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Detailed Explanation of a Simple Method for Making Mushroom Mother Cultures
For making mushroom mother cultures, PDA or PSA and their improved media are mostly used, but in some remote areas or for small-scale production, the raw materials in the formula are relatively expensive (generally analytical grade) and are not easy to buy in rural areas, delaying production. Here are several simple methods. 1. Gelatin-type medium. Gelatin refers to edible gelatin, generally sold in food and chemical shops, and the price is relatively low. Gelatin used in food production as a coagulant or solidifying agent can replace agar (bacteriological agar, agar-agar) as a coagulant in mother culture production. The author conducted experiments in the early 1990s and used it in production, proving the effect is good, but the purchased product needs to be tested for coagulating properties. After finally determining the amount to use per 1000 mm, it is necessary to keep using that brand and not change it at will. The general production formula is: 200 grams of potato, 30 grams of wheat bran, 20 grams of white sugar, about 50 grams of gelatin, and 1000 milliliters of water. 2. Raw grain-type medium. That is, grain medium. @#@245@#@, corn, beans, etc. can all be used as mother culture media, and the production effect is very good. The method is: corn and soybeans need to be cracked so that their size is similar to wheat grains, soaked until there is no white core, boiled with boiling water, then quickly rinsed with cold water, taken out and immediately mixed with an appropriate amount of wheat bran, and then put into test tubes. When using this medium, it is recommended to switch to large test tubes; generally 20×200 or 25×200 specifications can be used, which is convenient for operation and correspondingly increases the quantity produced at one time, and is cost-effective in both economic and time terms. 3. Potato-type medium: choose large, smooth potatoes, peel them, and cut them into wedge-shaped strips. The potato strips are 12-15 cm long, with the two ends respectively 13 cm and 0.2 cm thick, and the width is determined according to the diameter of the test tube, generally below 2 cm, and they should be made as semicircular as possible so that the rounded edge is close to the test tube wall. Put them into test tubes and carry out routine sterilization and other operations. 4. Pumpkin strip medium: after pumpkins mature in autumn, pumpkin strips can be directly cut as a mother culture medium by referring to the potato-type medium, and the preparation is the same as above. 5. Apple puree medium: peel and core ripe apples, grind them into puree, put them into test tubes, and sterilize routinely. The only thing is that when inoculation is needed, use a sterilized wooden stick to press the puree into a long strip shape, making it similar to ordinary medium, and then carry out routine inoculation. 6. Carrot strip medium: this can be done by referring to the potato medium.
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A Detailed Guide to the Simple Method for Making Dried Shiitake Mushrooms
Shiitake mushrooms are rich in nutrients, and the dried product easily absorbs moisture, causing it to mold or become infested by insects. Using charcoal as a moisture absorbent to preserve shiitake mushrooms not only maintains their color, aroma and flavor, but is also easy to carry out and simple to popularize. The specific method is as follows. A large wooden barrel or vat (1.6 m high, 1.3 m in diameter) is lined on its inner wall with cotton paper pasted on, then dried. A layer of charcoal is placed at the bottom, covered with kraft paper, then a 30 cm thick layer of shiitake mushrooms is added, and above the mushrooms another layer of paper is placed, followed by charcoal of the same thickness as the first layer. In this way, alternate layers of shiitake mushrooms and charcoal fill the container, which is then covered and sealed.
