How to prevent and treat common internal diseases in pigs? Prevention and treatment measures for three diseases
Prevention and treatment measures for three common internal diseases in pigs
Pig gastroenteritis is a disease in which severe inflammation occurs in the superficial and deep layers of the pig's gastrointestinal mucosa. This disease is mainly caused by improper feeding and management, such as pigs eating spoiled and deteriorated feed containing toxins, or drinking unclean water. Intreatmentif drugs are used improperly for indigestion, the gastrointestinal wall can also be severely stimulated, causing the gastrointestinal tract to absorb large amounts of bacterial toxins and then develop into gastroenteritis. In addition, malnutrition, long-distance transport, and abuse of antibiotics can all trigger this disease.
The main symptoms of this disease are increased body temperature in sick pigs, rising to 40-41 degrees C; thin feces sticking to the anus and tail, sometimes fecal incontinence; accelerated pulse, accompanied by diarrhea and reduced appetite, and a dry mouth with a coated tongue;
Sick pigs pass thin, soft, or watery feces mixed with blood; sick pigs become emaciated and dehydrated, the eyeballs sink, and when touched by hand the skin elasticity can be found to have decreased. During diagnosis, attention should be paid to distinguishing it from infectious diarrhea. When necessary, a necropsy should be performed, which will reveal pale visible mucosa and septicemic changes.
treatmentFor this disease, first, in the early stage before the pig becomes dehydrated, use 50-100 milliliters of liquid paraffin mixed with water and administer orally, thereby clearing the gastrointestinal tract. Second, use sulfaguanidine 0.1-0.3 grams per kilogram of body weight, administered orally in 2-3 divided doses, or mix 5-10 grams of sulfaguanidine and 2-3 grams of baking soda and administer orally, twice daily; oxytetracycline can also be selected, administered orally at 100 milligrams per kilogram of body weight, once daily for 3-5 consecutive days, thereby achieving anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. If the sick pig has prolonged diarrhea that will not stop, use 5-6 grams each of tannalbin and bismuth subnitrate, administered twice daily, and at the same time administer intestinal antibacterial drugs such as gentamicin, norfloxacin, and enrofloxacin according to the dose, or select medicinal charcoal fortreatment. Third, when the sickpig's conditionhas somewhat improved, use 10 grams each of pepsin and lactasin and 2 grams of caffeine sodium benzoate powder, mix and administer orally in 3 divided doses, to enhance thetreatmenteffect, so that the sick pig can fully recover. For traditional Chinese medicine, take one head of garlic, mash it into a paste, add 20-30 milliliters of baijiu, and administer orally once with water.
To prevent this disease, feeding and management should be strengthened, the pig house should be kept sanitary, dry, warm, and ventilated; feed quality should be improved, and moldy and deteriorated feed should not be fed; drinking water should be kept clean; and prevention of other infectious diseases andparasitic diseasesshould be done well. Once sick pigs with indigestion are found, they should be promptlytreatedto prevent the condition from developing into gastroenteritis.
2. Indigestion
Indigestion in pigs is mainly caused by the superficial layer of the gastrointestinal mucosa being stimulated by moldy and deteriorated feed, or by feed that is suddenly cold or hot, leading to disordered digestive function and weakened gastrointestinal digestion and absorption. If feeding and management are improper, pigs being too full or too hungry, drinking excessively after long thirst, or being fed immediately after long-distance transport can also trigger this disease. In addition, if pigs accidentally eat feed containing irritating drugs, this can also cause this disease by irritating the gastrointestinal mucosa. This disease is generally divided into two types: acute and chronic indigestion.
The symptoms of this disease are mainly reduced appetite in sick pigs, poor spirits, slow chewing when eating, red-yellow or yellow-white oral mucosa, and increased intestinal sounds; vomiting or retching often occurs, and pigs with more severe conditions will experience abdominal pain and bloating. Sick pigs generally show no obvious change in body temperature. During diagnosis, multiple conditions should be considered comprehensively to distinguish whether the indigestion is mainly in the stomach and small intestine or mainly in the large intestine. The main differences are that the former has severe bad breath, a thick tongue coating, appetite almost completely lost, and is accompanied by vomiting and constipation; the latter passes thin, soft, or watery feces mixed with mucus, with obvious intestinal sounds.
treatmentThe basic principles for treating this disease are removing the cause, improving the diet, and clearing the intestines and stopping fermentation. First, check whether the feed has deteriorated, and at the same time switch to feed that is relatively easy to digest and nutritionally complete, and provide sufficient drinking water. Second, for drugtreatment, an appropriate amount of sodium sulfate or Glauber's salt can be selected and administered orally with water to clear the sick pig's gastrointestinal tract and stop the contents from further fermenting. The dosage of sodium sulfate or Glauber's salt is 30-50 grams with an appropriate amount of water. After clearing the intestines, gastrointestinal function should be adjusted promptly; 2-10 yeast tablets can be mixed into the feed and fed, twice daily. Traditional Chinese medicine can also be used fortreatment, such as 3 grams of rhubarb powder, 1 gram of gentian powder, and 10 grams of Glauber's salt, mixed and administered orally once, twice daily, for 3-5 consecutive days. If the sick pig has severe diarrhea, anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheal treatment should be carried out; furazolidone (0.2-1 gram) or berberine 0.2-0.5 gram can be administered orally, twice daily. If the sick pig is dehydrated, glucose solution and compound sodium chloride solution should be used for intravenous infusion to maintain fluid balance.
To prevent this disease, feeding and management should be strengthened, feed should be rationally prepared, and feeding of moldy, deteriorated, and excessive coarse and hard feed should be prevented. The pig house should be cleaned and ventilated frequently, and warmth-keeping work should be done well.
3. Intestinal constipation
Intestinal constipation is an abdominal pain disease caused by intestinal atony, in which the water in the contents is absorbed and dried, leading to obstruction of the intestinal cavity. This disease is the greatest obstacle in sow production, and perinatal sows commonly experience constipation. In addition, during the course of febrile infectious diseases such as swine erysipelas and swine fever, this disease can also occur secondary.
The symptoms of this disease mainly manifest as reduced or stopped eating in sick pigs, dry and scanty defecation, with mucus, blood, or shed mucosa on the surface, and deep abdominal palpation can feel cylindrical or bead-like dry hard fecal balls. In the middle and later stages of the disease, body temperature rises, and severely affected pigs die. At the same time, the course is relatively long, the intestinal wall becomes necrotic, and localized peritonitis can occur. During diagnosis, the sick pig's systemic symptoms should be considered.
treatmentFor this disease, first, feeding should be stopped or only a small amount of green, succulent feed should be fed, while a large amount of warm water is drunk. For pigs in good body condition at the beginning of the disease, use 30-80 grams of sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate, add 1000 milliliters of warm water, and administer by one-time drenching. Also use warm water, 2% baking soda water, or soapy water for repeated deep enemas, combined with abdominal massage, which generally can be effective. When there is severe pain and restlessness, 10 milliliters of 30% analgin can be injected intramuscularly, or 5-10 grams of sodium bromide can be administered orally. When drugtreatmentis ineffective, laparotomy should be performed promptly, with enterotomy or intestinal resection.
To prevent this disease, feeding and management should be strengthened, feed should be rationally matched, and sufficient drinking water and an appropriate amount of exercise should be ensured. For newly weaned piglets, pure rice bran cannot be used for feeding. (Source: Pig Farming Lecture Hall)