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Occurrence Patterns and Control Methods of Cotton Seedling Diseases
Cotton seedling diseases are characterized by a concentrated onset period, generally occurring 15-30 days after sowing. The primary infection source comes mainly from the soil, with a small portion from seeds. Around April 20 this year, many provinces experienced continuous rainy and low-temperature weather, so seedling diseases are bound to be severe, and timely control measures should be taken in all areas. I. Symptom Manifestations (1) Damping-off. When cotton seedlings are affected before emergence, it causes seed and sprout rot. When disease occurs after seedling emergence, lesions initially appear as yellowish-brown and later turn black and sunken at the base of the young stem near the soil surface. The lesions gradually expand,
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How to prevent mushroom spawn degeneration? Practical control methods
Spawn degeneration can lead to slow mycelial growth, weakened resistance to the environment, contaminant microorganisms and so on, an earlier or delayed fruiting body formation period, and indistinct flushes of mushrooms. There are many causes of spawn degeneration, among which impure spawn and gene mutation are the main reasons; in addition, excessively high temperatures and mixed cultivation of different strains can all cause spawn degeneration. Measures to prevent spawn degeneration include: ensuring pure culture of the spawn, taking care not to use spawn contaminated by foreign microorganisms, and not cultivating in close proximity connected to each other; strictly controlling the number of subcultures, reducing mechanical damage,
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Control Methods for the Giant African Snail on Impatiens
The giant African snail on impatiens, scientific name Achattna fulica Ferussac, synonyms A. couroupa Lesson, A. fulica Tiyon, order Stylommatophora, family Achatinidae, also known as the African snail. Native to the coastal regions of East Africa, it was introduced to Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Fujian, Hainan, Taiwan, China and other places in China in the 1830s. Its hosts include impatiens and many other flowers, as well as vegetables and fruit trees. Its damage characteristics: it is an omnivorous pest, and young snails are mostly
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Storage Methods and Technical Key Points for Peaches, Plums, and Apricots
(1) Room-temperature storage: Peaches are not suitable for room-temperature storage, but due to the needs of transportation and shelf-life preservation, certain measures can be taken to extend the room-temperature freshness life of peaches. 1. Calcium treatment: Soak peach fruit in a 0.2%-1.5% CaCl2 solution for 2 min or vacuum-soak for several minutes, drain the liquid, and leave bare indoors; for mid- and late-maturing cultivars this can improve storability. 2. Heat treatment: Soak fruit in constant-temperature water at 52°C for 2 min, or hold in steam at 54°C for 15 min, which can
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What methods are there to prevent chilling injury in stored peaches?
Peaches are climacteric fruits, with a respiratory peak and poor storage tolerance; at room temperature they can be stored for only a few days, and most cultivars can be stored at 0°C or below for only 15~30 days. After harvest, peach fruit enzyme activity and respiration are both very strong, so at room temperature the fruit easily softens and rots; low temperature, low oxygen and higher carbon dioxide can inhibit respiration and enzyme activity. At 0°C, using film bag packaging and controlled atmosphere storage, controlling 1%~2% oxygen and 3%~5% carbon dioxide, and applying an ethylene absorbent, the fruit can be stored for 2 months, but care must be taken
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Introduction to the Technical Methods of Bagging Pear Fruit
1. Bagging effect: it can improve fruit quality, control fruit diseases and pests, reduce pesticide residues, and increase fruit storability. 2. Selection of paper bag types: suitable paper bag types should be chosen according to different cultivars, different climatic conditions, different bagging purposes and economic conditions. For green-skinned pear cultivars, single-layer bags are preferable; for cultivars with large and dense fruit dots, paper bags with strong shading properties should be used. Among Japanese pear cultivars, Housui pear is best suited to a single-layer kraft paper bag coated with paraffin, while Kosui is best suited to a bag with a green inner layer and an outer layer that is white outside and black inside
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Symptoms, Identification, and Control Methods of Leek Anthracnose
Anthracnose is an important disease of leek, widely distributed and commonly occurring. It usually occurs very mildly, with no obvious impact on production; only in individual plots or when there is more rain during the growing period does the disease become severe, with 100% of plants infected, and some leaves dying from the disease, significantly affecting yield and quality. [Symptoms] This disease mainly infects leaves and leaf sheaths. Initially, small white spots appear on the surface of leaves or leaf sheaths, which later develop into nearly oval to long spindle-shaped or irregular white necrotic dead spots, with a distinct boundary between diseased and healthy tissue. Finally, black
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Detailed Explanation of Processing Methods and Making Techniques for Flavored Dried Fish
Using fish such as rays, white eels, and sea catfish, which inherently have an off-odor, as raw materials, a dried fish product is made that has advantages including good appearance, little fishy odor, resistance to mold, good storability, good surface color after heating and preparation, and a strong fish aroma. The production method involves taking fish meat with the head, internal organs, etc. removed and seasoning it by methods such as immersion in a 0.1-0.5% (by weight) xylose aqueous solution (or a mixed seasoning liquid containing 0.1-0.5% xylose). Then it is sun-dried or hot-air dried at 60°C or below to make the dried product.
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Symptom Identification and Control Methods of Ginger Anthracnose
Ginger anthracnose. On infected leaves, nearly circular or irregular water-soaked chlorotic lesions first appear mostly from the leaf tip or leaf margin, later joining together into irregular large patches; in severe cases the leaves may dry up. When humid, small blackish, slightly rough granular dots grow on the lesions, namely the pathogen's acervuli. The disease can also attack stems and leaf tips, forming short stripe-shaped lesions on stems and leaf tips that likewise bear small black dots; in severe cases the leaves may droop but remain green.
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How to Propagate Lotus Root? A Detailed Explanation of Several Common Methods
-- Lotus seed propagation. Since lotus seeds are covered with a hard shell, first crack open the sunken end of the shell, then soak it in water at 26-30°C to promote germination. Once the sprout emerges, it must still be kept submerged in water to prevent dehydration and shriveling; when it grows to 4 leaves and 1 rhizome runner, it can be planted out in the field. Because lotus seed propagation grows slowly in the early stage, seedlings must be raised in a protected area 1 month in advance so that lotus roots of commercial value can form in the same year. -- Whole lotus root propagation. Plant the entire main lotus root together with its daughter roots and granddaughter roots at a certain row and plant spacing; the planting method is to insert the top end into the mud, with the tail tip exposed
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