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Detailed Explanation of Common Rice Diseases and Their Control Methods
Throughout the entire growth period of rice, common diseases include rice blast, bacterial leaf streak, bacterial leaf blight, sheath blight, rice false smut, and others. (1) Rice blast: It can occur from the seedling stage to the heading stage. According to the symptoms shown at different growth stages and on different parts of the plant, it can be divided into 5 types: seedling blast, leaf blast, node blast, panicle blast, and grain blast. 1. Main symptoms (1) Seedling blast: The diseased seedling turns grayish-black at the stem base near the soil surface, and the upper part turns light reddish-brown, causing the entire seedling to curl and die. (2) Leaf blast: On
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12% Rice Power is worthy of being called the nemesis of rice diseases
12% Rice Power emulsifiable concentrate (i.e. 12% Green Copper Emulsifiable Concentrate, rice-specific type) is a fungicide specially for rice. According to large-scale demonstration and promotion in major rice-producing areas such as Hunan, Hubei, Guangxi and Zhejiang, it has good control effects on many fungal and bacterial diseases of rice such as bacterial leaf streak, bacterial blight, rice false smut and rice blast, and its effect on bacterial leaf streak is especially remarkable. Rice Power is a low-toxicity pesticide; under natural conditions it degrades quickly, with no residue and no pollution, and is safe to humans, livestock and the environment; among its components
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Identification and Control Methods of Common Rice Diseases
1. Rice blast (1) Damage characteristics: Rice blast, also known as rice fever disease, commonly called fire blast, dangling-head blast, neck-pinching blast, etc., is one of the most widespread and most damaging fungal diseases worldwide, mainly harming the aboveground parts of the host plant. Because the damage period and site differ, it can be divided into seedling blast, leaf blast, neck blast, branch blast, grain blast, etc. Its host range includes rice, wheat, crabgrass and many other grass family plants. The rice blast pathogen mainly overwinters on diseased rice straw, and in the second year spreads from the diseased straw into rice fields to infect and cause damage. Pathogen transmission mainly relies on wind
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What are the symptoms of viral diseases in rice?
Affected plants are stunted and the leaves become discolored, growth declines, and the leaf color turns orange to yellow. When indica rice is infected, the color is mostly orange or slightly reddish, so it is also called red leaf disease. Mottling appears on young leaves, and rust-colored spots appear on old leaves. At present, 11 kinds of rice viral diseases have been found in China (including two mycoplasma-like diseases), namely common dwarf disease, yellow leaf disease, stripe leaf blight, black-streaked dwarf disease, yellow wilt disease, grassy stunt disease, bunchy dwarf disease, ragged stunt disease, orange leaf disease, tungro disease, and tumor dwarf disease. In southern China, rice common dwarf disease and yellow leaf disease cause the most severe damage.
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Detailed Explanation of Pollution-Free Control Techniques for Rice Pests and Diseases
I. Agricultural Control Agricultural control is the foundation for achieving pollution-free control of rice pests and diseases, and its basic principle is to create an environment that favors crop growth and development while disfavoring the breeding of pests and diseases. 1. Increase the application of organic fertilizers and gradually reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers used. In production, relying solely on chemical fertilizers (especially nitrogenous chemical fertilizers) while neglecting the cultivation, composting and use of organic fertilizers is one of the important reasons for the current severe occurrence of rice pests and diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to change concepts, attach importance to developing animal husbandry, planting green manure crops and composting various types of farmyard manure, and establish a new fertilization model based primarily on organic fertilizers and supplemented by chemical fertilizers. In order to increase the sources of organic fertilizer, it is required to plow and sow green manure or other crops in winter to prevent fields from overwintering fallow. Doing so can not only reduce the overwintering base of the striped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis) and sheath blight sclerotia, but also improve the soil. Organic fertilizer is a complete fertilizer and can comprehensively supply the various nutrient elements needed by crops, but it is also a slow-release fertilizer, and most of the nutrient elements it contains cannot be directly utilized by plants; they must first be decomposed by microorganisms into ammonium nitrogen and inorganic salts before they can be absorbed. The early stage of rice growth is precisely the key period when quick-acting fertilizers (especially nitrogen fertilizer) are needed. If the required nutrients cannot be guaranteed, it will inevitably affect normal tillering, resulting in failure to grow vigorously in the early stage and then delayed maturity with excessive vegetative growth in the later stage. Therefore, when increasing the application of organic fertilizer, attention must be paid to resolving the above contradiction between supply and demand in order to achieve safe nitrogen uptake by rice (that is, continuously and evenly supplying nitrogen fertilizer according to the needs of each growth stage, neither too much nor too little, so that rice grows steadily in the early and middle stages and does not senesce prematurely or grow excessively in the later stage). For example: when green manure is the main fertilizer source, first, the total application amount must be controlled, with about 1000 kg of fresh grass applied per 667 sq m, and not too much; second, when sowing green manure, green manure varieties with different degrees of decomposition difficulty must be mixed and sown; third, plowing must be carried out early at the appropriate time to promote the decomposition of green manure. When barnyard manure and cake fertilizer are the main fertilizer sources, efforts should be made to fully decompose them before application, they should be distributed evenly during application, and attention should be paid to intermittent irrigation after transplanting to promote the decomposition of organic fertilizer. Increasing the application of organic fertilizer does not exclude the use of chemical fertilizers; the two should be combined. At the beginning of tillering, apply 50 kg to 100 kg of silicon-manganese compound fertilizer per 667 sq m in a timely topdressing to promote early and rapid growth and steady development of the seedlings, laying a good foundation for pollution-free rice production.
