 1 g. Grind into powder and swallow. (Zhejiang Folk Herbal Medicine)
5. To treat infantile fetal wind and twitching of hands and feet: Zaoxiu ground into powder. Take 2.5 g each time, taken with cold water. (Wei Sheng Yi Jian Fang)
6. To treat slow fright: Trichosanthes root 10 g, white Kansui 5 g. Stir-fry the above over slow fire until scorched yellow, grind evenly. Take one zi each time, decocted with musk and mint soup, administered at any time. (Xiao Er Yao Zheng Zhi Jue, Gualou Tang)
7. To treat chronic cough due to pulmonary tuberculosis and asthma: Zaoxiu 25 g. Add an appropriate amount of water, stew with chicken or pig lung and take. (Guangxi Folk Commonly Used Herbal Medicine)
8. To treat new and old traumatic internal injuries, relieve pain and dissipate blood stasis: One Flower with Seven Leaves, soaked in boy's urine for 40-50 days, washed clean, sun-dried and ground into powder. Take 1.5 g each time, taken with wine or boiled water. (Guangxi Yao Zhi Tu Zhi)
9. To treat rectal prolapse: Zaoxiu, ground with vinegar into juice. After applying externally to the affected part, use gauze to press and push it back into place, can be applied 2 to 3 times daily. (Guangxi Folk Commonly Used Herbal Medicine)
10. To treat snake bites: One Flower with Seven Leaves root 10 g, ground into powder and taken with boiled water, 2 to 3 times daily; also pound fresh One Flower with Seven Leaves root into a paste, or add sweet fermented rice and pound into a paste and apply to the affected area. (Zhejiang Folk Commonly Used Herbal Medicine)
11. To treat poisoning by rat-mang toxin. Golden-thread Chonglou root. Grind with water and take. (Pin Hu Ji Jian Fang)
12. To treat "Longpile" fresh One Flower with Seven Leaves 30 g. Boil together with an appropriate amount of pork ribs, chicken or pig trotters, drink the soup and eat the meat. (Verified prescription of the famous Dai doctor Kang Langlun of Jinghong City)
13. To treat "Nale Maoshame" One Flower with Seven Leaves 20 g. Decoct in water, add a little white liquor and take orally. (Verified prescription of Dai doctor Bo Weisan of Jinghong City)
14. To treat "Longshalong Jiehuo" One Flower with Seven Leaves, Convolvulaceae root, and beet root in equal amounts. Sun-dry, grind fine, mix evenly, take 3-5 g each time with warm boiled water. (Verified prescription of Dai doctor Kang Langla of the Dai Hospital of Xishuangbanna Prefecture)
15. To treat "Longda'er", "Nonggan Nongnuan", "Naiduanbingnei" appropriate amounts each of fresh One Flower with Seven Leaves, Baphicacanthus cusia leaves, Alstonia scholaris leaves, and Eclipta prostrata. Pound into a paste and apply externally to the affected area. (Verified prescription of Dai doctor Kang Langla of the Dai Hospital of Xishuangbanna Prefecture)
16. To treat "Bingdong Feinuanglong", "Zushang" appropriate amount of fresh One Flower with Seven Leaves. Pound into a paste and apply externally to the affected area.
17. To treat "Feimainan Huangluo" appropriate amount of fresh One Flower with Seven Leaves. Pound into a paste, take the juice and apply externally. (The above two prescriptions are from the verified prescriptions of the famous Dai doctor Kang Jilun of Jinghong City)
18. To treat "Wuduo, Mianbaihe" One Flower with Seven Leaves 5 g. Sun-dry, grind into powder, take with warm boiled water; or fresh product 10 g, pound into a paste, apply externally to the wound. (Verified prescription of Dai doctor Feng Guoqing of Dehong Prefecture)
19. To reduce fever. After the underground stem is sun-dried, cut a small thin slice (1-2 g), cut it into powder, and take it with sugar; the fever subsides very quickly.
20. Nameless swelling and toxin: One Flower with Seven Leaves 9 g, dandelion 30 g, decoct in water and take. Also used for epidemic mumps, mastitis and furuncles.
21. Infantile convulsions: appropriate amount of One Flower with Seven Leaves, grind into fine powder, take 0.6-15 g each time (depending on age), mixed with cold boiled water.
22. Neurodermatitis: appropriate amount of One Flower with Seven Leaves, grind into fine powder, mix with sesame oil, and apply externally to the affected area. For eroded areas, the dry powder can be sprinkled directly; generally treated for 2-3 days. It has the effect of relieving itching and fading skin lesions.
