Pig disease rhymes are easy to remember and practical; a veteran veterinarian of 20 years summed up 7 of them
7 pig disease rhymes summed up by a 20-year veteran veterinarian, not only easy to remember but also practical!
There is a trick to storing vaccines; they are divided into freeze-dried and liquid vaccines.
Freeze-dried at minus fifteen for one year; above four degrees, no more than half a year.
Liquid vaccines must never be frozen; store well at four to eight degrees.
Vaccine quality must be checked; for freeze-dried vaccines, check the vacuum seal;
For oil vaccines, check whether the emulsion has broken; those with quality changes or mold must be discarded.
Those past their shelf life cannot be used; expired vaccines must be thrown away.
Vaccinate healthy pig herds; immune antibodies rise greatly.
Vaccinating the weak and seriously ill makes antibodies low and things worse.
Injection and disinfection must be strictly done well to avoid cross-infection.
Dilute vaccines according to regulations; master the dose and site well.
Vaccination must be recorded; missing a vaccine brings later trouble.
Once an outbreak occurs, immediate isolation is most important;
Disinfection requirements are stricter; vaccinate uninfected pig herds quickly.
Emergency injection of high doses controls the disease with high efficacy.
Only because interferon is produced, the pathogen cannot be fierce.
Immunization program
The immunization program should change with actual conditions; the general principles are as follows:
Epidemic prevention injections have key points; swine fever and foot-and-mouth come first.
Swine fever freeze-dried live vaccine has two types: tissue and cell can be distinguished;
Sows are injected one month before farrowing; twice a year, do not neglect;
At twenty days of age or earlier, then again at sixty days of age.
Inject one to four doses; immunity shows after four days.
Foot-and-mouth disease uses an inactivated vaccine; the outbreak season is the key point,
Ordinary vaccine inject two milliliters; high-efficiency vaccine dose is halved;
Sows are injected before mating; vaccinating after pregnancy risks abortion.
After weaning, three immunizations: the first two at forty and one hundred days;
The third immunization half a month before slaughter; adjust according to actual conditions.
Antibody peaks at three weeks; the protection period is short, limited to two months.
⟧ Aujeszky's disease vaccine has many types: gene-deleted inactivated and live vaccines both;
Sows at mating and before farrowing; two times per farrowing cannot be reduced;
Dose is three milliliters per head; the immunization period of three months should not be extended.
Weaned piglets are injected once, then boosted again after one month.
Newborn piglets are given nasal drops immediately; the disease prevention effect is very obvious.
Atrophic rhinitis inactivated vaccine, for sows at mating and before farrowing,
Dose is three milliliters per head; piglets are injected during the suckling period.
If sow and piglet use the same vaccine, the piglet dose is more than halved.
Asthma freeze-dried live bacterial vaccine, immune protection period one year,
Injection dose four milliliters; thoracic cavity injection is the feature;
Imported bacterial vaccine can be injected intramuscularly, but the price is not low.
Japanese encephalitis freeze-dried attenuated vaccine, once a year in April.
Parvovirus oil inactivated vaccine, for first-litter sows before mating.
Pasteurellosis and erysipelas freeze-dried live vaccine, injected once at seventy days of age.
Paratyphoid also freeze-dried live vaccine, to be given at thirty days of age.
The above three vaccines may be skipped; healthy pig herds are the condition.
E. coli and red diarrhea vaccine, immunized twice one month before farrowing.
t--p dual-combined prevention of diarrhea, five milliliters at the Houhai point.
Infectious pleuropneumonia and streptococcus vaccine, immunized twice within three months of age,
Two weeks apart in time, three milliliters each time.
Infectious pleuropneumonia, streptococcus, infectious gastroenteritis, autogenous vaccine used in practice.
One dose each for the following: E. coli and red diarrhea linked together;
Pasteurellosis, erysipelas and paratyphoid, Japanese encephalitis and parvovirus are among them.
Boars are immunized twice a year; do not forget and set aside.
The above vaccines are injected as appropriate, increased or decreased according to actual conditions.
Know surrounding outbreaks well; antibody monitoring is the key.
Note:
Tissue and cell can be distinguished: there are tissue vaccines and cell vaccines;
Booster: booster immunization should also be used for large pigs;
Immunized twice one month before farrowing: immunize once one month before farrowing, then again half a month later;
t-p combined vaccine at Houhai point: t---p, tge-ped Houhai acupoint;
One dose: injection vaccine dose of one dose.
