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Detailed Explanation of Key Technical Points for High-Yield Raspberry Cultivation and Management
Raspberries have very strong adaptability. In our country, except for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, they can be planted in most areas. In the north, raspberries can endure low temperatures of -40 to -45°C, and they can be planted anywhere in the south. In subtropical regions certain changes will occur, because raspberry roots do not have natural dormancy; when their symbiotic conditions are met, they will grow year-round without shedding leaves. They can bear fruit twice a year, but the fruit shape is slightly smaller than fruit from the north, while the yield is higher than in the north. There are many raspberry varieties, with more than 400 in the world. In terms of fruit shape, there are red, black, yellow, purple and other colors. Fruit weight is generally 5-10 grams, with the largest reaching 20 grams. Raspberry yield is 1000-1500 kg per 667 sq m.</p><p></p><p>Orchard Establishment and Planting </p><p>Raspberries can be planted in spring or autumn. Spring planting is after the soil thaws and before the seedlings sprout (March-April), while autumn planting is preferably after the seedlings have lignified and before the soil freezes (October-November). For field planting of raspberries, the row spacing is 2.5 m and the plant spacing is 0.8 m, with 2-3 plants per hole, 660-990 plants per 667 sq m. Before planting, soak the seedling roots in water for 12-24 hours to ensure the seedlings have sufficient moisture in their bodies. At planting time, the seedling roots should be 15 cm from the ground, and the area around the seedlings should be 30 cm. When covering with soil, compact the soil, and it is best that the soil does not exceed the seedling soil mark. Water thoroughly once.</p><p>Trellising and Guiding Branches </p><p>When branches grow to 1.5 m, trellising and branch guiding must be carried out. Within the row, set a post every 5-10 m, 1.5 m high, and stretch two wire lines. The upper wire is fixed at the top of the posts, and the lower wire is 1 m above the ground. Guide the branches onto the wire lines in a fan shape and tie them well.</p><p>Pruning </p><p>Pruning is divided into three times. The first pruning is at planting time. After the seedlings survive, excessively dense, thin and weak branches and damaged branches should be cut off flush with the ground. When the new shoots of the year grow to 40-60 cm, for plants with relatively low density, pinch the tips at 10 cm to promote the sprouting of new side branches and increase the number of branches. The second is pruning of basal shoots (that is, the new shoots of the year). It is advisable to leave basal shoots cut back to 1.3-1.5 m; those exceeding 1.5 m should be pruned. For each plant cluster, select and retain 6-8 vigorous basal shoots and cut off the rest. The third pruning is after fruit harvesting is finished, when the fruiting canes should be cut off flush with the ground.</p><p>Fertilizer and Water Management </p><p>Base fertilizer should preferably be applied in early autumn, mainly with decomposed farmyard manure, and an appropriate amount of chemical fertilizer may also be added. Apply the base fertilizer mixed with soil on one side 40-60 cm from the plant. When applying chemical fertilizer, the soil must have sufficient moisture. Apply about 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer on one side 50 cm from the plant. Raspberry is a shallow-rooted plant. When watering during drought, it is enough for soil moisture to reach 40 cm; the principle is that it can be watered in drought and drained in waterlogging. In weak areas, water once with winter protection water before winter. In arid areas, some leaves, chopped straw and the like can be spread around the raspberries, which can prevent water evaporation and also increase soil fertility.</p><p>Intertillage and Weeding </p><p>Raspberries can be intertilled and weeded twice each year. For chemical weeding, acetochlor, glyphosate, simazine, linuron and other chemical herbicides can be used (use according to the instructions). In order to improve land utilization, some low-growing plants, such as beans and potatoes, can be planted between the fruit trees.</p><p>Raspberry fruits can be picked and marketed when they are 90% ripe; for industrial deep processing, they must be harvested only when fully ripe.</p>
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Technical Points for Cultivating Dictyophora indusiata with Soybean Shade
