How to grow the Jade Bead Plant? Detailed guide to potting soil selection, fertilizing and watering methods
The Jade Bead Plant, also known as the Green Jade Tree, Purslane Tree, Ginkgo Wood, or Small-Leaf Glasswort, is a purslane tree of the Portulacaceae family, a perennial evergreen succulent shrub with fleshy stems, purple-brown to light brown, branches nearly horizontal, and new branches appearing purplish-red under sufficient sunlight, or green if light is insufficient
The Jade Bead Plant, also known as the Green Jade Tree, Purslane Tree, Ginkgo Wood, or Small-Leaf Glasswort, is a purslane tree of the Portulacaceae family, a perennial evergreen succulent shrub with fleshy stems, purple-brown to light brown, branches nearly horizontal, and new branches appearing purplish-red under sufficient sunlight, or green if light is insufficient.
Potting soil selection: The soil for potting should be well-drained, with strong water retention, and humus-containing sandy loam. When the seedling grows to 3 leaves, it can be transplanted into a pot, gently transplanting the small seedling into the pot for planting. After potting, immediately water thoroughly once. Spray with New High-Fat Film to improve the survival rate.
Fertilizing: In addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer such as cake fertilizer when potting, regular topdressing should also be applied frequently, generally focusing on thin fertilizer, applied once every half month.
Watering: Less in spring; in summer and autumn, growth is fast and water consumption is high, so watering should be sufficient, and water should be sprayed on branches, leaves and the ground to increase air humidity. Spray with New High-Fat Film to retain fertilizer and moisture.
During the flower bud differentiation stage, spraying Flower Promoter No. 3 can convert the plant's vegetative growth into reproductive nutrition, inhibit the excessive growth of the main shoot, promote flower bud differentiation, produce more flowers, improve pollen fertilization quality, produce more flowers and more fruit. After flowering, when small fruits grow, it is also a beautiful sight. Light: Ardisia crenata is afraid of direct sunlight, so shade should be provided in hot summer. Be careful to place it in a semi-shaded environment.
How to grow Ardisia crenata
Ardisia crenata, also known as Big Umbrella, Fortune Fruit, and often called Jade Bead Plant by many people, belongs to the Myrsinaceae family, Ardisia genus, among angiosperms. Ardisia crenata prefers humid or semi-dry climatic environments, requiring the air relative temperature of the growing environment to be 50-70%. When the air relative humidity is too low, the lower leaves turn yellow and fall off, and the upper leaves lose their luster. Since Ardisia crenata originated in subtropical regions, it has strict requirements for winter temperature, and stops growing when the environmental temperature is below 8°C.Ardisia crenata has strong adaptability to light. When placed indoors for maintenance, try to place it in a place with bright light, such as a well-lit living room, bedroom, study, etc. After maintaining it indoors for a period (about one month), move it outdoors to a shaded place (with insulation conditions in winter) for maintenance for a period (about one month), and alternate in this way.
For potted plants, in addition to adding organic fertilizer when potting, proper fertilizer and water management should also be carried out during usual maintenance.
Spring, summer and autumn: These three seasons are its peak growth seasons. Fertilizer and water management follows the cycle of "Hua Bao" - clear water - "Hua Bao" - clear water, with an interval period of about 1-4 days. The interval is shorter on sunny days or during high temperatures, and longer on rainy days or during low temperatures, or no watering.
Winter: During the winter dormancy period, the main work is to control fertilizer and water. Fertilizer and water management follows the cycle of "Hua Bao" - clear water - clear water - "Hua Bao" - clear water - clear water, with an interval period of about 3-7 days. The interval is shorter on sunny days or during high temperatures, and longer on rainy days or during low temperatures, or no watering.
For field-planted plants, in spring and summer, apply fertilizer and water 2-4 times according to drought conditions: first dig a small trench 30-100 cm outside the root crown (the larger the plant, the farther from the root crown), with trench width and depth both 20 cm. Sprinkle 25-50 jin of organic fertilizer, or 1-5 liang of granular compound fertilizer (chemical fertilizer) into the trench, then water thoroughly. After winter begins and before spring begins, apply fertilizer once more according to the above method, but no watering is needed.
In winter, when the plant enters dormancy or semi-dormancy, cut off weak, diseased, pest-infested, dead, and overly dense branches. Branch arrangement can also be combined with cuttings.
Repotting: As long as it is maintained properly, it will grow very fast. When it grows to a certain size, consider giving it a larger pot to allow it to continue growing vigorously. The culture soil and component ratios for repotting can choose one of the following: garden soil: furnace slag = 3:1; or garden soil: medium-coarse river sand: sawdust (mushroom residue) = 4:1:2; or one of paddy soil, pond mud, or leaf mold.
Snapdragon Antirrhinum majus Snapdragon Gallery: How to grow snapdragons / How to propagate snapdragons
Snapdragon ProfileSnapdragon Antirrhinum majus
Aliases: Dragon's Mouth Flower, Dragon Head Flower, Foreign Colorful Bird, Lion Flower
Classification: Perennial herbaceous flower
Family and Genus: Plantae, Angiosperms, Dicotyledons, Tubiflorae, Scrophulariaceae, Antirrhinum genus
Full bloom period: Spring
Snapdragon, also known as: Dragon Head Flower, Lion Flower, Dragon's Mouth Flower, Foreign Colorful Bird, Latin name: Antirrhinum majus L. It is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Scrophulariaceae family, Antirrhinum genus. Often cultivated as a biennial or annual, plant height 20-70 cm, leaves oblong-lanceolate. Raceme, corolla tubular and bilabiate, base swollen into a sac, upper lip upright, 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed, spreading and curved outward. Colors include white, light red, deep red, flesh color, deep yellow, light yellow, yellow-orange, etc. Can be potted, and because of its brilliant flower colors, it is very suitable for ornamental purposes. Native to the Mediterranean, introduced and cultivated in Nanning, Guangxi. Native to the Mediterranean region, distributed...
