How to grow oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus sajor-caju) indoors? With cultivation pictures
How do you grow oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus sajor-caju) indoors? Is there anyone who can help explain the method to me? There are many methods for indoor cultivation of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus sajor-caju), such as: plastic bag cultivation, grain cultivation, box cultivation and bed cultivation; the more commonly used are bed cultivation and box cultivation; below is a detailed introduction to bed cultivation (for reference). Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju) bed...
How do you grow oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus sajor-caju) indoors? Is there anyone who can help explain the method to me?There are many methods for indoor cultivation of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus sajor-caju), such as: plastic bag cultivation, grain cultivation, box cultivation and bed cultivation; the more commonly used are bed cultivation and box cultivation; below is a detailed introduction to bed cultivation (for reference).
Bed cultivation method for oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus sajor-caju):
Suitable cultivation time for oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus sajor-caju):
The mycelium culture of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus sajor-caju) requires a relatively high temperature, while fruiting body formation requires a relatively low temperature. The suitable cultivation time should be determined according to the different climatic conditions in each region. Generally, from September of the current year to May of the following year, it can be cultivated two to three times. When using tunnels, basements and the like for cultivation, the cultivation time can be extended accordingly.
Preparation of the growing substrate and treatment methods:
Rice straw, bagasse, sawdust, cottonseed hulls, waste cotton, waste paper and tea residue can all be used to cultivate oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus sajor-caju). But they are required to be fresh and free from mildew and deterioration. At the same time, disinfection treatment is also required before cultivation. The disinfection methods are as follows:
(1) Lime water disinfection method: Use a 0.5%-1% clear lime solution, soak the growing substrate in a pool for 12 hours, take it out and put it in a bamboo basket, rinse with clean water until the pH is 7-7.5, drain off the excess water, and it can be put on the bed. If there is no test paper to measure the pH, rinsing until no yellow water flows out of the rice straw is sufficient.
(2) Boiling water soaking method: Put the growing substrate in a wooden barrel, pour in boiling water, soak for 15-20 minutes, take it out and drain off the excess water, and it can be put on the bed for cultivation.
Sowing method for oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus sajor-caju):
Spread the disinfected growing substrate on the bed at 7-9 kg per square meter. The specific method: first spread a layer of growing substrate on the bed, sprinkle a layer of spawn, with the amount of spawn used accounting for about 40% of the inoculation amount; then spread another layer of growing substrate, press it lightly with your hands, then sprinkle the remaining about 60% of the spawn on the bed surface, press it down gently with a wooden board so that the spawn and the growing substrate are closely attached together, so as to facilitate mycelial growth. Finally cover with plastic film to keep warm and retain moisture. At 25-27°C, culture for 15-18 days and the mycelium will grow over the entire bed.
Daily management methods for oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus sajor-caju):
1. Management before fruiting
After sowing, the temperature of the mushroom house should be controlled within 27°C. If it exceeds 30°C, open the doors and windows in the morning and evening for ventilation to lower the temperature, avoid scorching the mycelium and pay attention to avoiding light, so as to facilitate normal mycelial growth and nutrient accumulation. If a small amount of green mold infection is found on the bed surface, it should be removed in time. If multiple molds contaminate it at the same time, the film should be uncovered, ventilation strengthened, the humidity of the growing substrate reduced, and lime powder sprinkled on the contaminated parts. After the mold is eliminated, cover the film again. When the mycelium has grown through the bottom of the bed, after 3-5 days, remove the film on the surface of the substrate, strengthen ventilation and increase scattered light to induce rapid formation of primordia.
2. Management after fruiting
After the fruiting bodies form, coordinated management of water, ventilation and light and other conditions should be carried out according to the different growth stages.
(1) Primordium formation stage: generally 20-25 days after sowing, the mycelium can knot and form primordia. At this time, the number of ventilations and scattered light should be increased in management. Also spray a small amount of water to keep the substrate surface moist and promote further formation of primordia. If the mycelium has already grown over the entire bed but mushroom buds still do not grow for a long time, it is mainly caused by excessively high temperature. Measures should be taken to lower the temperature and increase humidity to promote rapid formation of primordia.
(2) Coral stage: the primordia develop into uneven short stalk-like shapes and continue to grow to form coral-like shapes, which is the coral stage. At this time, the requirements for temperature, humidity, light and air and other conditions are relatively strict. If the temperature is higher than 24°C and lasts for 1-2 days, and light and air are also insufficient, phenomena such as yellowing of mushroom buds, thin and elongated stalks, and even withering and death will occur. At this time, ventilation, water spraying and increased lighting should be adopted to meet their growth requirements.
(3) Young bud stage: that is, the cap forms; the gills begin to appear, and spores also begin to be produced. The management at this stage is basically the same as that at the coral stage. If abnormal conditions such as branching of the mushroom body and failure to form a cap occur, it is caused by insufficient light. Scattered light should be appropriately increased to facilitate normal growth of the mushroom buds.
(4) Maturity stage: the edge of the mushroom cap shows slight wavy upward curling, and spores begin to be released. In management, the amount of water sprayed should be increased, spraying 2-3 times a day; master light spraying and fine spraying, and often keep the substrate surface moist. With sufficient water, the mushroom bodies are heavy and of good quality. During the harvest period, never use large amounts of water for spray irrigation, so as to avoid mycelial degeneration and rotting of straw and mushrooms.
Harvesting method for oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus sajor-caju):
As the fruiting bodies grow, the caps fully expand and the edges tilt slightly upward, so they should be harvested promptly. The method is to press the growing substrate with your left hand and twist off the mushroom stalk with your right hand. After each flush of mushrooms is harvested, clean the bed surface, firm the substrate, and stop spraying water for 2-3 days to facilitate recovery of mycelial growth. After water spraying management, new fruiting bodies will soon grow again. Each flush of mushrooms is 7-10 days apart. Generally, with proper management, four flushes of mushrooms can be produced. From sowing to the end of harvesting, it is about 50-60 days. When the temperature is low, it must be extended to 80-90 days.
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