Detailed Guide to Spring Radish Cultivation: Learn to Grow the Little Ginseng Vegetable Well
I. Plot Selection and Land Preparation
Select land with convenient drainage and irrigation, good soil quality, and medium-to-high fertility for contiguous, unified planting. Carry out autumn leveling and land preparation, irrigate thoroughly with winter water, harrow and rake multiple times in winter and spring to conserve moisture, and pick out all root stubble.
II. Planting Specifications
Total belt spacing225cm, of which the pure wheat belt is133cm, double-row close planting,12rows of wheat; corn belt width92cm, planted with3rows, row spacing26cm, plant spacing18-20cm, with corn in the outer rows20cm from the wheat, soybean interplanted between the outer rows of corn and wheat, plant spacing30cm, and2rows of perilla planted in the wide middle row of each wheat belt.
III. Cultivation Techniques
11. Select good seed: Seed must be carefully selected. Production seed must use plump grains, with purity no less than96%, cleanliness no less than98%, germination rate no less than85%, and moisture content no less than13%. Using grain as seed is strictly prohibited. All corn must use coated seed, and perilla should use plump white perilla seeds.
22. Sow at the right time: Wheat should be sown early at the right time in late2month to early3month. Corn is sown from4month10day to-15day. Soybean is sown around4month20. Perilla is sown before the first irrigation water for wheat.
33. Seeding rate and density: Wheat seeding rate per mu19-20kg, target seedlings per mu34-36ten thousand, harvested ears33-35ten thousand. Corn seeding rate per mu3.0-3.5kg. After thinning and final singling, target seedlings per mu4400-4500plants. Soybean target seedlings per mu3000-4000plants. Perilla is generally broadcast at1kg per mu, with1-1.2ten thousand seedlings retained per mu.
44. Fertilization
(1) Base fertilizer: Generally apply farmyard manure at5000kg per mu. For chemical fertilizers, formula fertilization is recommended: apply ammonium bicarbonate at50kg per mu, ordinary superphosphate at50kg, or granular phosphate fertilizer at30kg. Autumn application is best.
(2) Seed fertilizer: When sowing wheat, generally apply diammonium phosphate seed fertilizer at12.5kg per mu. When sowing corn, apply diammonium phosphate at6kg per mu.
(3) Topdressing: (1) For wheat, before the first irrigation in late4month, apply urea at10-12.5kg per mu. (2) For corn, topdress3times, in conjunction with wheat irrigation. For seedling fertilizer, around5month20, apply urea at10-12.5kg per mu; for ear fertilizer, in late6month, apply urea at25-30kg per mu or ammonium bicarbonate at60-70kg; for grain fertilizer, in mid-7month (after wheat harvest), apply urea at10-15kg per mu or ammonium bicarbonate at30-40kg. (3) For perilla, topdress in3applications: after wheat harvest, apply seedling fertilizer early, with urea at5kg per mu. From late7month to early8month, apply branching and capsule fertilizer, with urea at5-10kg per mu. At flowering, if growth is weak, apply an additional2.5-5kg of urea per mu.
55. Irrigation
Irrigation timing: The first time is late4month; the second time is early5month; the third time is late5month (corn seedling fertilizer); the fourth time is late6month (corn ear fertilizer); the fifth time is mid-7month (corn grain fertilizer); the sixth time is late7month and early8month (perilla topdressing); the seventh time is from late8month to early9month.
66. Control of Diseases, Insects, and Weeds
(1) Weeding: Mainly to remove dicotyledonous weeds in wheat fields. Before soybean emergence in late4month, apply per mu72%of2,4-Dbutyl ester emulsifiable concentrate at40g, diluted with water at30kg for spraying.
(2) Insect pest control: (1) Aphids. Closely monitor pest conditions. When the number of Schizaphis graminum aphids reaches5per hundred plants at the jointing stage, the mixed population reaches50per hundred plants at the booting stage, and reaches250per hundred plants at the heading stage, apply aphid-repellent powder aerosol at10-15g per mu, or use2.5%deltamethrin or20%fenvalerate emulsifiable concentrate at10-15ml, diluted with water at30-40kg for spraying. (2) Armyworm: Apply50%phoxim at50-100ml per mu, or deltamethrin or fenvalerate at10-15ml, diluted with water at30-40kg for spraying. (3) Corn borer: Before late4month, the previous year's corn stalks must be cleared away. During the large trumpet stage (late6month to early-7month), pour3-5g of poisoned soil or poisoned liquid into the whorl of each corn plant. Pesticides may include Kung Fu emulsifiable concentrate at10-15ml, or Lambda-cyhalothrin at8-15ml. For soil mixing, use20kg of sandy soil or furnace ash; for poisoned liquid, dilute with water at20-30kg. (4) Red spider mite: Apply40%omethoate emulsifiable concentrate at50ml per mu plus20%dicofol emulsifiable concentrate at50ml, or5%hexythiazox emulsifiable concentrate (wettable powder) at75-100ml, or20%fenpropathrin emulsifiable concentrate at50ml per mu, spraying30kg of spray liquid per mu, for a total of2-3control treatments, once every10-15days.
(3) Disease control: (1) Wheat powdery mildew: Control when the diseased leaf rate reaches20%at the booting stage and reaches10%from the flowering stage to the three-leaf stage. Apply per mu20%Triadimefon40g, or25%Triadimefon30g diluted in water30-40kg for spraying. ② Wheat rust: when the disease leaf rate reaches before heading2%for control, using the same pesticide as for powdery mildew. ③ Wheat scab: at the initial heading stage, use per mu40%carbendazim suspension concentrate50ml, diluted in water30-40kg for spraying.
7, Harvesting
Wheat should be harvested early at the late dough stage; corn must be harvested at the appropriate time at the end of9month, when the husk leaves have all turned white, the leaves have yellowed and dried, and the grains are glossy and hard. Soybeans are harvested when the leaves turn yellow and the pods harden. Perilla sheds its seeds easily and should be harvested as early as possible at maturity.