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What are the identification methods for the Chinese medicinal herb Schisandra chinensis?
Schisandra is divided into Liao Schisandra and Shan Schisandra, both traditional Chinese medicinal herbs with a long history of use. In recent years they have sold very well, especially last year when Korean pharmaceutical traders came to China to purchase large quantities of Liao Schisandra, causing the price to soar to around 70 yuan. As the price of the medicinal herb rose, unscrupulous traders tried every means to adulterate and counterfeit it. When the price of Liao Schisandra was high, they mixed Shan Schisandra into it for sale. Now the prices of Liao Schisandra and Shan Schisandra are similar, and both remain high, so they have mixed in the seeds of a wild type of cultivated mountain grape. To improve everyone's identification ability, the following
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Symptom Identification and Control Methods for Mushroom Brown Blotch Disease
Mushroom brown blotch disease, also known as dry bubble disease, is fairly widespread and occurs frequently on mushroom beds, causing great damage. Symptoms: When the disease occurs, brown spots usually form on the stipe, cap, and gills, and become sunken; the mushrooms often lose their firmness and become deformed. In severe cases, the mushrooms rot. Diseased young mushrooms are mostly deformed, with the edge of the cap appearing serrated, or the stipe bending; some look like garlic bulbs, with the stipe thicker than the cap. When large mushrooms are affected, localized brown spots usually appear; the diseased mushrooms later dry out and become leathery, and a gray mold layer forms on the diseased parts. Unlike white rot disease, the diseased mushrooms rot
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Symptom Identification and Control Methods for Carnation Rust
[Pathogen] Uromyces caryophyllinus (Schrank) Wint., belonging to the fungal subphylum Basidiomycotina, genus Uromyces. It is a heteroecious rust fungus. [Symptoms] The disease mainly damages leaves, and also damages stems and calyx. The affected parts initially show pale small raised spots, which later turn yellow around the edges. In severe cases, leaves and stems become distorted. During the growing season, brown small powdery masses appear on the underside of infected leaves or on stems and calyx lobes; these are the uredinia of the pathogen. In autumn and winter
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Symptom Identification and Control Methods of Carnation Necrotic Fleck Disease
[Pathogen] Carnation necrotic fleck virus (Carnationnecroticfiackvirus, CaNFU), thermal death point 40-45°C, in vitro survival period 2-4 days at 20°C. [Symptoms] Grayish-white, pale yellow, or purplish-red necrotic spots or streaks appear on the leaves, and the streaks are often parallel to the leaf veins. Older leaves are more severely affected, and the disease spreads upward. In severe cases, the entire leaf turns yellow and necrotic.
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Symptom Identification and Control Methods of Carnation Viral Diseases
Carnation viral disease is a worldwide disease, occurring in all cultivation regions. The common viral diseases are vein mottle disease, necrotic spot disease, etched ring disease, and latent disease. Viruses often cause carnations to grow weakly, with short flower stems, smaller flowers, mottled petals, and split calyces, severely affecting the quality and yield of cut flowers. (1) Carnation necrotic spot disease: the middle leaves of infected plants turn grayish-white, showing pale yellow necrotic mottling, or irregularly shaped streaks or stripes. The lower leaves often show purplish-red streaks or stripes. As the plant
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Identification and Control Methods for Southern Blight in Carnations
[Distribution]Shanghai, Hangzhou. [Symptoms]The disease occurs at the base of the stem near the soil surface, turning brown and rotting; when the diseased stem tissue is cut open, a tea-brown or dark brown rot develops from the outside toward the center; the xylem also discolors upward, and white mycelium growing in a feathery, radiating pattern can spread to the surrounding soil surface; afterward, on the diseased area and the surrounding soil surface mycelium, sclerotia form that are initially white and later turn yellow-brown, the size of rapeseeds; after a plant is infected, it usually collapses and dies as a whole. On cutting beds, wet rot begins at the callus formation area of the cuttings and can also cause severe root
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How to Identify Mushroom Quality? Practical Identification Methods Taught to You
Mushrooms are a major category of edible fungi, divided into two types: wild mushrooms and artificially cultivated mushrooms. There are many kinds of wild mushrooms, and their shapes and species vary depending on the geographical environment and climatic conditions in which they grow. The variety of artificially cultivated mushrooms is increasing day by day. The most popular ones on the market include enoki mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, and phoenix-tail mushrooms. Good-quality edible mushrooms -- have the normal commercial appearance of edible mushrooms, with color matching their variety, normal odor, no off-flavors, pure variety, uniform size, and must not be mixed with non-edible fungi.
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Symptom Identification and Control Methods of Potato Blackleg
[Pathogen scientific name] Erwinia carotovora var. atroseptica (Van Hall) Dye. [Host crops] Many crops in the Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Apiaceae and other families. [Disease diagnosis] It can occur throughout the entire growth period, mainly damaging the root-stem area and tubers. When seed potatoes are heavily infected, sprouts rot before emergence, or emerged seedlings die quickly; in mild cases, symptoms appear successively when seedlings are 10-20 cm tall. Diseased plants are stunted, yellowed and dwarfed, and the cortex and
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Symptom Identification and Control Methods of Carnation Rust
Rust is one of the common diseases of carnation, and susceptibility varies among cultivars. It generally occurs commonly in autumn and winter when control is neglected, and is severe in continuous cropping fields where the previous crop was heavily diseased. The whole plant can be affected, with leaves suffering the most severe damage. Reddish-brown spots appear on both the upper and lower surfaces of diseased leaves, and the epidermis around the diseased area ruptures, exposing red powdery material, which is the uredinium of the pathogen. In the later stage, the color of the diseased area deepens, and after the epidermis ruptures, dark brown to black powdery material appears, which is the telium of the pathogen. Rust can also damage the stems and sepals of carnation. Carnation rust is caused by the fungus Uromyces dianthi, and is a
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Symptoms, Identification, and Control Methods of Root Rot in Dianthus
Identification points: Dianthus root rot mainly affects the root system. After the plant is infected, its growth becomes weak, there are very few fibrous roots on the diseased plant, and the leaves wilt. In severe cases, the root system turns entirely brown, rots, and the root cortex peels off easily, and the whole plant withers. Occurrence characteristics: The pathogen belongs to the Pythium group. This fungus survives on plant residues in the soil and is an important soil-borne fungus that can harm many kinds of plants, causing Pythium root rot. The disease is severe when the soil or growing medium is slightly alkaline and humidity is high. Under conditions such as being placed too densely, excessive watering, and poor ventilation, it is also prone to
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