High-temperature mushroom cultivation methods and techniques: teach you to grow good mushrooms
How to grow high-temperature mushrooms well? Please advise. High-temperature mushrooms are also known as large fat mushrooms, high-temperature button mushrooms, and double-ring mushrooms, which are taxonomically different from Agaricus bisporus. High-temperature mushrooms have the following characteristics: First, they have stronger adaptability than Agaricus bisporus and are more heat-tolerant; their mycelial growth temperature is 5°C higher than that of Agaricus bisporus, that is...
How to grow high-temperature mushrooms well? Please advise.
High-temperature mushrooms are also known as large fat mushrooms, high-temperature button mushrooms, and double-ring mushrooms, which are taxonomically different from Agaricus bisporus. High-temperature mushrooms have the following characteristics: First, they have stronger adaptability than Agaricus bisporus and are more heat-tolerant; their mycelial growth temperature is 5°C higher than that of Agaricus bisporus, that is, the mycelium grows faster at 30°C than at 26°C, and the fruiting bodies still have a relatively high fruiting rate at 23-25°C; Second, high-temperature mushrooms have strong stress resistance and are suitable for extensive cultivation; they are relatively tolerant of heat, drought, water, and carbon dioxide, and have strong resistance to nematodes, mushroom diseases, and even to diseases pathogenic to Agaricus bisporus such as Mycogone perniciosa and Diehliomyces microsporus; Third, these mushrooms open their caps late, do not discolor easily when injured, resist compression, and are easy to store and transport.
(1) Spawn production: High-temperature mushrooms grow well on PDA medium. If, based on the amount of PDA medium, an additional 10-15% glucose is added, mycelial growth will be promoted. High-temperature mushrooms grow well on manure-straw medium, especially on manure-straw that has undergone secondary fermentation. When making production spawn, after the mycelium has fully colonized the bottle, it should be left for 20-30 days before spawning, 10-15 days longer than ordinary wheat grain spawn, for better results. This differs from Agaricus bisporus.
(2) Material preparation:
1. Formula: The Agaricus bisporus formula can be used as a reference. Calculated per 100 sq m, use 2000 kg of dry rice straw, 1000 kg of dry cow manure, 80 kg of cake meal, 30 kg of urea, 30 kg of sulfuric acid, 60 kg of superphosphate, 50 kg of gypsum, 30 kg of calcium sulfate, and 60 kg of lime.
2. Stacking: When stacking, add 2% lime; after stacking for 2-3 days, add 1% ammonium sulfate, 2% calcium phosphate, and 1% calcium sulfate. When turning the pile, mix these evenly into the compost, stack it 1 m wide and 1.2 m wide, with one layer of rice straw and one layer of cow manure, and from the 3rd layer onward evenly add water and auxiliary materials. Turn the pile once every 3 days, and finally do one empty turning, for a total of 4 times. Add auxiliary materials separately for the first 3 times; during the empty turning, spray a little more water so that a tight squeeze of the compost produces dripping water.
3. Filling the beds: Close the mushroom house windows and doors tightly and disinfect with an aerosol disinfectant. Spread a 6.7 cm thick layer of rice straw cut into small sections on the bed bottom, add bran or rice husk at 10-15% of the rice straw amount, 2% superphosphate, and then add an appropriate amount of water (55% moisture content). Pile the stacked compost on the bed surface already covered with rice straw, to a height of 8-10 cm, 10-12 cm in the middle, forming an arc on the bed surface. The compost layer must not be too thick, otherwise it will raise the material temperature and cause large-scale outbreaks of diseases and pests.
4. Secondary fermentation: Two days after filling the beds, the temperature begins to rise; after it starts to decline slightly, carry out secondary fermentation immediately. Introduce steam into the mushroom house so that the material temperature reaches above 60°C and maintain it for 12-18 hours. When the temperature rises to 69°C, there is no need to add heat. After 18 hours, lower the temperature to the range of 45°C-52°C and keep it there for 4-5 days; secondary fermentation is then considered complete.
(3) Spawning: Before and after spawning, pay attention to maintaining indoor air circulation and open the ventilation windows at both ends of the mushroom house appropriately. Spawning can be done when the temperature is 26°C and the bed temperature is 30°C.
The spawning rate for high-temperature mushrooms should be slightly higher than that for Agaricus bisporus. Generally, conventional spawning methods can be used, with one broadcast spawning after hole spawning. This not only prevents widespread infection by diseases and pests, but also promotes mycelial extension into the compost layer, helps advance casing, and increases yield.
(4) Casing: Casing materials should be strictly disinfected. For each cubic meter of dry soil, spray 10 kg of 5% formaldehyde liquid, cover with plastic film and seal for disinfection for 24-48 hours, then mix in 1-2% lime. Before the casing material is put on the beds, it should be pre-wetted together with disinfection. The pre-wetting water amount should be 50-70% of the normal water amount after casing. As for casing time, for spring spawning it should be done 30 days after spawning, and for autumn spawning 20 days after spawning. In short, casing should be done after the mycelium has almost fully covered the beds. The casing thickness is 3-4 cm, and it should be kept moist at all times. Apply the total amount of casing in 2-3 applications. After each application, once the bed surface becomes slightly dry, spray fine water again.
(5) Fruiting: Several days before fruiting, reduce ventilation. Spray water sufficiently and increase the frequency appropriately. When fruiting bodies appear, spray heavy water once, and keep indoor humidity at 75-85%.
High temperature and high humidity easily cause bacterial spot disease. Lime powder should be sprinkled directly on the mushroom beds, or 0.1% bleaching powder solution should be sprayed on the mushroom beds to raise the pH of the beds. The mushroom house should be kept clean, and sterilizing and insecticidal pesticides should be sprayed frequently on the floor or the four walls.
Click to get more mushroom cultivation techniques
Click to get more edible fungus cultivation techniques