Snapdragon growing methods and precautions Snapdragon introduction
Snapdragon, also known as: Dragon Head Flower, Lion Flower, Dragon's Mouth Flower, Foreign Colorful Bird, Latin name: Antirrhinum majus L. It is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Scrophulariaceae family, Antirrhinum genus. Often cultivated as a biennial or annual, plant height 20-70 cm, leaves oblong-lanceolate. Raceme, corolla tubular and bilabiate, base swollen into a sac, upper lip upright, 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed, spreading and curved outward. Colors include white, light red, deep red, flesh color, deep yellow, light yellow, yellow-orange, etc. Can be potted, and because of its brilliant flower colors, it is very suitable for ornamental purposes. Native to the Mediterranean, introduced and cultivated in Nanning, Guangxi. Native to the Mediterranean region, distribution range from Morocco and Portugal in the north, to France in the south, to Turkey and Syria in the east. Southern China [Snapdragon is named because its flowers resemble goldfish. Its Latin scientific name "Antirrhinum" means "nose-like", and "majus" means "blooms in May". At the same time, it is also a traditional Chinese medicine, with the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, cooling blood and reducing swelling. It can also be pressed for oil for consumption, nutritious and healthy.
Morphological characteristics of snapdragon
It is a perennial herbaceous flower, often cultivated as a biennial, plant height 30-50 cm. Stem upright, leaves oblong-lanceolate. Raceme terminal, corolla tubular and bilabiate, covered with fine hairs externally. Common cultivated varieties include red, purple, yellow, and white colors, flowering period May-June. Capsule dark brown, fruiting period July-August.
Perennial upright herb, stem base sometimes woody, up to 80 cm tall. Stem base hairless, middle and upper parts glandular-hairy, base sometimes branched. Lower leaves opposite, upper leaves often alternate, with short petioles; leaf blades hairless, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 2-6 cm long, entire. Raceme terminal, densely glandular-hairy; pedicels 5-7 mm long; calyx nearly as long as pedicel, 5-parted, lobes ovate, obtuse or acute; corolla various colors, from red, purple to white, 3-5 cm long, base extending forward downward into a pouch-like shape, upper lip upright, broad, 2-parted, lower lip 3-lobed, raised toward the upper lip in the middle, closing the throat, making the corolla mask-like; stamens 4, didynamous. Capsule ovate, about 15 mm long, base strongly extending forward, glandular-hairy, poricidal at apex. Native to southern Europe. Cultivated in gardens everywhere, sometimes escaped as wild.
Snapdragon is a perennial herb, often cultivated as an annual or biennial flower. Plant height 20-70 cm, leaves oblong-lanceolate. Raceme, corolla tubular and bilabiate, base swollen into a sac, upper lip upright, 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed, spreading and curved outward, with colors including white, light red, deep red, flesh color, deep yellow, light yellow, yellow-orange, etc. Growth habit is relatively cold-tolerant, not heat-tolerant, likes sunlight, also tolerates semi-shade.
Snapdragon is a perennial herbaceous plant, with upright plants, plant height 0.5-1 m, maximum up to 2 m. Upper leaves spirally alternate, lanceolate, base opposite, 1-7 cm long, 2-2.5 cm wide. Flowers in terminal racemes, each flower 3.5-4.5 cm long, bilabiate and bilaterally symmetrical. Wild plants have flower colors from pink to purple, the two lips are often yellow, and stem color is also correlated with flower color. Flowering period is very long, March-June. Fruit is an ovate capsule, 10-14 mm in diameter, containing a large number of seeds.
Ecological habits of snapdragon
Native to the southern European Mediterranean coast and North Africa. Cold-tolerant, not tolerant of extreme heat, can tolerate semi-shade. Prefers loose, fertile, well-drained soil, requiring pH 5.5-7.0. It is a relatively long-day plant; late-maturing varieties are sensitive to long days, and long days significantly promote flower bud differentiation, but have little effect on flower bud development. Temperature has no direct relationship with flower bud differentiation, but has a significant effect on plant height, flower spikes and flower number. The suitable growth temperature is 15-20°C, with night temperature not lower than 5°C. After budding, if encountering lower temperatures, larger flower buds will suffer cold damage. It is a perennial herbaceous flower, often cultivated as a biennial.
Native to the Mediterranean region, distribution range from Morocco and Portugal in the north, to France in the south, to Turkey and Syria in the east. Cultivated in gardens everywhere, sometimes escaped as wild.
Snapdragon is a light-loving herb. Under sufficient sunlight, plants are dwarf, compact in clumps, grow neatly, uniform in height, bloom uniformly, and have brilliant flower colors. Under semi-shade conditions, plants grow taller, inflorescences elongate, and flower colors are lighter. It is not sensitive to photoperiod, for example, the Floral Showers series snapdragon is almost insensitive to day length. During the vernalization stage, high temperature is unfavorable for snapdragon growth and development. The suitable flowering temperature is 15°C to 16°C. Some varieties do not produce branches when the temperature exceeds 15°C, affecting plant form. Snapdragon is relatively sensitive to water and cannot have water accumulation, otherwise the root system rots and stems and leaves turn yellow and wilt. Snapdragon is a light-loving herb; under sufficient sunlight, plants are dwarf, compact in clumps, grow neatly, uniform in height, bloom uniformly, and have brilliant flower colors; under semi-shade conditions, plants grow taller, inflorescences elongate, and flower colors are lighter. It is not sensitive to photoperiod, for example, the Floral Showers series snapdragon is almost insensitive to day length. Prefers well-drained, humus-rich, fertile, slightly heavy soil, neutral or alkaline is especially good.
