Morel Cultivation Techniques: How to Cultivate Morels Artificially?
How to cultivate morels artificially? Please explain the method. Morels belong to the medium-to-low temperature type of fungi. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth is 20-24°C, and the optimum temperature for fruiting body development is 15-18°C. A large temperature difference favors fruiting body formation. The mycelium does not need light, while fruiting body growth requires weak scattered light. They are aerobic fungi; if the carbon dioxide concentration is too high,...
How to cultivate morels artificially? Please explain the method.Morels belong to the medium-to-low temperature type of fungi. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth is 20-24°C, and the optimum temperature for fruiting body development is 15-18°C. A large temperature difference favors fruiting body formation. The mycelium does not need light, while fruiting body growth requires weak scattered light. They are aerobic fungi; if the carbon dioxide concentration is too high, it easily causes fruiting body deformity and even rot. The environmental pH requirement is 7.0-8.0. They can grow in humus soil, black, brown and yellow loam, and sandy loam. The following artificial cultivation methods for morels can be used as a reference:
1. Cultivation substrate formulas:
① Sawdust (or cottonseed hulls) 75%, wheat bran 20%, phosphate fertilizer 1%, gypsum 1%, humus soil 3%.
② Corncobs 40% (crushed), sawdust 20%, bean hulls 15%, wheat bran 20%, phosphate fertilizer 1%, gypsum 1%, bran 1%, plant ash 2%. Material-to-water ratio 1:1.3.
2. Sterilized substrate cultivation:Mix the substrate well, fill 17 cm x 33 cm polyethylene plastic bags with the substrate, 500-600 grams per bag, sterilize conventionally, inoculate, and culture. After the mycelium fully colonizes the bags, extend the culture for 5-6 days before cultivation.
1. Indoor cultivation: After disinfecting the mushroom house, first spread a 3 cm thick layer of humus soil on the bed surface, then arrange the fungus sticks with the plastic bags removed one by one. Generally, 40 sticks are placed per 1 sq m. After lightly spraying water, cover with 3-5 cm of soil, then cover the surface with a 2 cm thick layer of broadleaf tree fallen leaves. Keep the soil moist, with relative air humidity of 85%-95% and air temperature of 4.4-16°C. Generally, fruiting bodies appear in a little over 1 month.
2. Outdoor cultivation: Choose woodland with "3 parts sunlight and 7 parts shade" to make raised beds. The bed width is 1 m, depth 20-25 cm, and length is unrestricted. After preparing the beds, water lightly; after the water seeps in, sprinkle a layer of lime powder. Remove the bags and arrange the fungus sticks as above. Pay attention to temperature changes in the beds and prevent direct sunlight.
3. Unsterilized substrate cultivation:Outdoors, choose a place with 3 parts sunlight and 7 parts shade, loose and moist soil, and good drainage, and make beds 20-25 cm deep. First wet the bottom of the bed with water, spread a layer of the mixed cultivation substrate on the bed bottom, and after flattening it is about 4-5 cm. Use 2 kg of spawn per sq m, break it into walnut-sized spawn pieces, evenly scatter them on the substrate surface, and cover with a thin layer of fine humus soil; then spread the 2nd layer of substrate... After sowing, cover with loose humus soil 3-5 cm thick, then cover with 1 layer of broadleaf tree leaves, and sprinkle some water appropriately.
4. Cultivation management:Morels are moisture-loving fungi, and maintaining humidity throughout their entire growth period is very important. In outdoor cultivation, if there is more rain, higher humidity, and suitable temperature, the mycelium grows well, sclerotia are easily formed, and fruiting bodies grow normally. If drought occurs during the growth period, water should be sprayed in a timely manner to maintain moisture. In late autumn or early spring, a temperature of 4-16°C within a few weeks can stimulate the formation of morel fruiting bodies and allow normal growth.
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