Coughing in suckling piglets
Suckling piglets cough for reasons; many diseases must be distinguished.
Bordetella infection, septicemia, rhinitis and pneumonia show inflammation.
Actinobacillus, Pasteurella, Mycoplasma, coughing plus breathing difficulty;
Pneumonia with meat change and pancreatic change; liver change and bleeding are characteristics.
Toxoplasmosis also causes coughing, fever, diarrhea and nervous signs;
Pneumonia, intestinal ulcers, enlarged liver, white necrotic foci form in organs.
Streptococcus in pigs also causes coughing; pneumonia appears fibrinous.
Chlamydia causes trembling and dry cough; serous secretion and body temperature.
Sneezing + coughing
Reproductive and respiratory syndrome, eyelid edema is the characteristic;
Interstitial pneumonia and rhinitis, enlarged lymph nodes turn brown.
Aujeszky's disease causes cough and sneeze, vomiting, diarrhea and nervous signs;
Tonsils, liver and spleen white necrosis, lung swelling and kidney bleeding are clearly distinguished.
Atrophic rhinitis sneezes but does not cough; nasal discharge and tear stains are clearly distinguished.
Poor environment induces sneezing and coughing; dust and ammonia are the culprits.
Note:
Tonsils, liver and spleen white necrosis: necrotizing tonsillitis;
White necrotic foci in liver and spleen, kidney blood: kidney bleeding.
Weaning — adulthood
After weaning, coughing attacks; causes are complex and diseases differ.
Mycoplasma, Salmonella, Bordetella, Aujeszky's disease, primary diseases are among them;
Haemophilus, Pasteurella, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Corynebacterium and Clostridium, secondary infections also cause severe coughing:
Accompanied by fever and abdominal breathing; lesions in the front of the lung are the key point;
Atelectasis appears red, solid in texture plus lobular swelling.
Pasteurella causes pneumonia; acute cases are commonly called lock-throat wind;
Hemorrhagic infiltration in the throat, gelatinous secretion in the trachea;
Chronic cases show pneumonia and gastritis, coughing, diarrhea and joint swelling.
Fibrinous pneumonia has many diseases; it is not only pleurisy:
Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia, diffuse hemorrhagic death in the lung;
Lesions invade the diaphragmatic lobe; nose and mouth foam is blood-red.
Haemophilus parasuis, nasal bacteria, Streptococcus, pericarditis and joint swelling.
Fibrinous bacterial diseases; viral lesions are not the same.
At this time swine fever also has coughing, fever, vomiting and nasal discharge;
First constipation then diarrhea appear alternately; remember the necropsy features:
Tissue, lymph nodes bleeding and swelling, spleen infarction, ileocecal button.
Influenza undoubtedly has coughing; though incidence is high, few pigs are lost;
The lung is sunken and deep purple; throat and trachea mucus is thick.
Note:
Haemophilus, Pasteurella, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Corynebacterium and Clostridium: Haemophilus parasuis, Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Corynebacterium and Clostridium;
Hemorrhagic death: bleeding and necrosis.
Abortion diseases
Fever can all cause abortion; key diseases must be prevented.
Parvovirus and Aujeszky's disease; the latter causes stillbirths and the former dried fetuses.
Parvovirus occurs in the first litter; piglets not aborted carry the virus and transmit it.
Japanese encephalitis occurs seasonally; after abortion it returns to normal.
Reproductive and respiratory syndrome, abortion, weak piglets and dried milk.
Chlamydia in semen can carry blood; first-litter sows after pregnancy often abort.
Brucella causes orchitis in boars; arthritis with abortion in sows.
Swine fever and toxoplasmosis also cause abortion; persistent high fever is the culprit;
Both diseases cause skin bleeding; toxoplasmosis causes especially difficult breathing;
Mild swine fever has no bleeding; ears and tail become necrotic and dry;
Toxoplasmosis self-heals after farrowing; compare with eperythrozoonosis:
Eperythrozoonosis causes abortion in only a few, anemia, thin blood and jaundice.
Anemia and jaundice same as leptospirosis, edema, blood urine plus abortion.
Note:
The latter causes stillbirths and the former dried corpses: the latter mainly produces stillbirths, the former mainly produces mummies;
Post-mating: late pregnancy
Lepto: leptospira.
Piglet diarrhea
Piglet diarrhea has many causes; the primary cause is bacteria.
Clostridium welchii causes red diarrhea, occurring at 1 to 3 days of age:
Mucosal necrosis with red feces, mesenteric lymph nodes swollen and red.