Snapdragon cultivation techniques Timely sowing
Snapdragon can be propagated by sowing and cuttings, but sowing propagation is the main method. Sowing is usually best in mid-September. The sowing substrate uses sterilized humus soil or peat soil, generally using a shallow pot with a 30 cm diameter. Before sowing, fill the pot with soil, leaving 1-2 cm at the pot rim. Then gently press the pot soil level and sow. After sowing, cover with a thin layer of fine soil, then gently compact with a wooden board so that the seeds and soil are in close contact. After sowing, place the pot in a water basin, allowing water to seep up from the bottom until the entire soil surface is moist, then cover the pot surface with glass to reduce water evaporation, and finally place the pot in a shady and cool place.
Post-sowing management of snapdragon
Post-sowing management is mainly water management. Watering should be even, and the pot surface should not be too dry or too wet. Remove the glass at night to allow ventilation, and cover it again during the day to prevent water evaporation. Seeds can sprout and emerge 7-8 days after sowing. After seedlings emerge, the glass can be removed to allow them to receive light.
Snapdragon transplanting
When seedlings grow 4-5 true leaves, they can be moved to flower pots with a diameter of 8-12 cm. The potting soil should use a mixture of 7 parts humus soil and 3 parts garden soil. Watering seedlings should use a spray can, spraying until thoroughly wet. As the seedlings gradually grow, repot once more, planting them in flower pots with a diameter of 20-24 cm.
Temperature and humidity
Snapdragon is relatively cold-tolerant, also tolerant of semi-shade, able to resist low temperatures above -5°C, and is prone to freezing to death below -5°C. Snapdragon is moisture-tolerant, afraid of drought. During maintenance and management, watering must follow the principle of "water when dry, stop when wet", spraying water once every 2 days or so.
Reasonable fertilizing Strengthen fertilizer and water management. Fertilizing should pay attention to the combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Snapdragon has root nodule bacteria and has its own nitrogen fixation ability, so generally no nitrogen fertilizer is needed, and appropriately increasing phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is sufficient. During the growth period, apply fermented oil residue water once every half month combined with watering. When flower buds appear, spraying with 1.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is better. Before each fertilizing, loosen the soil and remove weeds.
Suitable pruning When snapdragon seedlings grow to about 10 cm, pinching can be done to shorten plant height, increase the number of side branches, and increase flowers. When pruning, cut off diseased and weak branches, dead old branches and overly dense branches. After each flowering, cut off the branches that have flowered to promote the sprouting of new branches to continue flowering.
Open-field cultivation
Snapdragon likes sunlight and also tolerates semi-shade, avoids high temperatures and is slightly cold-tolerant. When cultivating in the open field, attention should be paid to:
Timely pinching: In order to increase branching, pinching should be done in time during cultivation, especially important for medium and tall varieties. Generally, pinch when the seedling is about 12 cm tall, and pinch again when the plant grows to 20 cm. This can promote side branch growth and dwarf the plant. Varieties used for cut flowers should not be pinched, but side buds should be removed so that nutrients are concentrated on the main branch. However, as the flower branch grows, it should be tied with thin bamboo in time to keep it straight.
Planting in sunny locations: Since snapdragon likes sunlight, when planting, choose a place with sufficient sunlight, loose, fertile soil, and good drainage. Usually, pay attention to removing weeds, which is beneficial for snapdragon growth and flowering.
Reasonable fertilizing and watering: Snapdragon is a fertilizer-loving flower plant, and seedlings grow slowly. Before planting, the land should be plowed first and base fertilizer applied. After planting, water thoroughly once, and thereafter depending on weather conditions, prevent the soil from being too dry or too wet. For fertilizing, during the growth period apply 2 times of thin cake fertilizer water or liquid fertilizer mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer to promote branch and leaf growth, but note that too much fertilizer should not be applied, otherwise it will cause excessive growth and affect flowering. During the bud stage, apply 1-2 times of thin liquid fertilizer mainly based on phosphorus and potassium, which is beneficial for brilliant flower colors. After rain, pay attention to drainage. After flowering, the above-ground parts can be cut off level with the ground, water thoroughly once, and then attention should be paid to fertilizer and water management. In summer, appropriately shade and cool down, so that it can bloom again in autumn.
Timely seed collection: Snapdragon can self-sow and reproduce. When the fruit matures in June-July, collect it in time. It can be cut together with the pedicel, placed on a bamboo mat to dry, and the seeds shaken out and stored in a dry place, sown in September. Snapdragon varieties are very prone to mixing, so mother plants for seed collection need to be planted in isolation to avoid producing hybrids.
Management and precautions
Potted snapdragons commonly use 10 cm pots. Seedlings can be transplanted into pots 6 weeks after germination. During the growth period, maintain a temperature of 16°C, moist potting soil and sufficient sunlight. Some dwarf varieties can bloom 60-70 days after sowing. Tall and medium-stem varieties are pinched to promote more branching and more flowering. To date, growth regulators are often used to dwarf plants and regulate flowering period. Spraying 0.05%-0.1% daminozide 10 days after pinching has a significant dwarfing effect. Spraying 0.25%-0.4% daminozide at the seedling stage can advance flowering and make flowers compact. If sprayed with 0.4%-0.8% daminozide 2-4 times, flowering can be delayed.
