High-yield and efficient pepper cultivation methods for autumn and winter
I. Sowing and seedling raising.Select early-to-mid maturing varieties that are heat-tolerant, resistant to viral diseases and produce large fruit. The variety with the largest promotion area in our county is Bianjiao No. 1; in addition there are Xinfeng No. 4, Luojiao4, Daguo Zaofeng, etc. The suitable sowing period is7month20around the day, seed rate per mu of greenhouse is75-100grams, seedling bed20sq m. Raise seedlings in a greenhouse that retains the top film and is covered with a shade net. After watering the seedling bed thoroughly, sow the seeds; after sowing, cover with nutritional medicated soil1cm thick, and cover the seedling bed with film, then cover with straw to retain moisture and lower temperature. From the5day after sowing, check germination and emergence every morning and evening; when60%seeds have emerged, remove the straw and film from the bed surface. When pepper seedlings have2-3true leaves, on a rainy day or a sunny evening, in a greenhouse that retains the top film and is covered with a shade net, use8cm diameter nutritional pots to transplant the seedlings, watering with root-setting water while transplanting. Throughout the seedling transplanting stage, the covers on the seedling greenhouse should be covered by day and removed at night, keeping the soil surface moist.
II. Timely planting.When seedling age is35-40days, height15-20cm, true leaves6-7, that is, from mid-8month to early9month, plant on a cloudy day or after3o'clock on a sunny afternoon. Before planting15days, apply decomposed farmyard manure4000kg per mu. Before planting5days, apply one topdressing of dilute manure water, and spray once with insecticide (50%pirimicarb1500times solution) and fungicide (5%Junduqing300times solution), so as to plant with fertilizer and pesticide, water the nutritional pots thoroughly, and ensure the soil blocks do not break apart. Planting row spacing40cm, plant spacing25cm, covered with plastic film.
III. Strengthen management.
11. Light and temperature management. At the initial stage of planting, a shade net should be added over the greenhouse, and agricultural film should also be added on rainy days, with ventilation day and night.9From mid-10month to mid-25-30month, cover the greenhouse with film at night for insulation, and pay attention to ventilation during the day, keeping the greenhouse temperature at32°C, and not exceeding10°C around noon. When the nighttime temperature inside the greenhouse is lower than
2°C, that is, before Frost's Descent, a small tunnel should be added; as the outside temperature continues to drop, straw mats should also be added over the small tunnel for insulation. On cloudy, rainy and snowy days, the straw mats should also be removed at the proper time every day to let in light.102. Fertilizer management. Fertilize according to seedling condition; after planting10days and at the early fruit-setting stage, apply high-quality compound fertilizer
3kg per mu dissolved in water, control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and prevent the plants from excessive vegetative growth.113. Water management. Seedlings must not lack water; during the fruit-setting stage keep the bed surface moist. Never irrigate seedlings with hot water during high temperature or when the soil is hot, and never flood-irrigate;
4after month, as the outside temperature gradually drops, it is better to keep the bed surface on the dry side.15×10-6-20×10-64. Hormone application. In high-temperature seasons, flowers and buds tend to drop; use2，4-Dconcentration of
5solution to coat the flower stalk.
65. Plant adjustment. For normal plants, promptly remove the flower buds on the first branch; for weak plants, also remove the flower buds on the second branch to prevent fruit from weighing down the plant; for vigorously growing plants, keep the first pepper to prevent excessive vegetative growth; after the first frost, cut off tender shoots, ineffective branches and small flower buds to concentrate nutrients for fruit growth.