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After the first harvest of oyster mushrooms, beware of bacterial diseases
During the fruiting stage, oyster mushrooms are susceptible to infection by harmful bacteria, so bacterial diseases such as soft rot and spot disease often occur. On December 13, the reporter saw in some mushroom sheds in Zhujiaya Village, Tianliu Town, Shouguang City that the two ends of some mushroom bags after the first harvest of oyster mushrooms showed dark brown watery rot, making it difficult for the second flush to fruit. The reporter's analysis suggests that this situation is soft rot caused by bacterial infection. When oyster mushroom soft rot occurs, the mycelium degenerates, the surface of the substrate bag darkens, softens, and becomes water-soaked and rotten, accompanied by a foul odor. To summarize the causes of the disease in their sheds
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What are the control methods for bacterial blotch disease in oyster mushrooms?
Rust-colored or dark brown spots appearing on the caps and stipes of oyster mushrooms are called bacterial blotch disease of oyster mushrooms. This disease is a bacterial disease that easily occurs during the fruiting body growth stage of oyster mushrooms. The pathogen causing this disease is a Pseudomonas bacterium that is extremely widely distributed in nature. In the early stage of the disease, the spots are only the size of a needle tip and light in color, generally not affecting commercial value. As the disease worsens, the spots rapidly enlarge and their color continuously deepens, often appearing oval or spindle-shaped, or connecting with each other to form irregular large patches, with rust-yellow discolored areas around the patches. When the mushroom bed is severely
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What are the control methods for round spot disease of Panax notoginseng?
It can damage all parts of the plant. In the early stage of leaf disease, yellow spots appear on the underside of the leaves. In humid weather or during continuous rainy days, they rapidly expand into transparent round spots. When the weather is dry after the disease occurs, the lesions are relatively large, round and brown, with obvious concentric rings. When the stems are affected, the damaged parts are chestnut-colored, and the diseased area has a grayish-white mold layer, which can cause bud rot and stem base rot. Control methods: First, during the epidemic season of round spot disease, open the ventilation doors of the Panax notoginseng garden to increase air flow and reduce humidity inside the garden. Second, adjust the light intensity for Panax notoginseng to avoid excessively strong light, which is conducive to the spread of the disease.
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Control Methods for Green Mold Disease in Lingzhi (Reishi Mushroom)
Green mold (Trichoderma viride Pers. ex Fr.) belongs to the class Hyphomycetes, order Moniliales, family Moniliaceae, genus Trichoderma, under the subdivision Deuteromycotina. 1. Morphological characteristics: The hyphae are slender, colorless, septate, and much branched. Conidiophores arise from lateral branches of the hyphae, opposite or alternate, generally with 2-3 branchings; the sterigmata bearing conidia are flask-shaped or cone-shaped. Conidia are mostly spherical, with the spore wall bearing small warty protuberances, green or blue-green. On PDA medium, the colony is initially white and cottony, later becoming dark
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Key Technical Points for Pest and Disease Control During the Cultivation Period of Gastrodia elata
Gastrodia elata is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicinal herb. It is a special seed plant with no roots and no green leaves; it cannot nourish itself and must rely on symbiosis with Armillaria mellea to obtain nutrients for reproduction and growth. Therefore, cultivating Gastrodia elata differs from growing green plants, and three key steps must be managed according to its growth patterns. First, the cultivation of Armillaria mellea-infected wood; second, the selection and cultivation of Gastrodia elata seed tubers; third, the symbiotic cultivation of Gastrodia elata with Armillaria mellea. In all three production steps there is a chance of contamination by miscellaneous fungi, and if any step is done poorly, especially under unfavorable conditions, it will lead to failure in Gastrodia elata cultivation.
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How can cotton be given base fertilizer skillfully to increase yield?
For base fertilizer in cotton fields, first, apply more organic fertilizers of various kinds, or bio-organic compound fertilizers; second, achieve formula fertilization and balanced fertilization, applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a ratio of 3:1:3; third, for insect-resistant cotton, apply more potassium fertilizer, with no less than 15 kg per mu as base fertilizer, plus 0.5-0.7 kg of zinc fertilizer and 0.4 kg of Chilibor; fourth, apply fertilizer in an appropriate amount, and do not blindly pursue quantity; applying 25-30 kg per mu of high-content ternary compound fertilizer is sufficient; fifth, change broadcast application to furrow application or hole application, and the cotton seedling roots should maintain
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Spraying cotton with fertilizer boosts yield and reduces pests and diseases
Spraying nitrogen fertilizer: Urea has the effect of destroying insect chitin. When cotton aphids (especially summer aphids) occur, mix urea, laundry detergent and water in a ratio of 4:1:400 to prepare a "wash-urea mixture" and spray it, which has a clear killing effect. Spraying phosphorus fertilizer: During the adult occurrence period of cotton bollworm, using 1%-2% superphosphate leachate as a foliar spray fertilizer can convert oxalic acid into calcium oxalate and cause it to lose its attraction to cotton bollworm. The residual effect of each phosphorus spray is generally 2-3 days. Spraying potassium fertilizer: Use 10 kg of plant ash, add 50 kg of water, soak
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Spraying cotton with seven liquids can increase yield by 100 jin
According to many years of trials by our local agricultural science institute and cotton-grower science households, spraying the following nutrient liquids mixed with pesticide during pest control at different growth stages of cotton can effectively increase yield by 20%-30%. The methods are described below: 1. Chicken manure liquid: take 3 kg of fermented dry chicken manure, 2. add 7.5 kg of water, 3. soak for 30 hours, 4. then boil for 2-5, 3 hours, 6. filter out the residue, 7. then ferment again, 8. until white mold appears on the liquid surface, 9. filter out the white mold, 10. add 50 kg of water, 11. spray evenly on 1 mu of cotton field. 12. Rabbit manure liquid:
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Clever Fertilization in the Late Stage of Cotton: Disease Prevention and Yield Increase at the Same Time
In the late growth stage of cotton, the root system's ability to absorb nutrients declines noticeably, but if fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and boron are sprayed on the cotton leaves, they can prevent premature senescence, promote early maturity, prevent disease, prevent boll shedding and help set large bolls, with a significant yield-increasing effect. 1. Apply nitrogen fertilizer to prevent premature senescence: each time use 75-100 kg of 1% urea solution per mu, spray once every 5-7 days, for 2-3 consecutive sprays, which can enhance leaf photosynthesis and prevent premature senescence and increase yield. 2. Apply phosphorus fertilizer to promote early maturity: in the late stage of cotton, spraying phosphorus fertilizer on the leaves,
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Scientific use of chemical control technology in cotton can effectively increase yield
Scientific chemical control of cotton is an important scientific measure for increasing cotton yield. Chemical regulation technology has three benefits: first, it helps strong seedlings to develop early, controls height and stabilizes growth, making it easier to give play to the yield-increasing advantage; second, it simplifies cotton field management, saving labor and cost; third, it promotes the transformation of second- and third-grade cotton seedlings, achieving balanced development and increasing yield and efficiency. The principle of chemical control is "small amounts, many times; light control, frequent adjustment." One should master "spray every time, control every time" or "control once at every interval" (flexibly according to soil fertility, rainfall, and growth condition), and it is best to "divide the amount for one application into three applications," ensuring the plant grows steadily and robustly "strong but not excessive" from beginning to end. If chemical control is done poorly, it can cause excessive growth or stiff seedlings that do not develop, affecting the normal growth of cotton. Therefore, in the process of implementing chemical control, the dosage of the chemical control agent must be strictly controlled.
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