During the growth period, fertilize once every half month, or use "Huiyou" 15-15-30 special fertilizer for pot flowers. After flowering, promptly pinch the top and increase fertilizer. At a temperature of 13-16°C, it can continue to bloom continuously. Snapdragon is prone to natural hybridization. In order to achieve variety purity, mother plants for seed collection need isolated seed collection. Of course, many double-flowered and first-generation hybrid snapdragons are difficult to obtain seeds from.
Sowing: It is generally considered that the suitable temperature for germination is 15-20°C, about 10°C at night, so sow in late September to early October. Because the seeds are small, to avoid sowing too thickly, mix with sand or dry soil before broadcasting or drilling, without covering with soil, and absorb water from the bottom of the flower pot. Germination occurs after 7-10 days. The soil is a mixture of equal parts akadama soil and leaf mold. After 2-3 true leaves grow, transplant to No. 2.5-3 pots. The best soil for planting is sandy loam. Before planting, apply sufficient base fertilizer, applying 600 kg of fully decomposed farmyard manure per 100 sq m, evenly turned into the plow layer. Snapdragon is usually at the suitable planting stage when the seedling is 10-12 cm tall. When planting, lay a 15×15 cm support net flat on the bed surface, and plant 1 plant in each mesh. Seedlings should be properly shaded in the early planting stage. During the entire growth process of snapdragon, generally three layers of netting are set up to prevent flower stems from bending or lodging.
Fertilizer and water: During the growth process of snapdragon, topdressing is usually carried out once every 10 days or so. Snapdragon avoids soil water accumulation, otherwise the root system rots and stems and leaves turn yellow and wilt. But insufficient watering will affect its growth and development. The soil should be kept moist regularly, and it is suitable to be slightly dry between two waterings. In addition, when watering, try to avoid watering from above the plant to reduce leaf surface humidity and water droplet splashing to spread diseases.
Light: Under sufficient sunlight, snapdragon plants grow neatly, uniform in height, bloom uniformly, and have brilliant flower colors. Under semi-shade conditions, plants grow taller, inflorescences elongate, and flower colors are lighter. Snapdragon is a long-day plant. Although there are now many neutral varieties, supplementing light for 4 hours in winter and extending daylight can advance flowering.
Temperature: In greenhouse cultivation, maintain a night temperature of 15°C and a day temperature of about 22-28°C. If the temperature is too low, dropping to 2-3°C, the plant will not be harmed, but flowering will be delayed, blind flowers will increase, and cut flower quality will decline.
Cultivation precautions
Variety selection: Potted snapdragons should choose low-growing, abundantly flowering varieties to improve the ornamental value of the pot. Pot and potting soil selection. The container for potting should preferably be a clay pot or plastic pot with a diameter of about 15 cm, but with good air permeability. The cultivation substrate should choose loose, fertile, well-drained culture soil or evenly mix leaf mold, peat, and plant ash. Before planting, apply some dry livestock manure or cake fertilizer powder, and add a little bone meal or superphosphate as base fertilizer.
Watering and fertilizing: After planting, water thoroughly, and thereafter water when the potting soil is dry. During the growth period, apply 1 time every 10 days of thin liquid fertilizer mainly based on nitrogen and potassium fertilizer. During the bud stage, spray 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate to make the flower colors brilliant. Usually, prevent water accumulation in the potting soil and pay attention to loosening the soil regularly.
Pruning: After flowering, the above-ground parts can be cut off level with the soil, water thoroughly once, and after about a week new branches can sprout. Then apply thin liquid fertilizer once every 10 days until flower buds form. Usually, pay attention to appropriate watering. In summer, properly shade and cool down, so that it can bloom again in autumn.
Snapdragon propagation methods
Mainly use seed propagation and cutting propagation.
Seed propagation: In Guangdong, sowing is generally suitable after autumn, preferably October-November. Snapdragon seeds are small, about 6500-7000 seeds per gram. Sow within a temperature range of 18°C-21°C, and seedlings emerge after 1 week. Before sowing, soak the seeds in about 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 1-2 hours. After disinfection, it can kill pathogenic bacteria carried on the seed surface, and also help seed germination, promoting rapid seed germination and neat and robust seedling growth. Sowing can generally use seedbed sowing or plug tray sowing.
Seedbed sowing: The seedbed should choose sandy loam with loose soil structure, low groundwater level, good drainage, and rich organic matter. The seedbed requires fine soil particles and leveling. To prevent pests and diseases, turn and sun-dry the sowing land 2-3 times about 25 days before sowing, and disinfect the soil with carbofuran before sowing. When sowing, water the seedbed thoroughly, mix the seeds with fine sand at 1:4, evenly broadcast on the seedbed, and cover with a thin layer of plant ash after sowing. After watering, cover with a 50% shade net. Avoid direct sunlight exposure. Seedlings can be transplanted 5-6 weeks after emergence.
Plug tray sowing: Disinfection of seeds and medium is very important. Before sowing, soak the seeds in about 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 1-2 hours. Add 150-200 g of thiophanate-methyl powder per cubic meter of medium (about 20 bags), stir 2-3 times to fully mix the chemical with the medium, then stir while spraying water, adjusting until the medium is "clumps when held, but crumbles when released". Cover with plastic film and pile for 8-10 hours, then fill into plug trays. Each plug tray can sow 200 seeds, place one seed per cell. After sowing, gently press with hands to make the seeds adhere to the medium, then spray thoroughly with a sprayer and cover with newspaper or plastic film. If the nursery can control dryness, wetness and temperature, covering is not necessary. Keep the newspaper moist for a long time, and uncover the newspaper after the seeds germinate.
