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Key Points of Water Management at Different Growth Stages of Rice
Rice has relatively strict requirements for water conditions, and the water demand varies at different growth stages. To ensure stable and high yields of rice, scientific water management should be carried out according to the different growth stages. 1. Shallow water and frequent irrigation at the tillering stage. Shallow water and frequent irrigation at the tillering stage allows good light penetration to the base of the rice plants, so that sunlight can shine directly on the stems of the rice plants, raising the water temperature and soil temperature, increasing oxygen in the soil, promoting root development, improving fertilizer uptake capacity, promoting early tillering, and increasing the rate of tillers forming panicles. The depth of irrigation water should be based on weather conditions, generally 3-5 cm, and a shallow water layer should be used on cloudy and rainy days. High
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Detailed Explanation of Nutrient Uptake Patterns of Rice at Different Growth Stages
The nutrient uptake of rice at various growth stages differs considerably depending on the type. Double-season rice has a short growth period, especially the shortened vegetative growth period in the field, so vegetative growth and reproductive growth overlap shortly after transplanting. That is, tillering in the field begins at the same time as panicle differentiation, and the peak tillering stage occurs during panicle differentiation, thus forming a prominent nutrient uptake peak 2 to 3 weeks after transplanting; single-season rice forms two nutrient uptake peaks 2 to 3 weeks and 7 to 9 weeks after transplanting. The uptake rates of various nutrients by rice all reach
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What causes rice to fail to set grain?
It is understood that rice is extremely sensitive to temperature during the booting and heading stages. The most suitable temperature is 25 to 30 degrees Celsius, and temperatures above 30 degrees will have adverse effects. If the booting stage encounters continuous high temperatures above 35 degrees, the rice floral organs will be underdeveloped, the pollen will develop poorly, and its vitality will decline. If the heading and flowering stage encounters continuous high temperatures above 35 degrees, heat damage will occur, affecting pollen rupture and pollen tube elongation, resulting in failure to fertilize and the formation of empty glume grains, producing what farmers call flowering without grain setting.
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Supplementary zinc fertilization in rice paddies can effectively prevent "sitting stumps"
After rice seedlings are transplanted, they may be slow to grow, fail to turn green, or fail to tiller and even shrink after turning green, which farmers generally call "sitting stumps." Fields with "sitting stumps" mostly occur in low-lying, damp areas and in cold, waterlogged, or poor fields, but they sometimes also occur in fertile fields. There are many causes of this phenomenon, and zinc deficiency is one very important cause. The symptoms of zinc deficiency "sitting stumps" in rice are: the leaf tips of the basal leaves of the rice plant dry up, and yellow-brown to reddish-brown irregular patches appear in the middle section of the leaves; and these gradually spread from the old leaves
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12% Rice Power is worthy of being called the nemesis of rice diseases
12% Rice Power emulsifiable concentrate (i.e. 12% Green Copper Emulsifiable Concentrate, rice-specific type) is a fungicide specially for rice. According to large-scale demonstration and promotion in major rice-producing areas such as Hunan, Hubei, Guangxi and Zhejiang, it has good control effects on many fungal and bacterial diseases of rice such as bacterial leaf streak, bacterial blight, rice false smut and rice blast, and its effect on bacterial leaf streak is especially remarkable. Rice Power is a low-toxicity pesticide; under natural conditions it degrades quickly, with no residue and no pollution, and is safe to humans, livestock and the environment; among its components
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Identification and Control Methods of Common Rice Diseases
1. Rice blast (1) Damage characteristics: Rice blast, also known as rice fever disease, commonly called fire blast, dangling-head blast, neck-pinching blast, etc., is one of the most widespread and most damaging fungal diseases worldwide, mainly harming the aboveground parts of the host plant. Because the damage period and site differ, it can be divided into seedling blast, leaf blast, neck blast, branch blast, grain blast, etc. Its host range includes rice, wheat, crabgrass and many other grass family plants. The rice blast pathogen mainly overwinters on diseased rice straw, and in the second year spreads from the diseased straw into rice fields to infect and cause damage. Pathogen transmission mainly relies on wind
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What are the symptoms of viral diseases in rice?
Affected plants are stunted and the leaves become discolored, growth declines, and the leaf color turns orange to yellow. When indica rice is infected, the color is mostly orange or slightly reddish, so it is also called red leaf disease. Mottling appears on young leaves, and rust-colored spots appear on old leaves. At present, 11 kinds of rice viral diseases have been found in China (including two mycoplasma-like diseases), namely common dwarf disease, yellow leaf disease, stripe leaf blight, black-streaked dwarf disease, yellow wilt disease, grassy stunt disease, bunchy dwarf disease, ragged stunt disease, orange leaf disease, tungro disease, and tumor dwarf disease. In southern China, rice common dwarf disease and yellow leaf disease cause the most severe damage.
