What types of deformed oyster mushrooms are there? Detailed explanation of prevention and control methods
Deformed mushrooms are a relatively common physiological disorder in oyster mushroom production, seriously affecting the yield and quality of oyster mushrooms, and even causing them to completely lose their commercial value. This disorder is mainly caused by improper management, and in a few cases by spawn degeneration, mutation, or viral infection. The main types of deformed mushrooms include: 1. Tall-stemmed mushroom, with a small cap...
Deformed mushrooms are a relatively common physiological disorder in oyster mushroom production, seriously affecting the yield and quality of oyster mushrooms, and even causing them to completely lose their commercial value. This disorder is mainly caused by improper management, and in a few cases by spawn degeneration, mutation, or viral infection.The main types of deformed mushrooms include:
1. Tall-stemmed mushroom: the cap is small, differentiation is poor, and the stipe is relatively long. The cause is that during the primordium formation and differentiation stage, the mushroom house is short of oxygen, light is insufficient, and the temperature is relatively high, which affects the normal differentiation and development of the cap. Prevention and control methods: strengthen ventilation, and adjust light and temperature.
2. Tumor-capped mushroom: the cap shows mainly many granular protrusions at the edge, light in color, the cap is stiff, and growth is slow; in severe cases, cap differentiation is poor and the shape is irregular. The cause is that the temperature during fruiting body development is too low and lasts for a relatively long time, causing imbalanced growth between the inner and outer layers of cells. Prevention and control methods: adjust the mushroom house temperature to above the minimum temperature limit for oyster mushroom growth, and maintain a certain temperature difference to promote fruiting body growth, development, and differentiation.
3. Cauliflower mushroom: the mushroom body looks like cauliflower, with many branches; at first the primordium is egg-shaped, swells, bulges, and does not differentiate. In the later stage it has many branches. The cause is that before or during fruiting, a high-concentration pesticide was sprayed on the mushroom bed or in the mushroom house, especially "dichlorvos"; young mushrooms are extremely sensitive and most likely to develop this disorder. It may also be that the mushroom house contains other harmful gases, such as excessively high carbon dioxide concentration or sulfur dioxide released by coal burning. Prevention and control methods: use pesticides with caution in the mushroom house, and do not use them at too high a concentration. In particular, dichlorvos must absolutely not be used during the fruiting period. Strengthen ventilation to remove harmful gases.
4. Shrunken mushroom: the fruiting body is normal at first, but during the expansion stage it turns yellow, becomes water-soaked or shriveled, stops growing, and finally softens and rots. The water-soaked type is caused by excessive humidity or too much water sprayed directly on young fruiting bodies, causing the mushroom tissue to absorb water, which affects respiration and metabolism and causes growth to stop and death. The shriveled type is caused by relatively low air relative humidity and overly strong ventilation, with wind blowing directly on the fruiting bodies, causing the oyster mushrooms to lose water and die. Alternatively, the substrate nutrition is imbalanced; after a large number of primordia form, some grow rapidly while the rest stagnate due to insufficient nutrient supply. Prevention and control measures: control humidity between 80 and 85%, do not spray water on young fruiting bodies, and do not let wind blow directly on the fruiting bodies. Reasonably match the proportions of the substrate components. A few shrunken mushrooms are caused by spawn degeneration, with symptoms of the cap curling back, turning yellow, and shrinking before it has grown large enough. Prevention and control methods: select excellent varieties.
5. Coral mushroom: the primordium differentiates abnormally, is loose, and has many fine branches, shaped like coral. The cause is that when the primordium forms, ventilation is seriously poor, light is extremely weak, and nitrogen sources are lacking. Prevention and control: strengthen ventilation and light regulation, adjust the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and add nitrogen sources.