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Analysis of Cotton Production Misconceptions and Ways to Increase Yield Through Plant Protection (Part 5)
For more than a decade, with the widespread promotion of genetically modified insect-resistant cotton, cotton bollworm is no longer enough to make cotton farmers turn pale at the mention of pests. However, Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt have always been the "tightening band" giving cotton farmers headaches, aphids and red spider mites "stir up trouble" every year, cotton stink bugs and tobacco whiteflies have become increasingly rampant in recent years, and together with cotton bollworm suddenly breaking out in certain years, pesticide control of cotton is still an unavoidable matter. At the same time, there are also the following two serious problems in pest and disease control, which directly lead to
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Planting dry Pinellia has high benefits and is a good project for farmers to increase income.
According to statistical analysis of market surveys of major medicinal herb markets and production areas across the country, there is currently a large gap between supply and demand for dry Pinellia, with a strong trend, and the price has risen to 45-52 yuan per kg, with a favorable outlook. According to Zhao Xijin, a traditional Chinese medicine pharmacist at the Anguo City Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials Association in Hebei, wild resources of dry Pinellia are gradually decreasing, and the seed quantity per mu for planting dry Pinellia is relatively large, about 30-40 kg, with high planting costs (over 600 yuan). Herb farmers are generally unwilling to develop it on a large scale and only plant it on a small scale, cultivating their own seedlings before expanding. This situation has caused
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Control Methods and Technical Key Points for Pests and Diseases of Asarum (Wild Ginger)
The main disease is sclerotinia rot, which mainly damages the roots. In the early stage, the base of the root becomes soft and rotting, with white filamentous substances visible, and gradually the aboveground leaves turn yellow, then lodge and die. Spray the leaves or drench the roots with a 500 to 1000 times dilution of 50% carbendazim. The main pest is the black hairy caterpillar, which generally appears in mid to late June. It damages the leaves, and in severe cases the leaves are completely eaten bare. Spray with a 1000 times dilution of dichlorvos or trichlorfon to kill them.
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Methods and Technical Key Points for Pest and Disease Control in Asarum
For damping-off disease, before the seeds emerge in spring, spray the seedbed surface with 70% Dexon at 500 times dilution; after emergence, use 50% carbendazim at 500 times dilution for control. Sclerotinia disease mostly occurs in June-July. At the early stage of the disease, brown strip-shaped lesions appear at the base of the leaf petioles, and after they spread, the aboveground parts lodge and die. At the same time, the pathogen spreads to the roots, covering the rhizome with black sclerotia, until the entire root rots away leaving only the root bark. The control methods are: loosen the soil promptly in early spring, raise the soil temperature, and pay attention to drainage; promptly pull out and destroy diseased plants
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How to prevent and control several common diseases of straw mushrooms?
① During the mushroom bud formation stage, control the temperature at 25-28°C. When the temperature suddenly drops below 20°C in early autumn, cover the shed with straw curtains for insulation; ② During the mycelium growth stage, the light should be dimmer to prevent strong light stimulation from causing premature mushroom bud formation; pile the straw firmly to help the mycelium connect tightly; ③ During the mycelium growth period, spray rotenone and dichlorvos around the culture material on the mushroom bed to kill pests such as millipedes and woodlice; ④ The spawn must be isolated or introduced every year and stored at a suitable temperature; ⑤ Regularly sprinkle water on the beds around the material blocks or irrigate in the bed furrows to keep the bed moist.
