How to effectively prevent diseases during mushroom cultivation?
How do you prevent diseases in mushroom cultivation? What methods are there to prevent mushrooms from getting diseased? We ask knowledgeable netizens to help introduce this. Zhongdiwang has compiled seven methods for disease prevention in mushroom cultivation, listed in detail below for netizens' reference. Method one: choose excellent virus-free spawn: you should choose excellent vi...
Zhongdiwang has compiled seven methods for disease prevention in mushroom cultivation, listed in detail below for netizens' reference.
Method one: choose excellent virus-free spawn:
Choosing excellent virus-free spawn is an effective measure to ensure the spawn carries no viruses or pathogens, to ensure vigorous mycelium and to improve mycelial resistance. Virus-free spawn itself carries no viruses or pathogens; because the substrate and temperature are artificially regulated during the virus-free process, its adaptability to external conditions and stress resistance are also greatly improved; the virus-free process is at the same time a domestication process under harsh conditions, so that the spawn grows from the very beginning in a relatively [harsh] environment, and during gradual growth and development naturally strengthens its resistance and improves its disease resistance.
Method two: disinfect the mushroom cultivation environment:
Strict disinfection of the mushroom shed and the cultivation environment is the main means of eliminating residual viruses and pathogens. First, manure piles, straw piles, garbage and so on around the mushroom shed should be cleaned up thoroughly, and weeds should be removed as well. Spray carbendazim-type fungicidal agents at about 500 times dilution multiple times to thoroughly clean the environment.
Second, for old mushroom sheds, the wall skin should be scraped off, and where conditions permit, about 1 cm of the surface soil can be removed; finally, prepare a 50-times solution of Mushroom Disease-Removing King and spray the inside of the shed in a carpet-like manner, including walls, corners, posts and ventilation holes, leaving no dead corner. Remove the coverings on the shed film and let it be exposed to the sun; it can be put into use after about 5-7 days. This measure can fairly thoroughly kill diseases inside the shed. For pathogens, a 10-times strong glutaraldehyde solution or 200-times Jinxing disinfectant can also be used; spraying a formaldehyde-based poly-formaldehyde solution also has a very good sterilizing effect. Generally, the ratio of carbendazim : formaldehyde : water can be 1:2:100; if the disease was severe in the previous season's cultivation, the drug concentration can be appropriately increased. Finally, for mushroom sheds with severe original disease, the upper rack poles, plastic film and other items can be removed, straw and weeds piled inside the shed and burned, the ash turned into the soil layer, the poles re-erected and film re-covered, and then drugs sprayed again; the effect is very good. During the specific operation, choose windless weather and have appropriate fire-extinguishing means ready.
Method three: sterilize the cultivation materials:
Effectively treating the cultivation materials is an important step in preventing disease from entering the shed. For the sterilization of casing soil materials, it is advisable to use sun exposure, drugs and pile fermentation. After selecting the casing soil material, expose it to the sun on a hardened surface, and as it is turned, keep the soil particles at a size below 0.5 cm, mostly powdery; prepare a 100-times Mushroom Disease-Removing King solution and spray while mixing, repeating twice; after building the shed, cover with film and pile-ferment, and the effect is excellent.
Method four: treatment of mushroom base material:
Sterilizing and disinfecting the base material is the key step to ensure "no disease enters the shed." This stage includes sun exposure treatment of dry material, uniformity of pile fermentation treatment, standardized sterile inoculation for bag filling and spawning, and clean sterilization of the environment for culture and mycelial growth. After mycelial growth is completed, before the spawn bags enter the shed, prepare a 200-times Mushroom Disease-Removing King solution, hold it in a large basin or other container, dip and wash the spawn bags once, and then bring them into the shed.
Method five: frequently spray fungicidal and fungistatic drugs in the spawn room:
Frequently spraying fungicidal and fungistatic drugs is the main preventive means during fruiting management. After the spawn bags enter the shed or the base material is brought into the shed and spawned, drugs should be sprayed frequently to achieve the purpose of disease prevention.
Method six: promptly detect and handle diseases:
For initial disease, it should be handled thoroughly. For three-dimensional cultivation of spawn bags, clean out the diseased spawn bags together with the shed, soak them in drug solution and bury them deeply. When the quantity is relatively large, they can be piled and sealed after spraying, or piled and sealed after mixing with lime powder. The method is: after building the pile, seal the soil pile with thin mud and let it ferment naturally; the heat produced kills the pathogens. For casing soil cultivation, expand the diseased area and, together with the base material, control it all the way to the bottom, and clean it out of the shed.
Method seven: promptly control insect pests in the spawn room:
Pest control is one of the important measures for disease control. Most pests often carry large amounts of pathogens; once they enter the shed, they can form a "disease source," spreading everywhere and causing an outbreak. Therefore, when preventing and controlling diseases, the control and killing of insect pests must never be neglected.
The main measures are: 1. Clean up the external environment and spray high-efficiency, low-toxicity drugs to control insect sources;
2. Spread lime over a passage of more than 2 m at the shed entrance to prevent crawling insects from entering;
3. Hang insect-proof nets at ventilation openings and entrances to prevent flying insects from entering;
4. After pests are found, use poisoned bait to trap and kill them; the effect is relatively good. For mushroom gnats and flies, spraying pest-killing agents during the interval between fruiting flushes can kill them; sugar-vinegar liquid can also be prepared for trapping and killing. Mix high-proof liquor : sugar : vinegar : water in a ratio of 1:2:3:4, then add 3-4 drops of dichlorvos liquid and place it in a container; adult insects fly in attracted by the smell and are killed.
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