What kind of environmental conditions does enoki mushroom cultivation require?
Homemade substrate. Take 84% cottonseed hulls, 14% wheat bran, 1% gypsum, 0.2% monopotassium phosphate, 0.25% magnesium sulfate, and 0.55% carbendazim, mix them evenly, then add water at a material-to-water ratio of 1:1.3 and mix well to make the culture substrate. Filling and sterilization. Put the culture substrate into wide-mouth bottles or bags; when filling, it must be neither too loose nor too tight...
1. Temperature. Each growth stage of enoki mushroom has different temperature requirements. The temperature range for mycelial growth is 3-34°C, with an optimum of about 23°C; the temperature required for fruiting body differentiation is 10-15°C, with an optimum of 12-13°C; primordia can grow in the range of 10-20°C, and above 23°C the formed primordia will shrivel and disappear. The temperature required for normal fruiting body growth is 5-20°C, with an optimum of 8-12°C. After fruiting bodies appear, a short-term cold-air inhibition treatment at 4°C can make enoki mushrooms fruit uniformly and produce round, well-formed mushrooms.2. Humidity. During the mycelial growth stage of enoki mushroom, the water content of the culture substrate is required to be 60%-68%. Practice has shown that, depending on the texture of the culture substrate, appropriately increasing the water content of the culture substrate can play a certain role in increasing yield. If the water content of the culture substrate is below 50%, the mycelia grow sparsely and the structure is poor; if the water content is above 75%, then aeration is poor, and mycelial growth is slow or stops. The optimum water content of the culture substrate for fruiting body formation is 65%; below 50%, fruiting bodies will not form. During primordium differentiation, the relative air humidity should be kept at 80%-85%; during the fruiting body development stage, a relatively high relative air humidity is required. In addition to relying on its own moisture to satisfy the growth and development of the mushroom body, the relative air humidity should be raised to 85%-95%.
3. Air. Enoki mushroom is an aerobic fungus and must have an adequate oxygen supply to grow normally. Therefore, during the mycelial growth stage and the fruiting body development stage, sufficient oxygen is needed; otherwise, the mushrooms grow slowly, the stipes are slender, no caps form, and they become needle-tip mushrooms. The fruiting bodies of enoki mushroom are very sensitive to carbon dioxide concentration in the air. When the carbon dioxide content exceeds 1%, it inhibits cap development, and when it exceeds 5%, fruiting bodies cannot form.
4. Light. Enoki mushroom is a light-avoiding fungus. The mycelia can grow normally under dark conditions, and primordia can also form in complete darkness. During the fruiting body growth stage, a certain amount of scattered light promotes the formation of fruiting bodies.
5. Acidity and alkalinity. Enoki mushroom needs a weakly acidic medium and can grow normally within the pH range of 3-8.4. During the mycelial growth stage, the optimum pH of the culture substrate is 4-7. Within a certain pH range, a slightly alkaline culture substrate will delay the occurrence of fruiting bodies, while a slightly acidic culture substrate makes the mycelia grow vigorously. Fruiting bodies are produced most abundantly and quickly at pH 5-6. If the pH in the culture substrate is below 3 or above 8, the mycelia stop growing or no fruiting bodies form.