Methods and Technical Key Points for Cultivating Wood Ear Mushroom (Black Fungus) with Rice Straw
How to cultivate wood ear mushroom with rice straw? Please explain. After the autumn harvest, rural areas have large amounts of leftover rice straw, and throwing it away is a great pity. Cultivating wood ear mushroom with rice straw works very well and is also a path to wealth for farmer friends. Practice has shown that generally every 100 kg of rice straw can yield more than 10 kg of dried wood ear mushroom,...
How to cultivate wood ear mushroom with rice straw? Please explain
After the autumn harvest, rural areas have large amounts of leftover rice straw, and throwing it away is a great pity. Cultivating wood ear mushroom with rice straw works very well and is also a path to wealth for farmer friends. Practice has shown that generally every 100 kg of rice straw can yield more than 10 kg of dried wood ear mushroom, and with high yields one can obtain a net income of more than 200 yuan from this. Wood ear mushroom can be cultivated with rice straw either in bottles or in bags. The cultivation techniques include the following points:
First, select dry, fresh, mold-free rice straw as the raw material; select dry, fresh rice bran and wheat bran as auxiliary materials. For fertilizer, superphosphate and gypsum powder can be used; the former is used to adjust the pH of the culture material and can also provide phosphorus, while the latter is used to adjust the pH of the culture material and can also promote the decomposition of nutrients by the mycelium. For the selected rice straw, if bottle cultivation is adopted, the rice straw should be cut into small pieces about 3 cm long, soaked for 10 hours, and taken out for later use. If bag cultivation is adopted, the rice straw should be crushed, and before bagging, water should be added while mixing so that the rice straw powder is thoroughly moistened. The formula ratio for the culture material for cultivating wood ear mushroom with rice straw is: rice straw 66%, rice bran 20%, wheat bran 10%, superphosphate 1.5%, gypsum powder 1%, sucrose 1.5%, plus 150 ml of wood ear mushroom yield-increasing agent and multiplication agent. The material-to-water ratio is 1:2. For bottle cultivation, two layers of old newspaper can be used, plus one layer of plastic film to wrap the bottle mouth.
Second, sterilization and inoculation. For bottle cultivation, it is best to use wide-mouth cans. All tools used should be strictly disinfected with 0.1% potassium permanganate or 3% Lysol or 75% alcohol.
The inoculation box and inoculation room should be fumigated and disinfected with formalin; the culture room should be spray-disinfected with 0.3% benzalkonium bromide and 3% Lysol aqueous solution. The culture material should be sterilized under 1-2 kg pressure for one and a half to two hours. If normal-pressure sterilization is used, it should be kept for 10 hours after the water boils. Bagged materials should be arranged in layers with one layer of bags and one layer of paper to prevent overlapping and squeezing from affecting the sterilization effect. After disinfection, when the bottles or bags have cooled to about 35°C, they should be moved into the inoculation room and inoculation box for inoculation. Inoculation should be done while retaining heat. After the culture bottles or bags are placed into the inoculation box or inoculation room, they should be disinfected with a mixture of formalin and potassium permanganate and sealed for half an hour. Then, 70%-75% alcohol should be used to disinfect the hands and inoculation tools. During inoculation, the mycelial film on the surface of the spawn should be removed, and the spawn should be dug out and inoculated into the bottles or bags. Each bottle of cultivation spawn can inoculate 45-65 bottles or 30 bags of rice straw culture material.
Third, spawn running and mushroom induction. Place the inoculated bottles or bags into the culture room. They can be stacked, but do not move them too much.
Keep the culture room dark and clean, and ventilate frequently. From 1-6 days after inoculation, the temperature in the culture room should be controlled at 25-28°C so that the wood ear mushroom mycelium can germinate and colonize as quickly as possible and reduce contamination by miscellaneous fungi. From the 7th to the 15th day, the room temperature should be lowered to 22-25°C so that the mycelium becomes thick and strong. At this stage, humidity is generally not considered. After 30-40 days, the entire culture material can be fully covered with mycelium. For bottle cultivation, 10 days after the mycelium reaches the bottom of the bottle, the sealing newspaper or kraft paper should be removed, leaving only one layer of transparent film wrapping the bottle mouth, and then more than ten holes should be pricked in the film with a needle to promote the growth of mushroom buds. Then place the bottles horizontally on the ground and stack them 7-10 layers high. The bottles can also be moved to an outdoor mushroom yard with shading facilities for mushroom induction management. For bag cultivation, when the culture material is fully covered with mycelium, oxygen should be allowed to penetrate into the bag. At this time, the temperature of the culture room should be 20-23°C, the relative humidity should be 80%, and a 0.5 cm inoculation punch should be used to make several mushroom emergence holes around the bag in a triangular arrangement, with a hole spacing of 5-6 cm. With sufficient oxygen in contact with the bag material, mycelial development accelerates. To promote mushroom emergence, newspaper can be covered on top of the bags and water sprayed on the newspaper to maintain a relative humidity of 85%-90%. Direct light should be avoided indoors to prevent excessive evaporation of water from the bag material.
Fourth, mushroom emergence management. When the wood ear mushroom is as large as a soybean grain, remove the sealing film from the bottle and carry out moisture retention for mushroom emergence.
Generally, during the bud stage, the relative humidity of the mushroom house should be 85%-90%; during the stage when the mushroom stem is wrinkled, the relative humidity should be 90%-95%; and during the early stage of expansion and contraction, the humidity should be above 95%. When spraying water, there are "three observations": observe the weather, spray less or not at all when it is cloudy and rainy, and spray more when it is clear and dry; observe the shape of the mushrooms, spray less when the mushrooms are small, spray less when in a water-soaked state, and spray more when there are many and dense mushrooms; observe the temperature, when it is above 25°C, focus on heat preservation during the day and spray water at night; when it is above 20°C, spray water in the morning and evening; when it is around 15°C, spray more during the day. Also note that water must not accumulate for a long time at the mouths of the bottles or bags, to prevent the wood ear mushroom from autolyzing and affecting mushroom yield. When the temperature is above 15°C, 0.1% urea and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution should be applied as a top dressing in combination with water spraying. When the temperature is below 15°C, about 1.5% glucose solution should be applied as a top dressing. Spray the fertilizer solution directly onto the mushroom flakes. After the first batch of mushrooms is harvested, water spraying should be stopped for 5-7 days to allow the mycelium to resume growth. The management method is the same as what we introduced earlier, and fertilization needs to be carried out in combination with water spraying.
Fifth, harvesting and processing. The growth period of wood ear mushroom is generally about 100 days. When the color of the wood ear mushroom changes from dark to light, the mushroom flakes expand, the edges curl inward, the base shrinks, the flakes become soft, the flesh is thick and elastic, and white spore powder appears on the underside, it has reached maturity. It should be harvested promptly on sunny days, with frequent and careful harvesting, to ensure high quality and high yield of the wood ear mushroom. Wood ear mushroom processing can be done by sun-drying or drying over a low fire. To prevent moisture regain, it should be sealed in plastic bags and stored in a dry, ventilated, clean, pest-free warehouse.
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