Do a good job of spring management of grapes, and both yield and quality will improve

   Bud break and leaf unfolding, cane elongation, ear formation, and flowering and fruiting of grapes all occur in spring, so doing a good job of spring management of grapes is the key to improving grape yield and quality in that year. Today, the editor will introduce the key points of spring management of grapes.

Grapes

    I. Irrigation to promote bud break   applying quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer

    During the bud break stage of grapes, the whole vineyard should be irrigated in time to ensure uniform bud break. In addition, grapes need large amounts of nutrients during the period when flower buds continue to differentiate and new shoots begin vigorous growth, so decomposed human manure and urine mixed with 0.2% urea should be applied to the grapes. This fertilization amount accounts for about 15% of the annual fertilization amount.

    II. Bud thinning and shoot positioning

    After winter pruning, the winter buds on the fruiting canes of grapes usually have 70% to 80% sprouted from March to mid-to-late April of the following year, and at this time attention should be paid to the number of buds retained. Retaining too many buds easily wastes nutrients, weakens the tree vigor, and is not conducive to fruit set; but if too few buds are retained, excessive nutrients easily promote vigorous growth of grape canes, leading to serious flower and fruit drop, so attention should be paid to bud thinning and shoot positioning of grapes.

    For bud thinning, usually when multiple buds sprout on one fruiting cane of grapes, keep one bud every 15-20 cm, keep 2-5 new shoots per fruiting cane, and remove the remaining buds and shoots from the base. When thinning buds, generally remove the bud without a flower cluster or the weak bud among double buds, and it is suitable to keep 1 new shoot per bud eye. Of course, to ensure yield, when the new shoot grows to 4-5 leaves, you can also decide whether to remove it by checking whether the first tendril on the new shoot bears a flower cluster, but the disadvantage of doing so is that it wastes more nutrients.

    III. Shoot positioning and cane tying.Before the retained grape new shoots flower, shoots with flowers are pinched at 5 leaves above the flower cluster, while grape shoots without flowers are pinched at 8 leaves. After pinching, a large number of lateral shoots will sprout; keep only 1-2 lateral shoots at the top and pinch them repeatedly at 2 leaves, and remove the other lateral shoots. At the same time, tie the canes in a timely manner according to cane growth.

    IV. Flower cluster treatment   pest and disease control

    Treatment of flower and fruit clusters. To ensure fruit set, usually 1/5 of the tip of the flower cluster is removed manually, and 0.3% boron fertilizer plus 0.5% urea is sprayed at the flowering stage. Five days after flowering, for grape clusters with more fruit, artificial fruit thinning is carried out, and then bagging is used for protection.

    V. Intertillage and weeding of grapes and disease control.Start disease prevention when grapes sprout 3-5 leaves, spraying once every 7-10 days; especially after rain, pay more attention to intertillage and weeding, and strengthen spraying protection. At this stage, mainly prevent grape gray mold, black pox, rust, etc.