Key Technical Points for Cultivating Shaggy Mane Mushroom (Coprinus comatus) with Distiller's Grains
Distiller's grains are a good raw material for cultivating edible mushrooms. Their nutrient composition is suitable for the mycelial growth of shaggy mane mushroom (Coprinus comatus) and other mushrooms, which can both reduce the cost of edible mushroom production and solve environmental pollution. Distiller's grains contain a small amount of ethanol and active yeast that are harmful to mycelial growth, and are highly acidic, with a pH value of about 3-5. Choose fresh...
Distiller's grains are a good raw material for cultivating edible mushrooms. Their nutrient composition is suitable for the mycelial growth of shaggy mane mushroom (Coprinus comatus) and other mushrooms, which can both reduce the cost of edible mushroom production and solve environmental pollution. Distiller's grains contain a small amount of ethanol and active yeast that are harmful to mycelial growth, and are highly acidic, with a pH value of about 3-5.
Choose fresh distiller's grains and combine them with other materials. There are several formulas as follows:
Formula 1: 90% distiller's grains, 8% lime, 1% gypsum, 1% ammonium bicarbonate, biological efficiency 120-130%; Formula 2: 39% distiller's grains, 39% corncob, 10% rice bran, 8% lime, 2% gypsum, 1% superphosphate, 1% ammonium bicarbonate, biological efficiency 130%; Formula 3: 50% distiller's grains, 30% cottonseed hulls, 8% wheat bran, 8% lime, 2% gypsum, 1% superphosphate, 1% ammonium bicarbonate, biological efficiency 130%.
1. Mixing the substrate. Mix the lime, gypsum and ammonium bicarbonate directly into the distiller's grains, adjust the pH value to 9-11. Other materials (cottonseed hulls, corncob) are still prepared according to the formula for oyster mushroom and shaggy mane mushroom, then evenly mixed into the distiller's grains and fermented for 5-8 hours, spread out to cool, and then bagged. The mixing must be even, and the pH value must be raised to 9-11 in the early stage.
2. Select high-quality, high-yield strains and use high-quality spawn. A good strain is the primary condition and prerequisite for high yield, and good spawn has strong vitality, a strong ability to decompose the substrate, fast mycelial growth, wide adaptability, strong stress resistance and a high mushroom formation rate.
3. Bagging and spawning. After adjusting the substrate, choose 50×26 polyethylene bags and adopt the layered spawning method, that is, three layers of substrate and four layers of spawn. Spread the spawn evenly at both ends of the bag, and place the two middle layers of spawn close against the outer sides of the plastic bag. After bagging, use a hand sewing needle to prick 3-4 holes in each spawn block to facilitate ventilation. The number of bag layers to stack depends on the temperature. The optimum temperature during the spawn-running period is 23-26°C; at this temperature mycelial growth is fastest and it is not suitable for the growth of contaminating bacteria. For safe spawn running, the spawn-running temperature is best kept somewhat lower, which neither hinders mycelial growth nor inhibits the growth of contaminating bacteria.
4. Management during the fruiting period. After a 30-35 day spawn-running period, management during the fruiting period can begin. The sunken beds in the shed must be sterilized and treated against insects in advance, and the soil used for covering should be piled and sealed in advance for 24 hours with a mixture of 2% formaldehyde and 1% dichlorvos.
Remove the plastic film from the spawn bags of shaggy mane mushroom or oyster mushroom that have finished running and lay them horizontally in the sunken bed, cover them well with soil to a thickness of about 4 cm, then spray once with a heavy watering, and then cover with a small arched shed. During this period, attention must be paid to adjusting the spatial humidity and temperature. The suitable temperature during the fruiting period of shaggy mane mushroom is 13-26°C, and the spatial humidity is about 85%. After about 10 days, when aerial mycelium grows on the soil surface, ventilate regularly and spray water at the same time. The principle of spraying water is to spray less and lightly. After fruiting bodies appear, do not spray water directly; at this time increase the spatial humidity and strengthen ventilation. Before ventilating, the mushroom house should be sprayed with water first. Practice has proved that in the specific management of water spraying during the fruiting period, one should follow the scientific water-use method of no spraying on the fruiting bodies at the bud stage, frequent spraying of the space, spraying judiciously when the stipe is visible, keeping it moist, and light spraying when caps appear.
5. Harvesting. Shaggy mane mushroom fruiting bodies are best picked when seven-tenths mature, when the quality is good and the yield is high. When harvesting, hold the base with your hand, twist it left and right, and then pull it out gently, without pulling out the soil at the base. After harvesting, clean the bed surface in time and do not leave residual mushrooms. Spray "maintenance" water on the bed surface 1-2 times a day to keep the soil layer moist; do not spray too much water, until the next batch of mushrooms appears. Generally 4-5 batches of mushrooms can be harvested. After harvesting, shaggy mane mushrooms should be sold or processed promptly; generally, the caps open two days after harvesting and they lose their commercial value.
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