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Diagnostic Methods and Technical Key Points for Newcastle Disease in Chickens
Since Newcastle disease (ND) was recognized in 1926, many countries have regarded ND as an endemic disease. Except for a few countries that produce poultry at a commercial level, all countries carry out preventive immunization. One of the most characteristic properties of different strains of chicken Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is that their pathogenicity to chickens varies greatly. Based on the clinical symptoms caused in infected chickens, NDV strains can be divided into 5 groups or pathotypes, which are: the viscerotropic velogenic type, characterized by high pathogenicity, with intestinal hemorrhagic lesions commonly seen;
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How to prevent and control sheep hard tick disease? Detailed explanation of practical technical points
Dense infestation of hard ticks on sheep can cause goats to become emaciated, some pregnant ewes to abort, and mortality is very high among lambs and ewes after lambing. Expert disease analysis. (1) Pathogen: The pathogen of this disease is 6 genera of the family Ixodidae, namely Ixodes, Hyalomma, Haemaphysalis, Dermacentor, Rhipicephalus, and Boophilus. Their common morphological features are: the adult body is elongated oval, slightly convex on the dorsal side and flat on the ventral side; there is no distinction between head, thorax, and abdomen, and the three are fused into one body, with a false head at the front end; the false head is composed of a pair of chelicerae, one hypostome, and a pair of palps
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Key Technical Points for Integrated High-Efficiency Duck-Pig-Fish Farming
Through integrated farming, ducks, pigs, and fish can make full and rational use of energy, achieving the goals of saving feed and attaining high yield and high efficiency. The integrated high-efficiency duck-pig-fish farming method is: 1. Select superior breeds. For ducks, Cherry Valley ducks are best; for pigs, crossbred Landrace pigs and other improved breeds; for fish, mainly silver carp, bighead carp, black carp, grass carp, etc. These breeds tolerate coarse feed and grow fast. 2. Management of duck pens, pig houses, and fish ponds. Duck pens, pig houses, and fish ponds should be concentrated and conveniently located for transport to facilitate management. Keep the
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Detailed Explanation of the Preparation Method and Technical Key Points of Fish Scale Glue
1. Process flow: fish scales → washing → alkali soaking → acid soaking → lime soaking → rinsing → glue boiling → filtration → coagulation → glue scraping → drying → finished product. 2. Process steps. After washing, the fish scales are soaked in a 5% caustic soda solution for about 5 minutes to remove grease and fatty skin and to make the scales swell. The alkali-soaked fish scales are immediately rinsed with water, then soaked in clean water to remove alkalinity until phenolphthalein no longer turns red. Next, the cleaned fish scales are soaked in hydrochloric acid, with the amount used starting at 12% (hydrochloric acid volume concentration 31%), then gradually decreasing, 8%, 3%,
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Prevention Methods and Technical Key Points for Diseases of the European Eel
(1) Do a good job of water disinfection, using effective drugs and methods to kill parasites, viruses and bacteria in the water: ① Evenly splash the whole pond with 0.3 g/m3 (cubic meter) Yuchongqing No. 2 once every 6 days, to kill parasites and eggs in the water and prevent dactylogyrosis; ② Splash the whole pond with 0.2 g/m3 of chlorine-rich disinfectant once every 6 days, to kill viruses and bacteria in the water; ③ Splash the whole pond with 0.3 g/m3 of Manjing once every 6 days, to kill bacteria, fungi and protozoa in the water. Note: the above three
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Detailed Explanation of Propagation Methods and Technical Points for Dwarf Lilyturf
Dwarf lilyturf is propagated by division. In April, when dwarf lilyturf is harvested, select vigorous clumps with many formed tuberous roots and no pests or diseases to keep as seed stock. Pick off the tuberous roots, trim away the fibrous roots, then use a knife to cut off the stem nodes at the lower part of the rhizome, leaving only 2-3 cm of stem nodes; it is best if the cut surface of the rhizome is white and the leaves do not splay apart. When cutting, the rhizome must not be left too long, otherwise after planting it will mostly form double stem nodes and produce few tuberous roots. To reduce water evaporation, cut off the tips of the leaves, leaving only about 6 cm. Separate the individual plants, remove
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Key Technical Points for Raising Seedlings of Sweet Peppers and Hot Peppers in Open-Field Cultivation
I. Variety Selection: For this cultivation method, it is advisable to choose varieties with strong growth vigor, disease resistance, and strong heat tolerance. For sweet peppers, such as Jiyan No. 6, Jiyan No. 4, and Zhongjiao No. 4; for hot peppers, such as Jize pepper, Wangdu pepper, etc. II. Seedling Raising Must Be Adopted: For direct seeding, due to extensive management, it causes uneven seedling growth or missing plants and gaps in rows, a short growth period, and a transplanting time more than 40 days later than seedling raising and transplanting, with short plants and poor seedling quality. If a year with a major outbreak of viral disease occurs, the disease spreads, causing severe yield reduction or even total crop loss. When transplanting with the seedling-raising method, the seedlings have already
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Key Technical Points for Seedling Raising and Cultivation Management of Three-Cherry Pepper
I. Seedling Raising Three-Cherry Pepper can be raised in cold frames or small arch sheds, with small arch sheds being the main method. The specific practices are as follows. 1. Construction of the small arch shed The small arch shed is generally 1.5-2 m wide and 1 m high, with straw mats added at night depending on the climate. 2. Preparation of culture soil Use 7-8 parts fertile garden soil and 2-3 parts decomposed barnyard manure, mix well; if the soil is clayey, also mix in sandy soil. 3. Sowing time Spring sowing for seedling raising is generally arranged in mid-to-late February, and at the latest should not exceed March 5. Summer sowing is generally in mid-March,
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Detailed Explanation of Key Technical Points for Weaning and Initial Breeding Selection of Foxes, Raccoon Dogs and Minks
1 Key Points of Weaning Before weaning the cubs, first check the cages and boxes to be used once, repair any damage, and then disinfect them all for later use. Then clean and disinfect the required food trays and water boxes, to be used after the cubs are weaned. Fox cubs are generally weaned at 35-60 days of age, raccoon dog cubs generally at 45-60 days of age, and mink cubs generally at 40-45 days of age. Cubs must not be weaned too early; weaning too early weakens their independent living ability, affects their growth and development, and easily causes disease or even death;
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Key Technical Points for the Prevention and Treatment of Necrobacillosis in Deer
Necrobacillosis in deer is a common chronic infectious disease of deer, characterized by damage to the hooves and necrosis of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, oral and digestive tract mucosa, and internal organs. 1. Pathogen The pathogen of this disease is Fusobacterium necrophorum, a pleomorphic Gram-negative bacterium, with small forms appearing spherical and large forms appearing as long filaments. This bacterium is widely distributed in nature and can be found in animal yards, swamps, and soil, and is also commonly present in the oral cavity, intestinal tract, and external genital tract of healthy animals. It is a strictly anaerobic bacterium. This bacterium can produce exotoxins, which can cause tissue
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