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Technical Regulations for Sterilization in Bagged Edible Mushroom Production
Whether sterilization in bagged edible mushroom production is thorough or not determines the success or failure of production. Sterilization means holding the production substrate at a certain temperature and pressure for a certain period of time to kill the spores of contaminating bacteria in the substrate, promote the growth of microorganisms (such as enoki mushroom and shiitake mushroom mycelium), increase yield and quality, and improve the grower's returns. Regardless of what type of sterilization stove is used, the principles of sterilization fall roughly into two categories: one is high-pressure sterilization, and the other is atmospheric-pressure sterilization. Atmospheric-pressure sterilization requires low investment, simple facilities, convenient operation, is safe,
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Overview of Research Progress and Current Utilization of Propolis
Propolis is a resinous substance collected by honeybees from tree buds, bark and other parts of plants, mixed with secretions from the bees' hypopharyngeal glands, wax glands and other glands, and processed and transformed by the bees. Propolis is an opaque solid, brown, reddish-brown or grayish-brown in color, sometimes with a greenish tinge, and in a few cases nearly black. Natural fresh propolis has a resinous fragrance and is sticky and malleable. It begins to soften at 36°C, becomes hard and brittle and can be pulverized at 15°C, and melts into a viscous liquid at 60-70°C. Propolis is a resinous substance, highly soluble in ether, chloroform, acetone,
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Detailed Explanation of Snake Processing and Utilization Methods and Techniques
The snake is almost entirely a treasure, and its comprehensive utilization offers high economic benefits. Its comprehensive utilization mainly includes the following methods. Processing snake skin: To process snake skin, you must first skin the snake. There are mainly two methods for skinning a snake: one is the hanging skinning method, in which the removed skin is cylindrical, and is then cut vertically along the belly to become a flat sheet; the other is the ground skinning method, in which the removed skin is already a flat sheet, that is, the head and tail are cut off and the middle portion is taken. However, no matter which skinning method is used, the skin must be spread flat, nailed onto a wooden board, air-dried, and then removed for later use.
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Utilization Methods and Techniques of the Three Wheat Feeds
Wheat bran, wheat chaff and wheat straw are collectively called the three wheat feeds, and they are important feeds in the main wheat-producing areas. Rational utilization of the three wheat feeds can promote the development of animal husbandry. If used improperly, not only will they fail to produce the desired effect, but they can also cause livestock and poultry to contract certain diseases, resulting in economic losses. Wheat bran belongs to the high-phosphorus, low-calcium feed category, and the ratio of phosphorus to calcium it contains is 4:1, which is exactly the opposite of the physiological calcium-to-phosphorus ratio required by livestock and poultry of 1.5:1 to 2:1. Feeding too much wheat bran can cause calcium deficiency disease due to an imbalanced calcium-to-phosphorus ratio. Such as rickets in young animals, and in adult animals
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Operative Method and Technical Key Points of Vasectomy for Sterilization in Deer
Vasectomy can achieve sterilization by blocking sperm output without affecting the libido or antler-producing performance of male deer. The relevant details of this surgery are summarized below. 1 Preoperative preparation 1.1 A small amount of easily digestible feed should be given on the evening before the surgery; no feed is given on the following morning, and the surgery is performed in the morning or forenoon. 1.2 Anesthesia To enhance the anesthetic effect, the dose of Xiannailin (a deer anesthetic) may be increased, with 1.5 to 2 ampoules injected intramuscularly per deer. 1.3 The surgical site is scrubbed, shaved, dried, and disinfected.
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Detailed Explanation of Processing and Utilization Techniques for Medicinal Scorpions
There are two methods for processing medicinal finished scorpions: light whole scorpion and salted whole scorpion. 1. Processing of light whole scorpion. Light whole scorpion is also called clear water scorpion. Before processing, soak the scorpions to be processed in clean water for about one hour, while gently stirring to wash off the dirt on the scorpions' bodies and allow them to excrete feces. After removing them, put them into boiling water and cook over high heat for about 30 minutes. The water in the pot should be sufficient to submerge the scorpions. After removing from the pot, spread them on mats and place them in basins to air-dry. 2. Processing of salted whole scorpion. Salted whole scorpion is also called salt water scorpion. Processing of salted whole scorpion
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Study on Immunization Methods against Swine Trichinellosis and Biochemical Characteristics of Trichinella Antigens
1. Biochemical characteristics of Trichinella antigens: For the first time, advanced techniques including sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), isoelectric focusing (IEF), two-dimensional electrophoresis and enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) were applied to analyze 4 types of Trichinella antigens. The analysis showed that the soluble antigen of muscle larvae contains at least glycoproteins, lipoproteins, glycolipoproteins, simple proteins, polysaccharides and esterase isozymes. Two-dimensional electrophoresis revealed 122 polypeptide spots, most of which were acidic polypeptides with molecular weights below 67 KD.
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Symptoms and Treatment Methods of Sheep Photosensitization
Sheep photosensitization is a disease caused by photodynamic substances in the sheep's skin, which makes light-colored skin react too strongly to sunlight and results in skin damage. Expert disease analysis. (1) Causes: This disease can be divided into 2 types: primary photosensitization and secondary photosensitization: Primary photosensitization: photoactive substances from plants such as hypericin, fagopyrin, and substances from plants of the Apiaceae and Rutaceae families can cause photosensitization in livestock and poultry. Clover, alfalfa, cow parsley and brassica are also related to photosensitization; some
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Key Points and Methods of Fertilization Techniques for Shatang Mandarin
Fertilization Techniques for Shatang Mandarin
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How to Fertilize Walnut Trees? A Detailed Guide to Fertilization Methods
Fertilization Methods for Walnut Trees
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