Traditional cultivation of Dictyophora indusiata used bamboo shavings as the raw material, and the yield was low (20-30 kg/mu). Starting in 2000, the country's first use of rice husks as the raw material for cultivation together with shade sheds raised the yield per mu to 120-150 kg, increasing the benefit by 4-5 times. Starting in 2001, cultivation with soybean shade was used,
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Key Technical Points for Early Spring Management of Greenhouse Chives
1. Temperature management. Chives prefer cool conditions, with an optimum growing temperature of 15-24°C, and ventilation should be provided appropriately during the day. To promote sprouting, after the shed is covered the daytime room temperature should be kept at 18-25°C; after sprouting, the daytime room temperature should be controlled at 17-23°C. Before the first cutting of chives is harvested, the daytime temperature should be 15-2
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Management Methods and Technical Key Points for Growing Chinese Toon in a Greenhouse
Chinese toon (Toona sinensis) is a woody vegetable, and its tender leaves are edible. Only when the average temperature over a ten-day period reaches 15°C do the young buds begin to sprout and unfold new leaves. Therefore, open-field Chinese toon in the central part of our province has a harvest period in mid-April. Greenhouse production of Chinese toon involves moving the stems of 1- to 2-year-old Chinese toon that have already dropped their leaves into
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Cultivation Methods and Technical Points for Intercropping Onions with Corn
This model is suitable for promotion and planting in river-irrigated areas with good water and heat conditions. The usual yields are 7500 kg/hectare for corn and 57000 kg/hectare for onions, with an output value of 38000 yuan/hectare and a net income of 32250 yuan/hectare. 1. Planting arrangement Onions are sown in drills in mid-to-late September at a row spacing of 20 cm
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Methods and Technical Key Points for Top Grafting and Variety Conversion of Walnut Trees
Among the walnuts currently cultivated on a large scale, seedling trees are in the majority. These seedling trees have mixed populations, severe varietal degeneration, low yields, and poor quality. By adopting the top grafting and variety conversion method, early-bearing walnut varieties bear fruit 1-2 years after top grafting, and late-bearing varieties bear fruit 2-3 years after top grafting, which can significantly improve
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Key Technical Points for Cultivating Chinese Toon in a Solar Greenhouse
Chinese toon, also known as chun ya (toon sprouts), is rich in nutrients. Every kilogram of tender stems, leaves and sprouts contains 840 g of water and 98 g of protein, and also contains vitamin C, A and B as well as calcium, phosphorus and other substances. Chinese toon can be stir-fried, served cold with dressing, deep-fried, eaten fresh, eaten dried or pickled. Greenhouse cultivation of Chinese toon mainly
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Key Technical Points for Cultivating Leafy Goji (Vegetable Goji)
Goji (Lycium) is a perennial small shrub of the genus Lycium in the nightshade family (Solanaceae), distributed throughout the country. The plant is light-loving, cold- and heat-tolerant, drought-tolerant and intolerant of wet conditions. Its suitable growing temperature is 15-20°C; growth is slow at 10°C, and poor above 25°C. At present, in northern regions of China such as Ningxia
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Detailed Explanation of Pollution-Free Fertilization Technical Specifications for Yam Cultivation
① Propagation technology: Yam propagation is divided into two types: sexual propagation and asexual propagation. Sexual propagation is mainly used for crossbreeding to obtain new high-yield, high-quality variety types; because it requires a long time, it is generally not suitable for use in production. Asexual propagation includes tuber cutting propagation methods, top
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Key Technical Points for Seedling Raising and Nursery Stock Management in Chinese Mahogany (Toona sinensis) Cultivation
Toona sinensis belongs to the Meliaceae family and is known as red Toona in Henan. It is a deciduous tree species and a fast-growing timber tree unique to China. Its tender buds and young leaves are rich in nutrients, pleasant in fragrance, and high in edible value, and it has become a good economic tree species for urban and rural "four-side" greening and for increasing farmers' income. Through years of production pract
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