Cultivation Methods and Technical Key Points for Oversummering Auricularia polytricha
How to cultivate oversummering Auricularia polytricha? Please give guidance. For substitute-material cultivation of Auricularia polytricha and Auricularia maxima, there are two types: spring cultivation and autumn cultivation, and in most regions it is spring cultivation. However, in spring cultivation, the early stage generally has low temperatures, making mycelial growth difficult; in the later stage, the fruiting temperature is high, resulting in many malformed fruiting bodies. To solve this problem, soil-covering oversummering cultivation is carried out. Feeding 200...
How to cultivate oversummering Auricularia polytricha? Please give guidance
For substitute-material cultivation of Auricularia polytricha and Auricularia maxima, there are two types: spring cultivation and autumn cultivation, and in most regions it is spring cultivation. However, in spring cultivation, the early stage generally has low temperatures, making mycelial growth difficult; in the later stage, the fruiting temperature is high, resulting in many malformed fruiting bodies. To solve this problem, soil-covering oversummering cultivation is carried out. With 2000 kg of material fed, 4000 fungus bags were made, and after mycelial growth the success rate was 90%. By the end of September, a total of 2934 kg of fresh fruiting bodies had been harvested, with a biological efficiency of 159.46%, achieving relatively good economic benefits. The cultivation techniques are as follows:
(1) Making fungus logs For soil-covering oversummering cultivation of Auricularia polytricha, the inoculation time for making fungus logs should be delayed by 30-45 days compared with conventional spring cultivation, that is, late April to early May. At this time, the temperature is 20-30°C, which is just suitable for the growth of Auricularia polytricha mycelium. Preparation of culture material: 80% cottonseed hulls, 16% wheat bran, and 1% each of sugar, gypsum, quicklime, and superphosphate. The material-to-water ratio is about 1:1.2. First dissolve the sugar and superphosphate in water, then sprinkle water while mixing the material until evenly mixed. Put the material into 17 x 33 cm polyethylene bags, with about 500 grams of dry material per bag, seal the openings, and sterilize at normal pressure. After inoculation, move them into the mycelial growth room and stack them in a crisscross pattern, 6-8 layers high. The mycelial growth room requires good ventilation and shading, with the temperature controlled below 30°C. Open the doors and windows once in the morning and once in the evening for ventilation, 30 minutes each time. In the later stage of mycelial growth, the temperature gradually rises, so the frequency and duration of ventilation should be increased accordingly. Turn the stacks once a week, check the mycelial growth, and remove contaminated fungus logs. If the mycelium is found to be growing poorly or not colonizing the material, puncture holes to increase oxygen and promote mycelial growth. Generally, after 35-40 days of cultivation, the mycelium can fill the material bags.
(2) Removing bags and covering with soil After the material bags are fully colonized by mycelium, they can be removed from the bags and cultivated with soil covering. Before removing the bags, first level the land and make beds. Choose a cool, well-ventilated area near a water source (among trees or using a shiitake mushroom shed), level the land, and make beds 1 m wide, 20 cm deep, and of unlimited length. The bed surface should be arched like a turtle shell, and a thin layer of lime should be scattered on the bed surface. Then wipe the fungus logs with a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution, use a sharp blade to cut open the film and remove the bags, arrange them neatly on the bed, and cover with a 2 cm thick layer of vegetable garden soil or fine field soil. The soil should be fertile and loose. Finally, set up an arched frame and cover with film to retain moisture.
(3) Fruiting management The key to management after soil covering is water regulation. Generally, watering management starts on the second day after soil covering, spraying once in the morning and once in the evening. Because summer has arrived at this time, with high temperatures and large evaporation, spraying should be done finely and lightly so that water penetrates the soil and the covering soil remains moist at all times. Generally, 2-3 days after soil covering, the mycelium begins to extend toward the soil surface, and after about 12 days fruiting buds appear, entering the fruiting stage. At this time, on sunny days, spraying should be increased to 3-4 times per day. Spraying should be combined with ventilation, alternating dry and wet conditions, so as to keep the fruiting bodies from drying out and curling at the edges. On rainy days, cover with film to protect from rain, but leave ventilation openings at both ends. During this period, the fruiting area should also be kept fresh with air, and the air humidity controlled at 90-95%. If, about 15 days after fruiting buds appear, the fruiting bodies are fully expanded, the edges have wavy lines, and the base of the fruiting body is loose, they can be harvested. After harvesting the first flush, promptly remove the residual fruiting body bases on the surface of the covering soil, stop watering for 2-3 days, and cover with film to retain heat so that the mycelium can resume growth. After about 4-5 days, when the second-flush fruiting buds begin to form, uncover the film for ventilation, spray water to retain moisture, and the method is the same as before. Under normal conditions, 5-6 flushes can be harvested, and the biological efficiency stabilizes at about 150%.
Soil-covering oversummering cultivation of Auricularia polytricha has the advantages of stable material temperature, less contamination, fast fruiting, large and neat fruiting bodies, distinct flushes, and no limitation by site. At the same time, it can overcome the shortcomings of slow mycelial growth during the mycelial growth period in spring cultivation and difficulty in fruiting due to low temperatures in the later stage of autumn cultivation. In addition, because moisture retention is enhanced after soil covering, it avoids the phenomenon of excessive water loss in conventional bag cultivation, and therefore has an obvious yield-increasing effect.
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