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Common Pest and Disease Species Infecting Tulips and Their Control Measures
Tulips originate from the Mediterranean coast and central Asia. Their Chinese names include caoshexiang, honglanhua, mudanbaihe, yanghehua, yangshuixian, and others. They are perennial herbaceous plants of the genus Tulipa in the family Liliaceae. The plant height is 30-50 cm; the bulb is flattened conical with a brown tunic; leaves number 3-5; the flower is solitary at the top of the stem, large, upright, cup-shaped, with the base often dark purple; the capsule bears flat seeds; the natural flowering period is March-May, and the fruit ripening period is April-June. Tulips are famous bulbous flowers, and their brilliantly colorful flower forms and colors are favored by the broad masses of visitors. However
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Detailed Explanation of Canine Disease Diagnostic Techniques: Introduction to Palpation Methods
This involves using fingers, the palm, or the back of the hand to touch the corresponding parts of the dog's body to determine whether there is any lesion, as well as the location, size, shape, hardness, humidity, temperature, and sensitivity of the lesion. In addition, diagnostic instruments (such as various probes) can also be used for palpation. Palpation with instruments requires certain equipment, medical knowledge, and technical skill, which is generally difficult for ordinary households to manage; therefore, we focus on introducing the method of using the hands to touch the dog's body to examine and discover abnormal signs. Palpation is usually based on inspection, with key touching of suspicious areas and organs. Palpation can be divided into superficial palpation
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A Detailed Explanation of Visual Inspection Methods in Dog Disease Diagnosis Techniques
Examining and identifying certain abnormal manifestations in a sick dog is called diagnosis. Some abnormal manifestations in sick dogs are obvious and easy to detect and identify. However, some mild or inconspicuous manifestations are often difficult to distinguish from normal phenomena. This requires the use of special diagnostic methods or instruments for examination, followed by comprehensive analysis, to finally determine whether the dog is ill and what condition it has. Of course, some of these are carried out by veterinary professionals, while some examination and analysis items should also be known and mastered by dog owners. The following is about dog diseases
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Key Technical Points for Integrated Control of Rice Diseases, Insect Pests, Weeds and Rodents
1. Suitable areas: all rice-growing areas in Guangdong Province. The rodent control technology is suitable for controlling house mice in agriculture, forestry, livestock and poultry farming, and urban areas of Guangdong Province. 2. Key technical points for rice disease and insect pest control: (1) Agricultural control: A. Select disease- and insect-resistant, high-yielding, high-quality varieties. B. Sow and transplant at the appropriate time. C. Rational close planting and fertilization. For seedling throwing, 40 trays per mu (560 holes) is appropriate; for transplanted fields, about 20,000 hills per mu (6X5 cun), that is, about 80,000-100,000 seedlings, is appropriate. For basal fertilizer, it is recommended to apply more organic fertilizer; according to soil fertility and yield, apply an appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the early and middle stages (about 10 kg of pure nitrogen per mu), and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.
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Detailed Explanation of Pollution-Free Control Techniques for Rice Pests and Diseases
I. Agricultural Control Agricultural control is the foundation for achieving pollution-free control of rice pests and diseases, and its basic principle is to create an environment that favors crop growth and development while disfavoring the breeding of pests and diseases. 1. Increase the application of organic fertilizers and gradually reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers used. In production, relying solely on chemical fertilizers (especially nitrogenous chemical fertilizers) while neglecting the cultivation, composting and use of organic fertilizers is one of the important reasons for the current severe occurrence of rice pests and diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to change concepts, attach importance to developing animal husbandry, planting green manure crops and composting various types of farmyard manure, and establish a new fertilization model based primarily on organic fertilizers and supplemented by chemical fertilizers. In order to increase the sources of organic fertilizer, it is required to plow and sow green manure or other crops in winter to prevent fields from overwintering fallow. Doing so can not only reduce the overwintering base of the striped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis) and sheath blight sclerotia, but also improve the soil. Organic fertilizer is a complete fertilizer and can comprehensively supply the various nutrient elements needed by crops, but it is also a slow-release fertilizer, and most of the nutrient elements it contains cannot be directly utilized by plants; they must first be decomposed by microorganisms into ammonium nitrogen and inorganic salts before they can be absorbed. The early stage of rice growth is precisely the key period when quick-acting fertilizers (especially nitrogen fertilizer) are needed. If the required nutrients cannot be guaranteed, it will inevitably affect normal tillering, resulting in failure to grow vigorously in the early stage and then delayed maturity with excessive vegetative growth in the later stage. Therefore, when increasing the application of organic fertilizer, attention must be paid to resolving the above contradiction between supply and demand in order to achieve safe nitrogen uptake by rice (that is, continuously and evenly supplying nitrogen fertilizer according to the needs of each growth stage, neither too much nor too little, so that rice grows steadily in the early and middle stages and does not senesce prematurely or grow excessively in the later stage). For example: when green manure is the main fertilizer source, first, the total application amount must be controlled, with about 1000 kg of fresh grass applied per 667 sq m, and not too much; second, when sowing green manure, green manure varieties with different degrees of decomposition difficulty must be mixed and sown; third, plowing must be carried out early at the appropriate time to promote the decomposition of green manure. When barnyard manure and cake fertilizer are the main fertilizer sources, efforts should be made to fully decompose them before application, they should be distributed evenly during application, and attention should be paid to intermittent irrigation after transplanting to promote the decomposition of organic fertilizer. Increasing the application of organic fertilizer does not exclude the use of chemical fertilizers; the two should be combined. At the beginning of tillering, apply 50 kg to 100 kg of silicon-manganese compound fertilizer per 667 sq m in a timely topdressing to promote early and rapid growth and steady development of the seedlings, laying a good foundation for pollution-free rice production.
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