How to grow tea tree mushrooms? Detailed guide to tea tree mushroom cultivation methods
How are tea tree mushrooms grown? Is there anyone online who can help explain the cultivation method for tea tree mushrooms? Zhongdi Network has compiled the following for reference by readers. 1. Cultivation environment conditions for tea tree mushrooms: The mycelial growth temperature of tea tree mushrooms is 3-35°C, with the optimum growth temperature being 23-28°C. When the temperature is above 30°C, the mycelium grows...
How are tea tree mushrooms grown? Is there anyone online who can help explainthe cultivation method for tea tree mushrooms? Zhongdi Network has compiled the following for reference by readers.
1. Cultivation environment conditions for tea tree mushrooms:
The mycelial growth temperature of tea tree mushrooms is 3-35°C, with the optimum growth temperature being 23-28°C. When the temperature is above 30°C, mycelial growth weakens or even stops. The fruiting body differentiation and development temperature is 23-26°C, with the optimum temperature being 18-24°C. Higher or lower temperatures will both delay primordium differentiation.
According to experiments, fruiting is best when the temperature is around 20°C, and it takes about 10 d from pinning to maturity. During the mycelial growth stage of tea tree mushrooms, the suitable moisture content of the substrate is 60%-65%. During mycelial growth, the relative air humidity is best at 65%-70%.
The mycelial growth stage does not require light, and excessively bright scattered light inhibits mycelial growth. Tea tree mushrooms are aerobic fungi and are very sensitive to CO2. Poor ventilation and excessively high CO2 content cause slender stipes, hindered cap development, and easy opening of the veil or deformity. The mycelium can grow within a pH range of 4-7, with best growth at pH 4.5-5.5. When the pH is below 4 or above 7, mycelial growth will be poor.
2、Tea tree mushroomPreparation before planting
Tea tree mushrooms can be cultivated in modes such as indoor shelf upright bag fruiting, bag-removed soil-covered fruiting, and mushroom-wall bag cultivation. For spring planting, bags are generally made and inoculated from late February to early March, with fruiting in April-May; for autumn planting, bags are made and inoculated at the end of August and in early September, with fruiting in October-November. Tea tree mushrooms in bag cultivation usually fruit indoors (in a shed).
Choose a site with higher terrain, good ventilation and sunlight, convenient transportation, close to a water source, and no surrounding pollution to build a simple mushroom house. A brick-and-tile structure is best.
Bed frames can be set up inside the mushroom house or mushroom shed. The commonly used substrate formula in Feng County is 40% mixed wood sawdust, 30% cottonseed hulls, 16% wheat bran, 8% corn(2345, 12.00, 0.51%) meal, 4% rapeseed(5145, 62.00, 1.22%) cake meal, 1% gypsum, 0.5% white sugar(5207, -9.00, -0.17%), 0.4% monopotassium phosphate, and 0.1% magnesium sulfate.
3. Making tea tree mushroom bags
Weigh and mix the ingredients conventionally, adjust the moisture content to about 60%, with a material-to-water ratio of about 1.0:1.2, and a pH of about 7 before sterilization. After the water has penetrated evenly, bag the material promptly. For horizontal bag cultivation, low-pressure polyethylene tube film bags with specifications of 15.00 cm x 55.00 cm x 0.04 cm are usually used, with 700 g of dry material per bag.
The specific operation for high-temperature sterilization is: open the steam valve and heat, and when the pressure rises to 0.8-1.1 kg/cm2 and the discharged gas reaches 107°C, control for 2-3 h to ensure the heat in the cooker has enough time to penetrate the material bags. After the temperature inside and outside the bags is uniform, continue heating until the pressure rises to 1.5-1.7 kg/cm2 and maintain for 105-120 min. When starting the fire, use a strong blaze, requiring the center temperature inside the bags to reach 97-100°C within 2 h after ignition, then maintain for 15-18 h[1-2]. Do not stop the fire or lower the temperature midway; maintain a gentle fire and keep it at 100°C.
For well-cultured stock spawn and cultivation spawn, the mycelium is thick, strong, and dense white. When the material temperature cools to 28°C, inoculate at both ends of the bags. Alternatively, after sterilization, punching and inoculation can be carried out simultaneously. After inoculation, seal the inoculation holes with transparent adhesive tape. Each bottle of spawn can inoculate 25 bags.
4. Management during the mycelial running stage of tea tree mushrooms:
For the first 3 d after inoculation, adjust the room temperature to 25-27°C so that the mycelium grows vigorously. When the mycelium has grown to 1/2 of the material depth, its growth begins to slow. At this time, loosen the string tying the bag mouth, or puncture 1-2 rows of micropores within 1.0-1.5 cm in front of the mycelial growth front to increase oxygen. During the mycelial running stage, the indoor relative air humidity should be controlled at about 70%. There must not be excessively bright light, and doors and windows should be shaded.
5. Management for inducing primordia in tea tree mushrooms:
The method for arranging bags in an outdoor mushroom shed is as follows: prepare the site into a bed 30 cm wide and 15 cm high, spread 1 layer of sandy soil on the bed, then spread 2 layers of film, cut open the bag mouths at both ends of the bags, and stack them on the bed.
The stacking direction of the bags should be consistent with the direction of the doors and windows of the mushroom shed. Cutting the bags and arranging the bags are carried out at the same time. Before opening the bags, use 34% carbolic acid solution or deltamethrin (Decis) 3 000-fold solution or dimethoate 2 000-fold solution to disinfect the bags and treat the site for insect control.
Use a sharp knife to cut off the film at the bag mouth along the tying string[3]. After cutting the bags, as the browning time of the mycelium lengthens and the color deepens, a layer of brown mushroom skin will form on the surface around the bag mouth. Normally colored skin is brown and rusty brown, glossy, and fruits normally. Combined with bag color conversion, gradually increase the temperature difference for 3-7 d continuously, making the day-night temperature difference reach 8-10°C, until many white granular substances appear and differentiate into mushroom buds.
6. Management after fruiting of tea tree mushrooms:
During the fruiting period, keep the temperature in the mushroom shed at 15-26°C, with 20-24°C being best. After primordium formation, increase the frequency of watering to keep the relative air humidity at 85%-90%. In the early stage, mainly spray water into the air and onto the ground; in the middle and later stages, water can be sprayed directly onto the fruiting bodies.
During the growth of the fruiting bodies, respiration is vigorous. During the fruiting period, increase ventilation in the mushroom shed to keep the air fresh[4]. During fruiting, maintain the light intensity at 500-1 000 lx. Do not move the bags at will during the growth period, and do not cause disorder of the light source in the mushroom shed. Tea tree mushrooms can be harvested for 3-4 flushes continuously. After each flush is harvested, cover the bags with plastic(11290, -105.00, -0.92%) film, stop watering for 7-10 d, and keep the relative air humidity at 70%-75%. After the wound at the harvested site heals, induce primordia again according to the above method.
7. Harvesting and fresh-keeping of tea tree mushrooms:
When the cap color changes from dark reddish brown to light flesh color and the veil has not yet broken, it is the suitable harvest time. At harvest, the whole cluster or individual plants should be picked at one time, and the mushroom base should be trimmed immediately.
Place fresh mushrooms in an air-conditioned room at 15-20°C and air-dry them to 80% dry, then package them in plastic bags or foam plastic boxes. Cover the bag mouth or box mouth with 4-6 layers of highly absorbent toilet paper, seal and refrigerate, with a storage temperature of 5-10°C. During transportation, press the mushrooms appropriately to prevent shaking inside the packaging container.
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