How to choose pesticides? Keep the six do's and six don'ts principle firmly in mind
Choose targeted and pollution-free pesticides; do not blindly choose and use highly toxic pesticides
Every fungicide or insecticide has its own scope for preventing diseases and controlling pests. On the basis of matching the remedy to the problem, you should also consider choosing pollution-free pesticides. Currently common targeted pollution-free agents include: for controlling ring rot fruit disease, systemic ones include carbendazim, jinggangmycin, thiophanate-methyl, and chlorothalonil; protective ones include mancozeb (Dasan, Penke, etc. are best), iprodione (Rovral), thiram, tuijunte, and Bordeaux mixture; for controlling red spot and black spot diseases there are fosetyl-aluminum (ineffective against fruit rot), mancozeb (Dasan, Penke, etc.), polyoxin (polyoxin, polyoxorin), Bordeaux mixture, tuijunte, chlorothalonil, and iprodione (Rovral); for controlling apple small leafroller, cotton bollworm, peach fruit borer and other leaf- and fruit-feeding pests there are chlorpyrifos (also called Lesiben, which also controls woolly apple aphid, Kondo mealybug, and green plant bug), diazinon (Nongdile), BT biological insecticide, methomyl (Lannate), and pyrethroids (cypermethrin, etc.); for controlling hawthorn red spider mite, apple red spider mite, and two-spotted spider mite (white spider mite) there are abamectin and azocyclotin; for controlling golden striped leafminer there are diflubenzuron and triflumuron, etc. Use pyridaben (Saomanjing, etc.) or clofentezine (Mansijing, etc.) to control two-spotted spider mite, use clofentezine to control adult hawthorn red spider mites and apple red spider mites, use pyridaben to control hawthorn red spider mite or apple red spider mite eggs, use carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl to control red spot disease, and use polyoxin to control ring rot fruit disease.
Use single-ingredient and multi-purpose pesticides more; do not use, or use less of, compound and single-purpose pesticides
Because single-ingredient pesticides are mostly the base ingredients of compound pesticides, for example many compound fungicides contain carbendazim; after compound pesticides are renamed, the active ingredient is still carbendazim, but they can be sold at a high price under a new name. 1 kg of 50% carbendazim costs about 20 yuan, and after renaming it can sell for more than 40 yuan. Therefore it is generally advocated to use pure single-ingredient "old" pesticides, and not to use or to use less of compound pesticides. At the same time, if one pesticide can solve the problem, do not use two; if a multi-purpose pesticide can solve it, do not use a single-purpose one. For example, chlorpyrifos can simultaneously control woolly apple aphid, Kondo mealybug, green plant bug, apple small leafroller, cotton bollworm, peach fruit borer, and many other pests. Bordeaux mixture and azoles (Fuxing, etc.) both prevent fruit rot and leaf drop. Abamectin controls hawthorn red spider mite and apple red spider mite as well as two-spotted spider mite.
Use pesticides from famous-brand enterprises more; do not use pesticides from small factories and off-brand products
Generally, imported famous-brand pesticides are more reliable in quality than domestic ones. At the same time, pesticides from domestic famous-brand enterprises are more reliable in quality than off-brand pesticides, and pesticides from large manufacturers are more reliable in quality than those from small manufacturers.
Calculate cost and price; do not waste money
The purpose of reducing costs is to increase efficiency. In production, most orchards have room to save more than 20% on pesticide costs. Quite a few fruit growers think that as long as they can kill the insects and cure the diseases, it is fine, regardless of whether the cost is high or low. The worst case is spending good money on pesticides that cannot cure the pests and diseases. You can calculate the price of each active ingredient based on its content, then compare it with the active ingredient prices of conventional pesticides, and use whichever is cheaper; compound pesticides are generally more expensive.
Check the label and packaging; do not be deceived
First, check the three certificates: production license, pesticide registration certificate, and quality standard certificate; none of the three may be missing. Second, check whether the active ingredient and content are present; neither may be missing. Third, check whether there is an ex-factory inspection certificate; without one it is substandard. Fourth, check the factory name, address, postal code, production date, batch number, and shelf life; if any one is missing it is substandard. Fifth, check whether the packaging is crudely made and whether the packaging opening is loose. At the same time, use pesticides according to the dosage specified on the pesticide label, and do not arbitrarily increase the concentration, so as to avoid increasing costs, increasing pest resistance, and even causing poisoning in humans and animals.
Test first and ask for receipts; do not use without testing and do not leave evidence
In recent years there have not been many truly new-ingredient pesticides for pest and disease control. For the few that are indeed new ingredients, first conduct a small-area test, and only after success use them over a large area. At the same time, when purchasing pesticides, ask the dealer for a receipt, in case no evidence can be found when pesticide damage occurs.