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Analysis of the Causes of Meteorological Diseases in Oyster Mushroom Cultivation and Prevention Countermeasures
Years of oyster mushroom cultivation practice has proven that abnormal weather changes in spring, with temperatures suddenly rising or dropping sharply, can cause the same meteorological diseases in oyster mushrooms within the same climatic zone. If poorly managed, oyster mushroom fruiting bodies will wilt and die in large numbers within 1-7d, resulting in heavy losses. Therefore, studying meteorological diseases of edible fungi, utilizing weather forecast results, and formulating effective preventive measures have very important practical significance for reducing losses of edible fungi and improving the economic benefits of mushroom cultivation. 1 Typical Cases and Analysis 1.1 Typical Cases Case 1: 1
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Spraying oyster mushrooms with cooled boiled water can significantly increase yield
Spraying cooled boiled water at different stages of oyster mushroom fruiting can increase the biological conversion rate by 33%, and oyster mushrooms sprayed with cooled boiled water flush faster, fruit evenly, and have thick, plump caps. After the oyster mushroom mycelium has fully colonized, remove the plastic film and spray the mushroom bed and the surrounding walls once with cooled boiled water so that the relative air humidity reaches 80-85%; when coral-like primordia appear in large numbers, as the fruiting bodies gradually grow, spray cooled boiled water 3-5 times a day to raise the air humidity to 95%. When spraying, use a fine mist; do not irrigate heavily, so that standing water does not cause mushroom death
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Adding table salt to oyster mushroom substrate can increase yields
In oyster mushroom cultivation, using carbendazim to control contamination by foreign fungi is effective, but pesticide residues remain in the mushrooms, which is harmful to human health, and the cost is relatively high. According to experiments: when cultivating oyster mushrooms on raw substrate, adding 1.5 kg of table salt per 100 kg of dry substrate (dissolved in advance in a measured amount of water) and mixing thoroughly can prevent infection by foreign fungi and also bring mushrooms out 5-7 days earlier. At the same time, because table salt is rich in sodium, calcium, magnesium and other metal ions needed for oyster mushroom growth, if a 10% salt solution is sprayed in the early stage of fruiting body differentiation and after each flush is harvested, the mushrooms can be free of pesticide residues and their quality
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Scraping the mushroom bed surface of oyster mushrooms can increase mushroom weight
After two harvests of oyster mushrooms, the bed surface often becomes severely dry and compacted, with poor air and water permeability, and the mycelium becomes senescent and weak, which delays the fruiting time, reduces mushroom yield, and may even result in no mushrooms at all. Scraping the bed surface can effectively solve this problem and produce a very good yield increase. The method for scraping the bed surface is: for a severely compacted bed surface with an overly thick mycelial skin, scrape off a thin layer of the aged mycelial skin over the entire surface. For a slightly compacted bed surface with a relatively thick mycelial skin, use a wire to scratch many small crisscrossing grooves until the mycelium is exposed. For ridge-bed cultivation,
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What are the control measures for truffle disease in oyster mushrooms?
(1) Disease symptoms The mycelium of this fungus resembles that of the oyster mushroom and cannot be distinguished with the naked eye; it can penetrate deep into the substrate, competing with the oyster mushroom mycelium for nutrients, water and space from the bottom up, inhibiting the mushroom's fruiting capacity. Its physiologically mature mycelium forms ascocarps on the fruiting surface of the substrate, especially in bed cultivation where it occurs over large areas in the zone where the mushroom columns contact the soil; the clustered or grouped ascocarps are shaped like brain-like wrinkled masses, closely resembling walnut kernels with the bitter skin removed, all wrinkled and not spread out; when they first appear, most mushroom growers mistake them for oyster mushroom pinheads, but
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What are the methods for controlling diseases and pests of Gastrodia elata?
I. Diseases and their control 1. Causes of the disease. The primary pathogens of Gastrodia elata diseases are mainly other basidiomycetes among the fungi besides Armillaria mellea, which infect the fresh wood and fungal wood symbiotic with Gastrodia elata's Armillaria mellea, competing with Armillaria mellea for nutrients. In severe cases, they not only inhibit the growth of Armillaria mellea and reduce the yield of Gastrodia elata, but also directly infect the tubers of Gastrodia elata, causing soft rot of Gastrodia elata (called tuber soft rot) or rotting death (called tuber rot). This disease mostly attacks and causes damage when the environment is poor, such as high temperature and high humidity, poor aeration and other conditions unfavorable to the growth of Gastrodia elata, causing the skin of the Gastrodia elata tuber to turn yellow and wither,
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Control Methods for Various Pests and Diseases of Schisandra
(1) Powdery mildew and black spot are two common diseases of northern schisandra (Schisandra chinensis), generally occurring in early June. Control methods: The onset periods of the two diseases are similar. In late May, spray once with a 1:1:100 equal-strength Bordeaux mixture for prevention. If no disease occurs, spray once every 7-10 days. For powdery mildew, use 0.3-0.5 degree lime sulfur mixture, or fenarimol or thiophanate-methyl wettable powder at 800 times dilution; for black spot, use mancozeb 50% wettable powder at 600-800 times dilution. If both diseases
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Methods and Technical Key Points for the Prevention and Control of Pests and Diseases in Schisandra chinensis
(1) Leaf blight starts at the leaf tip or margin in the early stage of the disease, infects the entire leaf surface, causing it to turn yellow, wither and drop; in severe cases, the fruit clusters drop. Prevention and control methods: strengthen field management and ensure good ventilation and light penetration. In the early stage of the disease, spray with 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture, once every 7 days, for several consecutive applications. (2) Leaf roller larvae cause damage, resulting in rolled leaves, affecting fruit growth and even causing fruit drop. Prevention and control methods: use 50% phoxim 1500-fold solution or 50% phosphamidon 1500-fold solution or 40% dimethoate 1000-fold solution or 80% trichlorfon
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Identification methods and control techniques for diseases and pests of Schisandra chinensis
Diseases I. Leaf blight 1. Symptoms. Caused by infection with the leaf blight pathogen of Schisandra chinensis, it is a commonly occurring disease. It is prone to occur from late May to early August when temperatures are high, rain is frequent and ventilation is poor. The disease first starts from the leaf tip or leaf margin, with dark brown lesions appearing, gradually spreading downward and expanding to the entire leaf, and finally causing the whole leaf to turn dark brown, dry up and fall off. The fruit then shrinks, becoming early fruit drop. 2. Control. First, choose a plot with good ventilation. Second, strengthen field management, carry out pruning reasonably, and avoid
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Detailed Explanation of Key Technical Points for Pest and Disease Control in Gastrodia elata
In recent years, we have trial-planted Gastrodia elata several times at the college and achieved a bountiful harvest, but pest and disease damage has also been common, seriously affecting the yield and quality of Gastrodia elata. The causes of their occurrence and prevention methods are described below: I. Diseases. There are mainly two categories of diseases that have a major impact on Gastrodia elata yield: one category is diseases caused by infection with harmful microorganisms, called pathogenic diseases; the other category is physiological tuber rot. 1. Soft rot of tubers. (1) Symptoms: Tubers affected by soft rot show yellowed and withered skin, with the central tissue decayed.
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