23. Cervical erosion: rhizome of One Flower with Seven Leaves, grind into fine powder and mix with glycerin and apply to the local area. 2-3 times daily.
24. Epidemic mumps: appropriate amount of the rhizome of One Flower with Seven Leaves, grind with vinegar and apply externally, 4-5 times daily; additionally use 2-3 qian decocted in water and take orally, 3 times daily.
25. Furuncle swelling: fresh rhizome of One Flower with Seven Leaves and Houttuynia cordata 1 liang each. Pound into a paste and apply externally to the affected area, once daily.
26. Abdominal spasmodic pain, localized pain after abdominal surgery: Yunnan Paris polyphylla 25 g, decocted in water, or ground into powder and taken with water, 5 g each time.
27. Epidemic Japanese B encephalitis:
(1) Paris polyphylla rhizome 15 g, ground with cold boiled water to make juice as a one-day dose, taken in 3 to 4 divided doses. 3 days constitute one course of treatment.
(2) Paris polyphylla rhizome 15 g, whole plant of Serissa serissoides 75 g, fresh Commelina communis 400 g. Add 2 L of water and decoct down to 1 L as a one-day dose. Take once every 3 hours, 125 mL each time. 3 to 4 days constitute one course of treatment.
(3) For external use, fresh Polygonum orientale 200-400 g, decocted in water; once warm, wash the affected child with it; may be washed several times until the fever subsides.
Literature discussion
1. Bencao Huiyan: Zaoxiu (Paris polyphylla) is a medicine that cools the blood, dispels wind, and resolves carbuncle toxin. However, its flavor and nature are bitter and cold; although it is said to cool the blood, it is suitable only for those whose sores, carbuncles, and ulcerations are caused by blood heat, and use should stop once the condition responds. It also should not be taken in large amounts or over a long period.
2. Bencao Zhengyi: Zaoxiu (Paris polyphylla) is a bitter, purgative, toxin-resolving substance. Binhu (Li Shizhen) called it a medicine of the foot-jueyin channel, as it clears and resolves stagnant heat of the liver and gallbladder, extinguishes wind and directs qi downward, and can also reduce swelling, dissolve phlegm, promote urination, and remove dampness.
3. In the Benjing, it treats convulsions and epilepsy, head shaking and tongue play, all of which are patterns of rampant liver yang and wood-fire generating wind. It is also called dian disease; dian is the dian of dingdian (vertex), and the character is also written as dian, referring to disease in which liver wind mounts upward and goes straight to the vertex. Zaoxiu (Paris polyphylla) can treat this condition precisely because its bitter and cold nature drains and descends, can extinguish wind-yang and clear qi-fire, so that qi and blood do not surge and the brain meridians are not disturbed, and then dian disease, convulsions and epilepsy, head shaking and tongue play, and other diseases can be resolved. As for its specific treatment of carbuncle swelling, its bitter and cold nature clears heat and can also resolve toxin. Treating yinshi and expelling the three worms is also a matter of bitter and cold overcoming dampness, naturally able to kill worms; its use is plain and easy to understand, and need not be elaborated. Binhu (Li Shizhen) quoted a proverb: "...if one encounters carbuncle, it is as if plucked by hand." This shows that this herb specifically treats sores and ulcers, and through the ages none have failed to value it highly. However, among all such cold and cool substances, it is suitable only for yang-type eruptions that are red, swollen, and severely painful. For yin patterns with hard, fixed, numb masses, it is greatly contraindicated; this is not to say that it governs all external diseases without exception.
4. Folk saying: "Paris polyphylla, the deep mountains are my home; for men it treats sores and boils, for women it treats milk flowers (breast carbuncle)." The rhizomes of plants in the same genus, including Paris delavayi, Paris polyphylla var. chinensis, Paris polyphylla var. polyphylla, Paris forrestii, Paris fargesii var. stenophylla, and Paris fargesii, are also respectively called "Paris polyphylla", "Dengtaiqi", or "Hailuoqi". Their therapeutic effects are similar.
Medication contraindications
Those with constitutional deficiency, without excess fire and toxic heat, those with yin-pattern external sores, and pregnant women are all contraindicated.