E. coli causes yellow diarrhea, also seen at 1 to 3 days of age:
Feces yellow with curd lumps, mucosal inflammation catarrhal.
White diarrhea is also caused by E. coli, mostly occurring from 7 days to 1 month of age:
Feces milky white and pasty, mesenteric lymph node swelling mild.
Brachyspira (anaerobic bacteria) causes diarrhea, mostly occurring from 1 week to 3 months of age:
In the early stage, grayish-yellow feces are passed, accompanied by elevated body temperature;
In the later stage, watery feces with mucus and blood, gelatinous feces and dehydration.
Salmonella causes paratyphoid, mostly occurring at 2 to 4 months of age:
Sudden onset with high body temperature, constipation first then diarrhea, skin purple-blue;
Acute necropsy shows septicemia, intestinal wall thickened like bran;
Necrotic foci visible in lymph nodes, yellow or white and needle-small.
Yersinia causes diarrhea, mostly occurring in summer and winter:
Watery feces mixed with mucus, body temperature rises in the early stage of illness;
In the later stage body temperature drops, skin cyanosis and dehydration;
Isolated lymphoid follicles swollen, ulcers form in the colon and rectum.
Viral diarrhea is a nuisance; stay vigilant and do not take it lightly.
Coronavirus gastroenteritis; the pathogen of flowing diarrhea is also the same as above.
The former has a high incidence at around 10 days of age, the latter at an even earlier age.
Rotavirus causes diarrhea, mostly appearing within 2 months of age.
Both pass grayish-yellow watery feces, accompanied by vomiting.
All three diseases occur in the cold season,treatmentresults are not obvious.
Pathological necropsy is also similar, only the age of onset has distinguishing features.
Swine fever and pseudorabies also cause diarrhea; a comprehensive judgment can distinguish them:
Pseudorabies causes high and rapid piglet mortality; swine fever causes constipation before diarrhea.
Circovirus causes diarrhea, accompanied by jaundice and a pale complexion;
Difficulty breathing and enlarged lymph nodes, between 1 and 3 months of age.
Chlamydia can also cause diarrhea, intestinal mesenteric lymph nodes swollen and congested;
Intestinal congestion and bleeding, enlarged liver and spleen, encephalitis can be fatal; this disease is severe.
Parasites can cause diarrhea: coccidia, roundworms and trypanosomes are distinct.
Mostly appearing at 20 days of age, accompanied by coughing and anemia.
Non-pathogenic diarrhea occurs too; keep the following points in mind:
Protein and fiber too high, vitamins and minerals not up to standard.
Feeding raw beans and moldy feed, stress factors are another cause.
There are several ways to deal with diarrhea: mix preventive drugs into the feed.
Lidinqing, namely carbadox, 50 grams mixed into 1 ton of feed;
Continuous use is no problem; a 70-day withdrawal period is essential.
Bacitracintreatmentdose, 500 grams mixed into 1 ton of feed.
Oxytetracycline base and neomycin, 150 grams per ton of feed;
Oxytetracycline course is 3 to 5 weeks, the latter course is 3 to 5 days;
If used as a preventive dose for disease control, neomycin 100 and oxytetracycline half is good.
Nitromide in feed is the same as neomycin, half a month is set as one course of treatment;
If used fortreatment, 300 grams of drug per ton of feed.
Lincomycin for prevention is mixed at 40, increased to 100 fortreatment；
One course of treatment is 3 weeks; withdrawal should be 6 days before slaughter.
Tylosin for prevention in drinking water, 60 mg per liter of water;
If used for feeding, 100 grams mixed into 1 ton of feed;
One course of treatment is 3 to 10 days; withdrawal should be 3 weeks before slaughter.
If treating diarrhea shows no effect, select a vaccine after diagnosis.
K88 and K99, oral administration to piglets after birth is good;
Long-acting oxytetracycline (Demixin), three-shot health care works well,
at 3, 7 and 21 days of age, eliminating bacterial diseases of the digestive and respiratory tracts.
Choose bacterial or viral vaccines as appropriate; feeding and management are most important.
Note:
Gastroenteritis: namely porcine transmissible gastroenteritis; the pathogen is also the same as above: its pathogen is also coronavirus; vitamins and minerals not up to standard: deficiency of vitamin folic acid, niacin, pantothenic acid and the minerals zinc, selenium, iron, copper; nitromide: metronidazole acetamide. (Reprinted source: Zhuyou Zhijia)