Cutting propagation: Cuttings can use axillary buds of robust seedlings sown in the current year, or cut the terminal buds of robust seedlings of the current year (combined with pinching) for cuttings. It can also be done after flowering: select robust plants, cut off old branches, retain 2-3 m of main stem above ground, apply compound fertilizer mainly based on nitrogen after cutting, and cut cuttings after buds emerge. The cutting length is about 3-4 nodes, cut as much as possible below the node, remove the lower leaves, and retain 1-2 upper leaves. Then mix "Root Sun" rooting agent at 400 times solution with yellow mud into mud slurry, dip the cut end of the cutting into the mud slurry, and after the mud slurry dries, insert into the nursery pond. The nursery pond should be covered with a 70% shade net. The nursery pond medium can directly use fresh river sand or fresh yellow mud. Use a thin bamboo stick to make holes in the substrate in advance, insert the cutting while making the hole, and gently compact the culture soil at the base of the cutting with two fingers so that the cutting and medium are combined. The cutting density is about 2.5 cm × 3.0 cm, with the standard that the leaves of the cuttings touch each other but do not overlap. The insertion depth is controlled so that one node enters the soil. After insertion, water thoroughly, and thereafter spray the leaf surface once a day with a sprayer. For snapdragon cuttings using "Root Sun" rooting agent, see the attached table. From the attached table, it can be seen that using "Root Sun" rooting agent for cutting propagation has significant effects, and transplantation can be done 8 days after insertion. Management is convenient, saving manpower and material resources.
Sow in open-field seedbeds in August-September. When true leaves appear, transplant at intervals of 4 cm × 4 cm. Spring-sown seedlings have their vigorous growth period during summer high temperatures, grow poorly, and are prone to pests and diseases. Seed germination has a light requirement, so do not cover with soil after sowing.
The suitable germination temperature is 18-20°C, and seedlings emerge in 5-7 days. The sowing substrate can use a mixture of 5 parts garden soil, 3 parts leaf mold, and 2 parts sand, or an equal mixture of peat, perlite, and vermiculite.
For cut flowers, when carrying out multi-branch cultivation, timely pinching and netting are required. The first pinching can be done at 4 true leaves, retaining 1-2 internodes. When the plant height is 15-20 cm, set up the first layer of netting; at 30-40 cm, set up the second layer of netting. As the plant grows taller, the net position is gradually raised.
Snapdragon likes fertilizer. Base fertilizer should be applied 20 days before planting. Commonly used fertilizers include compost, chicken manure and cake fertilizer, which are rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Topdressing depends on growth conditions, generally applying 3 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per 100 sq m each time.
To make the stems robust, potassium fertilizer should be applied appropriately in the later stage.
Snapdragon is propagated by seeds, and can also be propagated by cuttings. In production, there are two types: autumn sowing and spring sowing. Generally, autumn sowing is used in warm regions, and spring sowing in cold northern regions. Autumn sowing blooms better. Snapdragon seeds are small. When sowing, add a small amount of fine sand, broadcast evenly, without covering with soil. At about 15°C, seedlings emerge in about 10 days. Pay attention to thinning seedlings, and transplant once when there are 4-5 true leaves. For open-field ornamental purposes, proper pinching can be done to promote side branch sprouting and increase ornamental effect. To extend the flowering period, promptly cut off spent flowers after flowering, so that new flowers can continue to open. If cultivated as cut flowers, pinching should not be done, and side buds should be removed in time. Pay attention to fertilizing; nitrogen fertilizer has a good effect on snapdragon. For seed collection, cut the entire fruiting branch, dry and thresh. Seed viability can be maintained for 3-4 years.
Snapdragon disease control
Damping-off is the main disease occurring at the snapdragon seedling stage, and can be controlled by watering with captan.
Leaf blight, bacterial spot, anthracnose and other diseases infect leaves and stems, and can be controlled with Bordeaux mixture or ethyl iodophos 400 times solution. Sclerotinia disease can be sprayed with thiophanate-methyl 1000 times solution. For aphids and cutworms, 40% omethoate emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times solution can be used.
Phytophthora blight
Phytophthora blight, also known as stem rot, mainly harms stems and roots. After the pathogen invades the stem base, light brown lesions form. The lesions are water-soaked and constricted, rotting, and often cause plant death in severe cases. When air humidity is high, white filamentous material can grow on the lesions.
Control methods:
a. Strengthen cultivation management, avoid continuous cropping; promptly remove diseased plants and burn them to reduce infection sources and lower the incidence rate. 2-3 weeks before planting, disinfect the soil with formalin. Spray the soil with 30 ml of the chemical diluted 50 times with water, then cover with plastic film. Remove the covering after 5 days, and use only after 1-2 weeks when the chemical smell has dissipated.
b. Chemical control In the early stage of disease, spray with 40% fosetyl-aluminum wettable powder 300 times solution; or drench the root and stem area of the plant with 50% captafol wettable powder 800 solution, using 4 L of the chemical.
Seedling rot
It is a serious seedling-stage disease that can occur from seed germination through the entire seedling stage. The stem or root of the seedling near the soil surface begins to appear water-soaked, then gradually turns brown and constricted. In severe cases, the diseased part rots, causing the whole plant to lodge or wilt and die.
