What are the planting seasons and cultivation methods for the tea tree mushroom?
Which season is suitable for planting the tea tree mushroom, and what cultivation methods are there? Please introduce 1. Arrangement of the cultivation season. In the Jiangxi region, bag-making in the two periods of March to April or September to November is better; at this time the temperature and humidity are favorable for mycelial growth, and contamination by foreign molds is low. 2. Cultivation site. Besides a standard mushroom house, choose a site that is bright but can be shaded, well ventilated and close to a water source. In rural areas, idle open land or rice fields can also be used to build simple greenhouses, requiring clean and hygienic surroundings, with no garbage or manure piles, and no weeds or insect pests; if conditions permit, a spawn-running room can be set up.
Which season is suitable for planting the tea tree mushroom, and what cultivation methods are there? Please introduce
1. Arrangement of the cultivation season
In the Jiangxi region, bag-making in the two periods of March to April or September to November is better; at this time the temperature and humidity are favorable for mycelial growth, and contamination by foreign molds is low.
2. Cultivation site
Besides a standard mushroom house, choose a site that is bright but can be shaded, well ventilated and close to a water source. In rural areas, idle open land or rice fields can also be used to build simple greenhouses, requiring clean and hygienic surroundings, with no garbage or manure piles, and no weeds or insect pests; if conditions permit, a spawn-running room can be set up.
3. Substrate formula
The tea tree mushroom is a domesticated fungus and requires a nutrient-rich substrate. Generally, 52% sawdust, 26% cottonseed hulls, 19% wheat bran, and 1% each of sugar, lime and gypsum. The sawdust should be mixed hardwood sawdust from broadleaf trees, and the cottonseed hulls are best as short-fiber crushed hulls. To increase nutrition, the proportion of wheat bran is higher than for general mushrooms.
4. Mixing the substrate and filling bags
First mix all the ingredients evenly in dry form according to the proportions, then add clean water and mix thoroughly. The water content should be kept at 70-75%. For filling bags, generally use 15 cm x 30 cm, 5-micron polypropylene film bags. The substrate must be packed firmly, with 0.3-0.4 kg of dry substrate per bag. After the bags are filled, handle them gently to prevent punctures that could lead to contamination; if conditions permit, an additional outer bag can be added.
5. Disinfection, inoculation and incubation
Disinfection usually uses a large atmospheric-pressure sterilizer. At the start of disinfection, use a strong fire to raise the temperature rapidly to 97-100 degrees C, and keep it above 95 degrees C for 12-14 hours. When the temperature in the sterilizer drops to 50-60 degrees C, remove the bags and carry them while hot to the inoculation room to reduce contamination. Inoculation can only be done after the spawn bags have cooled to below 30 degrees C. The entire process should be carried out under strict aseptic operation. After inoculation, move them into the incubation room, with the incubation temperature controlled between 20-26 degrees C, and do a good job of shading and ventilation. If the temperature is on the high side, pay attention to adjusting the temperature and turning the bags to prevent burning the spawn, and check for foreign mold contamination through turning the piles.
6. Fruiting management
After the spawn bags are fully covered with mycelium, increase the temperature stimulation: open the windows at night and close them during the day. Keep humidity at 85-95%, which is favorable for fruiting body formation. When the spawn bags turn brown, the bags can be opened for fruiting. At the same time, strengthen humidity and ventilation management, spraying 2-3 times a day. After opening the bags, fruiting generally begins in 15-20 days, and the mushrooms can usually be harvested in 5-7 days. After harvest, stop watering for 5-6 days to let the mycelium recover and grow, then produce another 3-5 flushes. The average biological efficiency can reach more than 100%.
7. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests
The main diseases are: green mold, Neurospora, and Rhizopus. Prevention methods: first, pay attention to strengthening ventilation and avoid excessive humidity; second, after opening the bags or after harvest, frequently spray some disease-prevention agents and scatter some lime powder on the ground. If individual spawn bags are found to be contaminated, deal with them promptly. The main insect pest is the mushroom fly. Especially for overwintering spawn bags that fruit again in early spring, strengthen inspection, detect them in time and deal with them immediately, spraying insecticides such as beta-cypermethrin.
8. Harvesting and processing
When the color of the mushroom cap gradually fades from dark reddish-brown, and the fruiting body has grown to 70-80% maturity with the partial veil not yet broken, harvesting at this time gives good commercial quality, better storability and transportability, and the processed dried product is more tender. After each flush is harvested, promptly clean the fruiting surface, such as old mushroom bases and old substrate surface, which can reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests and maintain the quality and fruiting uniformity of the next flush. Processing is mainly by air drying.
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