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Key Technical Points for Integrated Control of Rice Diseases, Insect Pests, Weeds and Rodents
1. Suitable areas: all rice-growing areas in Guangdong Province. The rodent control technology is suitable for controlling house mice in agriculture, forestry, livestock and poultry farming, and urban areas of Guangdong Province. 2. Key technical points for rice disease and insect pest control: (1) Agricultural control: A. Select disease- and insect-resistant, high-yielding, high-quality varieties. B. Sow and transplant at the appropriate time. C. Rational close planting and fertilization. For seedling throwing, 40 trays per mu (560 holes) is appropriate; for transplanted fields, about 20,000 hills per mu (6X5 cun), that is, about 80,000-100,000 seedlings, is appropriate. For basal fertilizer, it is recommended to apply more organic fertilizer; according to soil fertility and yield, apply an appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the early and middle stages (about 10 kg of pure nitrogen per mu), and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.
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A Detailed Explanation of Visual Inspection Methods in Dog Disease Diagnosis Techniques
Examining and identifying certain abnormal manifestations in a sick dog is called diagnosis. Some abnormal manifestations in sick dogs are obvious and easy to detect and identify. However, some mild or inconspicuous manifestations are often difficult to distinguish from normal phenomena. This requires the use of special diagnostic methods or instruments for examination, followed by comprehensive analysis, to finally determine whether the dog is ill and what condition it has. Of course, some of these are carried out by veterinary professionals, while some examination and analysis items should also be known and mastered by dog owners. The following is about dog diseases
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Detailed Explanation of Canine Disease Diagnostic Techniques: Introduction to Palpation Methods
This involves using fingers, the palm, or the back of the hand to touch the corresponding parts of the dog's body to determine whether there is any lesion, as well as the location, size, shape, hardness, humidity, temperature, and sensitivity of the lesion. In addition, diagnostic instruments (such as various probes) can also be used for palpation. Palpation with instruments requires certain equipment, medical knowledge, and technical skill, which is generally difficult for ordinary households to manage; therefore, we focus on introducing the method of using the hands to touch the dog's body to examine and discover abnormal signs. Palpation is usually based on inspection, with key touching of suspicious areas and organs. Palpation can be divided into superficial palpation
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Common Pest and Disease Species Infecting Tulips and Their Control Measures
Tulips originate from the Mediterranean coast and central Asia. Their Chinese names include caoshexiang, honglanhua, mudanbaihe, yanghehua, yangshuixian, and others. They are perennial herbaceous plants of the genus Tulipa in the family Liliaceae. The plant height is 30-50 cm; the bulb is flattened conical with a brown tunic; leaves number 3-5; the flower is solitary at the top of the stem, large, upright, cup-shaped, with the base often dark purple; the capsule bears flat seeds; the natural flowering period is March-May, and the fruit ripening period is April-June. Tulips are famous bulbous flowers, and their brilliantly colorful flower forms and colors are favored by the broad masses of visitors. However
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How to prevent and control several common diseases of straw mushrooms?
① During the mushroom bud formation stage, control the temperature at 25-28°C. When the temperature suddenly drops below 20°C in early autumn, cover the shed with straw curtains for insulation; ② During the mycelium growth stage, the light should be dimmer to prevent strong light stimulation from causing premature mushroom bud formation; pile the straw firmly to help the mycelium connect tightly; ③ During the mycelium growth period, spray rotenone and dichlorvos around the culture material on the mushroom bed to kill pests such as millipedes and woodlice; ④ The spawn must be isolated or introduced every year and stored at a suitable temperature; ⑤ Regularly sprinkle water on the beds around the material blocks or irrigate in the bed furrows to keep the bed moist.
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