Control methods:
a. At the seedling stage, control the amount of watering; the soil should not be too wet; sow at the right time to avoid seedlings being affected by unsuitable temperatures; seedlings should not be planted too densely, and thin seedlings in time; keep the greenhouse ventilated and light-transmitting, reduce the temperature between plants, and control disease conditions. In addition, 70% quintozene powder can be used to disinfect the soil, at a dosage of 5-8 g per sq m, mixed evenly with an appropriate amount of fine sand and then broadcast.
b. Chemical control. In the early stage of disease, promptly spray the young stems of seedlings and nearby soil with 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800-1000 times solution, or spray with chlorothalonil wettable powder 800-1000 times solution.
Rust disease
Mainly harms snapdragon leaves, young stems and calyx. Diseased leaves show yellow-green blister-like water spots, which gradually expand. After the blister-like spots rupture, reddish-brown urediniospore masses are exposed, and the leaf tissue around the lesions turns light yellow. Symptoms on young stems and calyx are similar to those on leaves. Affected plants grow weakly, and in severe cases leaves scorch and die.
Control methods:
a. Promptly remove and burn diseased leaves when found to prevent spread; pay attention to ventilation and light transmission, and plants should not be planted too densely;
b. Chemical control. In the early stage of disease, spray with 15% triadimefon wettable powder 200 times solution, or 65% zineb wettable powder 400 times solution.
Leaf blight
Mainly occurs on leaves and stems. When leaves are infected, water-soaked small spots begin to appear at the leaf tip or leaf margin, then turn pale white, gradually expanding into circular or irregular brown lesions. The center of the lesion has irregular brown concentric rings, scattered with many small black dots. Infected young leaves become distorted. In severe cases, leaves shrink and die, hanging on the stem without falling off. Stem lesions are elongated or surround the stem, water-soaked, slightly sunken, gray-white in the center, dark brown at the edges. The diseased part often cracks and bears many small black dots, which sometimes arrange in concentric ring patterns. When the stem is damaged at the seedling stage, it often causes seedling lodging.
Control methods:
a. Strengthen cultivation management, promptly remove diseased leaves or pull out diseased plants and burn them to reduce primary infection sources; the greenhouse should pay attention to ventilation and air exchange, plants should not be too dense, and do not apply excessive nitrogen fertilizer.
b. Chemical control. In the early stage of disease, spray with Bordeaux mixture or 65% zineb wettable powder 600 times solution.
Gray mold
Can harm the stems, leaves and flowers of the plant, mainly flowers. The pathogen invades through weakened host tissues. When leaves are damaged, it often first occurs at the leaf tip or leaf margin. In the early stage of disease, water-soaked spots appear on the diseased part, then gradually expand, and the diseased tissue turns black-brown and rots. After the pathogen invades, it can also cause infection of pedicels and stems, producing canker spots. When the lesions surround the pedicel or stem, it can cause the flower spike to wilt. Under humid conditions, the affected parts are covered by a gray-brown mold layer, and often produce small black granular sclerotia.
Control methods:
a. Promptly remove diseased flowers and leaves, and burn them centrally to reduce infection sources. The greenhouse should strengthen ventilation, watering should not be excessive, and control the temperature and humidity inside. Reasonably apply nitrogen fertilizer, appropriately increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and improve the plant's disease resistance. During flower management, try to avoid causing wounds to plants and reduce opportunities for pathogen infection.
b. Chemical control. In the early stage of disease, choose 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 800-1000 times solution, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800-1000 times solution for spray control. Spray once a week, continuously 2-3 times.
Aphids
Usually gather on tender buds, tender leaves and tender branches to suck sap, causing the affected parts of the plant to shrink and deform. Aphids also secrete honeydew to contaminate plants and induce diseases such as sooty mold. They can be killed by spraying with 600-800 times solution of methomyl or 800 times dilution of 25% derris, or by spraying with 40% emulsifiable concentrate Supracide 800-1000 times solution. Supracide is a broad-spectrum organophosphorus scale insecticide with contact, stomach poison and strong penetrating effects. It can penetrate into plant tissues and has good control effects on chewing and piercing-sucking mouthpart pests. Spray once a week, continuously 2-3 times, with special effects on scale insects and aphids.
Red spider mites
Mostly suck leaf juice on the back of leaves, causing leaves to discolor or even curl. They can be killed by spraying with 40% dicofol diluted 1000 times with water.
Whiteflies
Sucking plant sap can cause leaves to fade, curl and shrink, and they also often become vectors for various toxins. They can be killed by spraying with 0.01% deltamethrin solution.
Thrips
Adults or nymphs parasitize plants and feed on young buds, tender leaves, flowers and young fruit. Young leaves curl after being fed on, and buds and flowers wilt after being damaged. In the early stage of disease, they can be killed by spraying with 25% derris or 40% dimethoate 400-500 times solution.
Snapdragon variety classification
Common varieties include the Floral Showers series, a tetraploid variety, plant height 15-20 cm, with good branching. Among them, bicolor varieties are more attractive, and the apricot yellow/white bicolor is the newest variety. The Chimes series, a tetraploid variety, plant height 15-20 cm, with strong branching. Tahiti, plant height 20-25 cm, rich in colors, including 5 bicolor varieties. The famous purple/white and rose red/white bicolor varieties are the earliest flowering dwarf varieties, flowering 10 days earlier. Sweetheart, plant height 15 cm, dwarf first-generation hybrid, double flowers, azalea type, rich in flower colors. Little Darling, plant height 30 cm, strong branching, azalea type. Bells, plant height 20-25 cm, butterfly flower type, among which Red Bells is a new variety and sells very well in the international flower market. In addition, new varieties include La Bella, plant height 45-50 cm, strong branching, beautiful flower shape, brilliant colors. Black Prince, plant height 40-45 cm, brown leaves, deep red flowers. Madame Butterfly, double azalea type, flower colors include pink, deep red, golden yellow, yellow, rose red, etc.