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Detailed Explanation of Pollution-Free Control Techniques for Rice Pests and Diseases
I. Agricultural Control Agricultural control is the foundation for achieving pollution-free control of rice pests and diseases, and its basic principle is to create an environment that favors crop growth and development while disfavoring the breeding of pests and diseases. 1. Increase the application of organic fertilizers and gradually reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers used. In production, relying solely on chemical fertilizers (especially nitrogenous chemical fertilizers) while neglecting the cultivation, composting and use of organic fertilizers is one of the important reasons for the current severe occurrence of rice pests and diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to change concepts, attach importance to developing animal husbandry, planting green manure crops and composting various types of farmyard manure, and establish a new fertilization model based primarily on organic fertilizers and supplemented by chemical fertilizers. In order to increase the sources of organic fertilizer, it is required to plow and sow green manure or other crops in winter to prevent fields from overwintering fallow. Doing so can not only reduce the overwintering base of the striped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis) and sheath blight sclerotia, but also improve the soil. Organic fertilizer is a complete fertilizer and can comprehensively supply the various nutrient elements needed by crops, but it is also a slow-release fertilizer, and most of the nutrient elements it contains cannot be directly utilized by plants; they must first be decomposed by microorganisms into ammonium nitrogen and inorganic salts before they can be absorbed. The early stage of rice growth is precisely the key period when quick-acting fertilizers (especially nitrogen fertilizer) are needed. If the required nutrients cannot be guaranteed, it will inevitably affect normal tillering, resulting in failure to grow vigorously in the early stage and then delayed maturity with excessive vegetative growth in the later stage. Therefore, when increasing the application of organic fertilizer, attention must be paid to resolving the above contradiction between supply and demand in order to achieve safe nitrogen uptake by rice (that is, continuously and evenly supplying nitrogen fertilizer according to the needs of each growth stage, neither too much nor too little, so that rice grows steadily in the early and middle stages and does not senesce prematurely or grow excessively in the later stage). For example: when green manure is the main fertilizer source, first, the total application amount must be controlled, with about 1000 kg of fresh grass applied per 667 sq m, and not too much; second, when sowing green manure, green manure varieties with different degrees of decomposition difficulty must be mixed and sown; third, plowing must be carried out early at the appropriate time to promote the decomposition of green manure. When barnyard manure and cake fertilizer are the main fertilizer sources, efforts should be made to fully decompose them before application, they should be distributed evenly during application, and attention should be paid to intermittent irrigation after transplanting to promote the decomposition of organic fertilizer. Increasing the application of organic fertilizer does not exclude the use of chemical fertilizers; the two should be combined. At the beginning of tillering, apply 50 kg to 100 kg of silicon-manganese compound fertilizer per 667 sq m in a timely topdressing to promote early and rapid growth and steady development of the seedlings, laying a good foundation for pollution-free rice production.
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Key Technical Points for Integrated Control of Rice Diseases, Insect Pests, Weeds and Rodents
1. Suitable areas: all rice-growing areas in Guangdong Province. The rodent control technology is suitable for controlling house mice in agriculture, forestry, livestock and poultry farming, and urban areas of Guangdong Province. 2. Key technical points for rice disease and insect pest control: (1) Agricultural control: A. Select disease- and insect-resistant, high-yielding, high-quality varieties. B. Sow and transplant at the appropriate time. C. Rational close planting and fertilization. For seedling throwing, 40 trays per mu (560 holes) is appropriate; for transplanted fields, about 20,000 hills per mu (6X5 cun), that is, about 80,000-100,000 seedlings, is appropriate. For basal fertilizer, it is recommended to apply more organic fertilizer; according to soil fertility and yield, apply an appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the early and middle stages (about 10 kg of pure nitrogen per mu), and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.
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Detailed Explanation of Key Points of Standardized Fertilization Technology for Rice
I. Fertilization Principles 1. Implement balanced fertilization According to the nutrient requirements of each crop, the soil nutrient supply status and the fertilizer effect, determine the corresponding fertilization amount and fertilization method. Based on the principle of combining organic fertilizer with inorganic fertilizer, and combining base fertilizer with topdressing, achieve balanced fertilization. 2. Implement harmless treatment of organic fertilizer Organic fertilizer produced and used by farmers themselves must undergo decomposition and fermentation, harmless treatment, and kill pathogenic microorganisms, insect eggs and weed seeds. It is prohibited to use industrial waste, urban garbage and sludge, as well as farmyard manure that does not meet
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