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How to identify contaminant fungi in edible mushroom cultivation? Simple identification methods to share
During the cultivation of edible mushrooms, various harmful organisms and abiotic disturbances often occur. Mushroom growers all consider contaminant fungi to be a major enemy in production, and they must be recognized and prevented in advance, with targeted control, in order to ensure a good harvest. 1. Competitive contaminant fungi are mainly some saprophytic fungi that compete with edible mushrooms for nutrients, water and oxygen in the substrate, especially in the early stages of cultivation management when they are more likely to invade the mushroom blocks, secrete toxins, and inhibit the expansion and spread of the edible mushroom mycelium. 2. Infectious and non-
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A Detailed Guide to Simple Storage Methods for Edible Mushroom Spawn
Ensuring the storage quality of edible mushroom spawn can effectively preserve its superior strain characteristics and extend the number of years a good variety can be used. Therefore, it is just as important as breeding new varieties and is an indispensable and important part of edible mushroom production. However, formal and strict storage methods require some equipment and also place high demands on operating technique; for many mushroom growers, some simple traditional methods are more feasible and more worth promoting. 1. Low-temperature storage at the bottom of a well. This is a method of storing spawn by using the principle that the bottom of a well has a constant and low temperature, and it is suitable for
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Simple and Practical Methods for Preserving Edible Mushroom Spawn
While domesticating the wild-cultivated oyster mushroom variety "1015", we subjected the strains to salt-tolerance training. This involved salinizing ordinary PDA medium to prepare a solution at a concentration of 1.0%-1.5%, sterilizing it under high pressure for 45-60 minutes, cooling it to make slants, inoculating under sterile conditions, and culturing in an incubator. After the cultures matured, every 10 tubes were grouped together, placed in polyethylene bags, and stored at room temperature for 9 months before subculturing. The survival rate reached over 95%,
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Simple insulation methods for winter cultivation of oyster mushrooms
Winter cultivation of oyster mushrooms has a high success rate, and it is also a good opportunity for people to use their spare time to make money. But how can suitable temperatures be created for cultivating oyster mushrooms in winter? 1. Cultivation of oyster mushrooms should begin in late autumn. When the weather turns cold, have mushroom bags with mycelium covering half the bag ready as insulating oyster mushroom bags. 2. After the temperature becomes very low, stack the mushroom bags to make it easier to raise and maintain the temperature. The stacking method is: make 4 rows into one section, place 7 bags in each row, and leave a gap of about 5 cm between rows for ventilation. Leave a distance of 67 cm between sections
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Simple preservation techniques for oyster mushrooms help you extend storage time
Under normal conditions, oyster mushrooms are difficult to store and have a short shelf life. Two days after harvesting, oyster mushrooms lose freshness sharply due to water loss, the caps turn yellow, and an off-odor appears. During peak fruiting seasons, large quantities of fresh mushrooms flood the market at once, causing mushroom prices to plummet; on the other hand, during off-seasons and in cities far from mushroom-growing areas, there is little mushroom supply and nothing to sell. For this reason, here is a brief introduction to research on oyster mushroom storage and preservation. Method: Harvest oyster mushrooms at 80% maturity, remove diseased, insect-damaged, and damaged mushrooms, place them in a clean, cool, ventilated area, and use an exhaust fan for 1-1.5 days of air-cooling pretreatment, then
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Detailed Explanation of Simple Insulation Methods for Oyster Mushrooms in Winter
In the process of cultivating oyster mushrooms, the author has explored a set of simple insulation methods through practice, which are introduced as follows: In late autumn, bagging and inoculation for oyster mushroom cultivation should begin, so that by the time the temperature drops and turns cold, half a bag of mycelium can already be well developed. When such mushroom bags are subjected to insulated cultivation, the bags can quickly become fully colonized with mycelium. For those who have not started bagging and inoculation in advance, they can carry out one-time heated mycelium development. After the temperature drops, densely stack the mushroom bags that have developed half a bag of mycelium, stacking them as high and as wide as possible to facilitate heat accumulation, warming, and insulation. Stacking method: every 4 rows form a section, with 7 mushroom bags per row
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A Simple Method for Rapid Mycelial Colonization of Oyster Mushroom Production Bags
After inoculation of oyster mushrooms grown in bags, it generally takes 25-30 days for the mycelium to fully colonize the bag. The longer the colonization time, the greater the chance of contamination by competing microorganisms, and the longer the production cycle. To shorten the colonization time and improve economic returns, here is a simple method for rapid mycelial colonization of oyster mushroom production bags. At the center of both ends of the oyster mushroom production bag, use a pointed rod 2-3 cm in diameter and 30 cm long to make a hole, with the hole depth reaching more than half of the substrate bag. Then place an appropriate amount of spawn into the rod hole, and also place on the substrate surface at the bag end more
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Simple Control Methods for Eight Diseases and Pests of Edible Fungi
In China, more than 20 species of edible fungi are cultivated on a relatively large scale, including the button mushroom, shiitake, oyster mushroom, snow fungus, wood ear, king stropharia, nameko, and pine mushroom. In recent years, edible fungus cultivation has achieved encouraging results, but according to growers' feedback, diseases and pests of edible fungi frequently occur, causing varying degrees of loss. Here we introduce simple control methods for eight diseases and pests. 1. Brown rot, also known as white rot or blister disease, mainly harms the fruiting bodies of straw mushroom, button mushroom, and others. If the casing soil is contaminated, spray 50% carbendazim or 70%
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