Excellent varieties should belong to the early-maturing type, with excellent quality, able to maintain brilliant flower color after cutting; strong cold resistance, with few "blind flowers"; tall and thick plants, hard flower stems, growing straight. Cutting usually begins in December, and a second cutting can be done in March-April of the following year. The quality of the second cutting is also relatively good. First-generation hybrids utilizing heterosis have become the main varieties for commercial cut flower cultivation.
(1) First-generation hybrid Saotome: Red Red Dragon: Velvet deep red
Pioneer: Deep purplish-red
Benihime: Peach Otome: Fresh peach
Mianlong, Xiyang: scarlet-orange
Wangcai, Huanglong: yellow. Bailong, Bailing, Xinxue, Baiguanglong: white.
(2) Original species
Moli: deep peach
White Miracle: pure white
Peace: pure white
Jiangzhu: milky white, etc.
Distribution range of snapdragon
Native to the Mediterranean coast of southern Europe and North Africa. It is cultivated in parks and courtyards throughout China.
Medicinal or dietary value of snapdragon
The medical information and health dietary information on Huhuawang is for reference only and cannot be used as a basis for diagnosis or medical treatment. Any health problems should be consulted with professional medical personnel, and the treatment of any disease should follow a doctor's advice.
Ultimate flower-protecting mission: love yourself, start from reality, and strictly follow a doctor's advice. For illness, do not be careless, do not delay, do not give up hope, face it bravely, warm the silent world with love, and care for the flower field in your heart with your heart.
Medicinal value
The whole plant of snapdragon can also be used as medicine, with the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, cooling blood and reducing swelling. Snapdragon is a traditional Chinese medicine in China. Its taste is slightly bitter, and its entire herb can be used as medicine. It is a cooling-natured traditional Chinese medicine. The medicinal properties of snapdragon include clearing deficiency heat, removing toxins, activating blood circulation, and eliminating swelling and pain. It can treat summer colds with fever and headache and feverish restlessness, and can also treat bone fractures, sprains, and skin abscesses and other conditions. It can be taken internally or used externally. For internal use, crush snapdragon and decoct it. However, because snapdragon is somewhat toxic, it must be taken according to a doctor's instructions, following the dosage and method. For external application, apply the crushed snapdragon powder to the suppurating area. Whole herb, bitter in taste, cool in nature. It has the functions of clearing heat and detoxifying, cooling blood and reducing swelling. For external use, it is used for bruises and sprains, sores and ulcers, and swollen toxins.
1. Medicinal scope
[Drug name]: Snapdragon
[Source]: The whole herb of the dicotyledonous medicinal plant snapdragon in the family Scrophulariaceae.
2. Plant effects
[Effects]: Clearing heat and detoxifying. Indications: used for bruises and sprains, sores and ulcers, and swollen toxins.
[Nature, flavor, and meridian entry]: Bitter, cool. Enters the liver meridian.
[Usage and dosage]: Internal use: decoct in water, 9-15 grams. External use: appropriate amount, grind into powder and sprinkle on the affected area.
[Aliases]: Longtoucai, Yangcaique (Guangxi Medicinal Plant Directory) [Textual research]: First recorded in Illustrated Higher Plants of China.
3. Plant toxicity
【Warning]: This plant is toxic. Accidental ingestion may cause swelling and pain of the throat and tongue, difficulty breathing, and stomach pain; skin allergies are possible, and contact may cause itching. Therefore, medicinal use must follow a doctor's advice.
Edible value
It is also a very good oil crop. The oil pressed from snapdragon can be consumed by humans, and it is very healthy and nutritious.
Uses and application value of snapdragon
Snapdragon is actually a flower. As its name suggests, each small petal is like a shining fish scale. Its many brightly colored flowers form a large clustered bouquet of snapdragon, with very high ornamental value. Snapdragon flowers come in white, pink, deep red, flesh color, orange, and many other colors. The most surprising thing is that a single branch of snapdragon can produce flowers of two different colors. The bicolor flowers are very astonishing, making it a plant with extremely high ornamental value. Because snapdragon flowers are large and beautiful, many countries attach great importance to using snapdragon to beautify the environment and decorate courtyards. Generally, snapdragon is planted in flowerbeds, outside windows, or placed indoors as bonsai, or a single snapdragon flower branch is used for cut flowers and other crafts. In recent years, snapdragon has risen to fame in the cut flower and flower arrangement world and has won the affection of many floral enthusiasts.
Internationally, snapdragon is widely used for potted plants, flowerbeds, windowsills, planting troughs, and indoor landscape arrangements. In recent years, it has also been used for cut flower appreciation. Therefore, progress in variety improvement of snapdragon has been very rapid, especially in Western Europe. The Dutch company S&G Seeds has made great achievements in snapdragon breeding. So far, besides dwarf varieties, semi-dwarf varieties, and tall-stemmed varieties, snapdragon also includes ultra-dwarf varieties with a plant height of 10 cm, and many are tetraploid varieties. Recently, new double-flowered azalea-type and butterfly-type varieties have also been selected and bred. In snapdragon production, in European countries such as the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Belgium, potted plants and flowerbed plants are mainly used, and there is also cut flower production. In Japan, potted flowers are mainly produced, with a small amount of cut flower production. The cultivation of snapdragon in China began in the 1930s, mainly for potted flowers, flowerbeds, and flower borders, in small quantities. After the founding of New China, although development was rapid, it was mainly arranged in park flowerbeds and flower borders, with aging varieties and single colors. After the 1980s, dwarf snapdragon varieties were introduced and widely used for potted plants and flowerbed arrangements.
