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Prevention and Control Methods and Technical Key Points for Canine Distemper in Foxes, Raccoon Dogs and Mink
In some fox and raccoon dog farms and mink farms, outbreaks of canine distemper have occurred. Regarding the prevention and control of canine distemper, the following views are discussed: Concerning the prevention and control of canine distemper, after decades of research, a variety of attenuated and inactivated vaccines have been developed in terms of its etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiological characteristics, clinical symptoms, pathological diagnosis and immunoprophylaxis, and many vaccines have already been supplied to the market as official commercial products. However, in recent years, the prevalence of canine distemper and the losses it has caused to the world's dog industry and fur animal breeding industry have far exceeded
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Key Technical Points and Management Methods for Uniform Silkworm Larva Development
Uniform silkworm larva development is the primary guarantee for implementing automated mounting of silkworms (spinning on frames), and an important prerequisite for ensuring high-quality and high-yield silkworm cocoons. To achieve uniform silkworm larva development, the following aspects of work must be done well: 1. Properly protect the silkworm eggs after receiving them to promote uniform hatching. Immediately after receiving the silkworm eggs, pour them out and spread them evenly in a foil-lined tray with white paper, and keep them in an environment with a temperature of 26°C, a wet-dry difference of 1.5-2°C, and darkness (covered with black cloth) for protection. On the morning of the hatching day at 4-5 o'clock, uncover the covering, turn on
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Prevention and Treatment Methods and Technical Key Points for Necrobacillosis in Deer
Deer necrobacillosis is a chronic infectious disease caused mainly by the strictly anaerobic Fusobacterium necrophorum as the primary pathogen. It can occur in all four seasons, but is more prevalent in summer and autumn. The main source of infection is diseased deer, and deer of all ages can be infected. Skin damage is the main route of infection, but infection can also occur through trauma of the digestive tract, damage from antler sawing, wounds of the birth canal, and omphalitis. In addition, wet and muddy ground, uneven surfaces, hot and humid weather, and poor feeding and management tend to promote the occurrence of this disease. If necrobacillosis occurs in a deer herd, measures should be taken immediately
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Oleander Planting and Cultivation Methods and Key Technical Points
1. Planting time is in spring. Open-field cultivation in the Yellow River basin and areas to its south; container cultivation in cold northern regions, overwintering indoors. When transplanting, the plant must be planted with a soil ball. The planting site must be sunny and free of standing water. Summer transplanting is also possible, but some branches must be pruned off and an appropriate number of leaves cut away to reduce water transpiration and promote survival. For container plants, repot once every 2-3 years, using a growing medium of 6 parts leaf mold and 4 parts river sand; before planting, a horseshoe chip can also be placed at the bottom of the pot as a base fertilizer. Before planting, shorten the branches
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Detailed Explanation of Oleander Cultivation and Management Methods and Technical Key Points
Oleander, also known as yangtao, bannianhong, or liuyetao, originated in Iran and India. It is an evergreen shrub or small tree of the Apocynaceae family. Dwarf types suitable for pot cultivation reach 60-80 cm in height, while tall types can grow to over 3 m. It blooms from late May each year, and the flowering period is extremely long, lasting until October. Flower colors include peach red, pink, yellow, white, and others, with peach red being the most common. The flowers are double-petaled and have a delicate fragrance. Every year during the flowering season, green leaves set off red flowers, gorgeous and elegant, offering both foliage and flowers to admire, combining the beauty of peach and bamboo.
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Key Technical Points for Mycelium Running Management of Greenhouse Field-Grown Shiitake Mushrooms
After inoculation, stack the spawn bags in the incubation room for mycelium running. When the mycelium has grown to 6 cm wide, turn the stack; at 6-8 cm, turn the stack a second time. Arrange them in a triangular pattern to prevent overheating of the logs. 1. Piercing holes for aeration: If the mycelium around the edges is found to be shrinking, with the color changing from white to pale yellow and the mycelial coat thickening, this indicates that the mushroom logs are short of oxygen, and the first hole-piercing for aeration must be carried out. Make 3-4 holes around the inoculation point, 1.5-2.0 cm deep, to promote normal mycelial germination. After the mycelium has fully covered the entire bag, carry out a second hole-piercing for aeration, on both sides
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Key Technical Points for Over-summering Management of Spring Bag-cultivated Shiitake Mushrooms
After the color change of spring bag-cultivated shiitake mushrooms is completed in mid-June, the high-temperature season begins. Shiitake mycelium is intolerant of high temperatures and drought; when the temperature exceeds 35°C and persists for 4 hours, the mycelium begins to die, or even self-lyse. The following are the key technical points for ensuring that mushroom bags safely over-summer in production, for the reference of mushroom growers: 1. Cooling. Use shade, ventilation, sprinkling water on the ground, hanging clean wet burlap pieces and other methods to lower the temperature, so that the substrate temperature does not exceed 30°C. On sunny summer days, close doors and windows from 9 o'clock until sunset to prevent hot air from entering the room. 2. Shading. Thicken the shading
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Detailed Explanation of Key Technical Points for Bag Cultivation of Shiitake Mushrooms
1. Select excellent, robust spawn. Currently, the varieties suitable for bag cultivation of shiitake mushrooms include 33, Cr02, Cr04, 868, Shenxiang No. 2 and Huagu 939. Select spawn with white mycelium, fluffy texture, wall-climbing ability, vigorous growth, low mycelial age, no antagonistic lines and no contaminating microorganisms. 2. Making of the substrate logs. The time is from mid-August to early September. Production process flow: mixing materials -- bagging -- tying the opening -- sterilization -- cooling -- inoculation. A common formula for bag substrate cultivation of shiitake mushrooms "782011"
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Key Technical Points for Winter Management of Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) Cultivation on Substitute Substrate
After the onset of winter, temperatures drop and relative air humidity is low, so management should center on raising the bed temperature, controlling ventilation, and keeping warm and protecting against cold. Corresponding management measures should be taken for different strains. For medium- and high-temperature-type strains, there is almost no hope of further fruiting below 10°C; at this time, water should be sprayed in the afternoon each day along with brief ventilation, just keeping the logs moist so they can overwinter smoothly. For medium-temperature-type or slightly lower-medium-temperature-type strains, there is still hope of fruiting in provinces where winter is not pronounced. Based on weather forecasts, cold waves can be avoided, and the brief periods when temperatures rise can be used
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Detailed Explanation of Key Technical Points for Inducing Bud Formation and Shelf Fruiting of Shiitake Mushrooms
After the substrate bags change color, they enter the fruiting stage. The key management points during the bud induction period are: manually increase the temperature difference and the wet-dry difference, keep the temperature at 15-20°C and the humidity at 85%-90%, combine with ventilation, and apply temperature difference stimulation; after 3-5 days, mushroom buds will appear in large numbers. In winter, bud induction focuses mainly on heat preservation. The methods are: (1) Induce buds on indoor shelves: arrange the substrate bags neatly on the shelves with 2 cm between bags, place 1-2 stoves in the room, keep the temperature at 15-20°C, ventilate 3 times a day for about 1 hour each time, remove coal
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