1. Bencao Huiyan: It is contraindicated in patterns of vomiting and epistaxis due to heat damaging ying-yin.
2. Benjing Fengyuan: It is forbidden for those with deficient original qi.
3. Major Poisonous Plants of the South: The toxic part of Paris polyphylla is the underground stem, with the bark containing more toxin. Poisoning symptoms: nausea, vomiting, headache, and in severe cases spasms. Rescue methods: gastric lavage, catharsis, oral administration of dilute acetic acid, and if spasms occur use antispasmodics and other symptomatic treatment; a Guangzhou herbal medicine physician introduced: first decoct 15 g of licorice in water, then mix with 60 g each of white rice vinegar and ginger juice, half for gargling and half for oral administration. (China Health Network)
4. This substance is bitter and cold in nature and flavor, slightly toxic, and contains chonglou saponins, chonglou shining saponins, alkaloids, and others. Excessive use can cause poisoning. It has toxic harmful effects on the digestive system, nervous system, and heart. It is mainly a toxic reaction, with clinical manifestations of nausea, vomiting, dizziness, blurred vision, headache, diarrhea, pale complexion, restlessness, listlessness, cyanotic lips, and in severe cases spasms, convulsions, rapid pulse, arrhythmia, and muffled heart sounds.
Treatment and rescue
(1) Gastric lavage with 1:2000-1:4000 potassium permanganate solution, and catharsis with magnesium sulfate.
(2) Oral administration of dilute hydrochloric acid: dilute commercially available vinegar 50-100 times, then take 50-200 mL orally.
(3) Intravenous infusion: use 10% glucose plus ATP 20 mg, coenzyme A 50 U, vitamin C 250 mg, inosine 100 mg, 10% potassium chloride injection, and dexamethasone, etc., administered separately in divided doses by intravenous drip, and give oxygen. Other symptomatic treatment.
(4) Traditional Chinese medicine treatment: 1) Licorice 15 g, first decoct in water, then mix with 60 g each of white rice vinegar and ginger juice, half for gargling and half for oral administration. 2) During spasms, use Zaocys dhumnades 9 g, scorpion 3 g, Magnolia officinalis 6 g, licorice 6 g, decoct twice in water, combine the liquids, and take in 2 divided doses in the morning and evening.
Harvesting and processing of Paris polyphylla
Wild Paris polyphylla is dug in summer and autumn. Cultivated plants are dug after 3 to 5 years of growth, in late autumn after the aboveground parts wither. Wash clean, slice, and sun-dry. Generally, when propagated by seed, it is harvested after 5 years; when propagated by rhizome, it is harvested after 3 to 5 years. Each year from late September to October in autumn, when the aboveground stems wither, dig up the plants, cut off the tubers with buds for use as seed, and for the remaining parts, wash off the soil, remove fibrous roots, slice, and sun-dry or oven-dry for medicinal use.
Benefit analysis
Planting one mu of Paris polyphylla requires an investment of 3600 yuan for seedlings (12000 plants) and 7200 yuan for fertilizer and pesticides, with a growth cycle of 3 years. With good planting management, Paris polyphylla can yield 50 kg per mu. At the current price, 50 yuan per kg, planting one mu of Paris polyphylla can bring an income of 22500 yuan, with a net income of 18300 yuan, and an input-output ratio of more than 1:3. The above is first-generation Paris polyphylla cultivation technology. The yield per mu of second-generation Paris polyphylla cultivation technology is twice that of the first generation. Third-generation Paris polyphylla cultivation technology, on the basis of the second-generation Paris polyphylla cultivation technology not affecting yield, increases by more than ten to more than twenty times per cycle.
Cultural background and folk legend of Paris polyphylla
It is said that long ago there was a village called Dongshan, where an elderly couple lived. They had seven vigorous sons and one beautiful daughter. The seven brothers worked at plowing and sowing, while the younger sister gathered flowers and tea on the mountain, and the family lived very happily. One year, a huge python suddenly appeared in the village. It was very ferocious and often swallowed sheep and ate people, making the whole place restless and everyone panic-stricken. The seven brothers resolved to rid the people of this menace and fought the giant python, but all of them lost their lives. To avenge her brothers, the younger sister practiced martial arts and then put on a dress woven from embroidery needles and struggled with the python, but in the end she too became food in the python's belly. Because the metal embroidery needles pierced the python's internal organs like ten thousand sharp knives, the python finally died. Thus the mountain village returned to peace, but the old couple had lost their sons and daughter and were extremely grieved, weeping endlessly every day. Later, it was found that in the place where the giant python had died, a strange plant had grown, with seven leaves supporting one flower. Someone applied the pounded herb to wounds bitten by venomous snakes, and before long the wounds healed. From then on, Paris polyphylla became a famous medicine for treating venomous snake bites.
Paris polyphylla images