Dwarf and ultra-dwarf snapdragon varieties are used for potted flower cultivation, embellishing windowsills, balconies, and doorways. Especially the double-flowered and azalea-type varieties are highly ornamental. When placed in groups in city squares to form scenic spots, the decorative effect is remarkable. Medium-stemmed and tall-stemmed varieties are used to arrange flower borders and areas beside buildings, and their landscape effect is very attractive. Of course, they are also good materials for cut flowers. Using them to make flower baskets or vase arrangements enhances a joyful and happy atmosphere.
Snapdragon is an excellent material for flowerbeds and flower borders. Tall varieties can be used as cut flowers and background material; dwarf varieties can be used for potted appreciation and as flowerbed edging; medium varieties combine the uses of both tall and dwarf varieties.
Snapdragon has many flower colors, beautiful and bright. Tall and medium types can be used for flower clusters, flower groups, and cut flowers. Medium and dwarf types are suitable for various flowerbeds, ornamental potted flowers, and so on.
Cultural background and legends of snapdragon
The flower of Saint John Calbit, who went from nobility to monk in the 11th century
Since ancient times, Christianity has had the habit of linking saints with specific flowers. This followed from the church often decorating altars with blooming flowers when commemorating saints. In medieval Catholic monasteries, various flowers were planted almost like in a horticultural center. Over time, the church combined the 366 days' saints with different flowers respectively, forming the so-called flower calendar. At that time, most monasteries were located in southern Europe, and southern Europe has a Mediterranean climate, extremely suitable for planting flowers and plants. Snapdragon was chosen as the flower to commemorate the 11th-century nobleman of Florence, Saint John Calbit, who later became a monk. Snapdragon is native to southern Europe and belongs to the Scrophulariaceae family as a perennial herbaceous plant. Although its lifespan is not long, its blooming flowers are large and beautiful, and it is quite loved by horticultural workers.
Snapdragon is a rather interesting plant. In Europe, the flower's appearance closely resembles a boxer dog; in Japan, it grows to look like a goldfish. However, this plant is not only valued for people's appreciation. The oil produced after pressing its seeds is as useful as olive oil. Therefore, its flower language is "possessing useful value." People blessed by this flower, even if they appear carefree on the surface, are in fact intellectuals with inner substance. In matters of love, timely boldness can make a rival retreat and understand that you are not someone to be trifled with.
It carries the meanings of "arrogance" and "love of showing off." Red flowers represent "good fortune ahead," yellow flowers represent "abundant gold and jade," white flowers represent "kindheartedness," pink flowers represent "dragons flying and phoenixes dancing," and purple flowers represent "blooming flowers and full moon." It is the lucky flower of Aquarius and people born in the Year of the Dragon, and also the birthday flower of those born on July 2.
1. Snapdragon - abundant gold and silver
Legend says a goldfish fell in love with a boy. The boy came to the lake to fish every day, and the goldfish would punctually watch the boy underwater whenever he came. One day the goldfish waited for the boy, but the boy never appeared again. After a long time, a flower like a fish grew by the lake, gazing toward the lake and waiting for the boy to appear.
2. Red snapdragon - good fortune ahead
Caesar, leader of the Roman Republic, wore a wreath of fiery red snapdragon before every expedition and after every victory. Caesar believed this flower could bring courage and victory to him and his soldiers.
3. White snapdragon - lively and bustling
It is said that Princess Elisabeth of the Bourbon dynasty loved horticulture and cultivation from childhood and was proficient in the art of flower arrangement. After the French Revolution broke out, the princess still went her own way. Even when she was executed by the revolutionaries, she still thought of her garden and calmly said to the executioner, would you like to visit my garden? It is much more beautiful than this world. The board beneath the princess's feet was removed, yet not a trace of pain could be seen on her face.
Character experiences
Other characters in "Hozuki's Coolheadedness." Ornamental pets improved from varieties by Hozuki. They are classified as "animals and plants" and differ from the "snapdragon" that exists in the human world; the flowers grow just like goldfish. The longest-lived varieties can exceed 3 m in height. Every autumn the flowers' appearance turns red, and the middle also becomes red-purple (Karakasa says it "looks like cyanosis"). Among collectors, it seems to have the name "messy turquoise" and is quite highly priced. It has many enthusiasts, so a selection event is held every autumn. In addition, different individuals seem to have different calls and can also be used to communicate. Also, the varieties cultivated by Hozuki have the ability to walk on their own. Not only are they edible (in the work they are made into sashimi and can also become grilled fish), but Hakutaku also sells a stamina tonic made by boiling 100 withered snapdragons. Momotaro, on the other hand, says, "Although it can make you stronger, won't it make people strange?" and feels uneasy, but Hakutaku says, "There are absolutely no side effects."
Flower language of snapdragon
Snapdragon: pure heart
White snapdragon: kindheartedness
Red snapdragon: good fortune ahead
Pink snapdragon: dragons flying and phoenixes dancing, good luck and happiness
Yellow snapdragon: abundant gold and silver
Purple snapdragon: blooming flowers and full moon
Variegated snapdragon: huge profits
Birthday flower: snapdragon. Flower language: possessing useful value
Snapdragon pictures