What are the prevention and treatment methods for swine sarcoptic mange?
Do you know the prevention and treatment methods for swine sarcoptic mange?
Because infectious diseases of pigs have been rampant in recent years, people have focused their epidemic prevention efforts on diseases such as blue ear disease and swine fever, while sarcoptic mange usually does not cause death and brings only hidden economic losses to pig farms, so this disease is oftenpig farmersoverlooked. Nowadays the infectious disease situation in many pig farms is relatively stable. In order to further improve the economic benefits of pig farms and enhance the physique and disease resistance of pigs, large-scale pig farms should pay attention to theprevention and treatment。
The sarcoptic mite is an ectoparasite, different from other infectious diseases. At present, research on this disease is relatively thorough, and diagnosis of this disease is not difficult. Its symptoms can be said to be clear at a glance, and theprevention and treatmentdrugs for this disease also have relatively ideal effects. At the same time, our practice has also confirmed that as long as drugs are used reasonably and the environmental hygiene of the pig farm is well managed, and this can be maintained for several years, swine sarcoptic mange can be eliminated in any pig farm.
I. Causes of the disease
1. Swine sarcoptic mites prefer darkness and dampness. For example, in seasons of continuous rain, in environments with dense pig herds and poor sanitary conditions, it is conducive to the reproduction, spread and proliferation of sarcoptic mites, and the manifestations of thepig diseasecondition are also more severe. In summer, some pig houses use wet curtains. If ventilation is poor and conditions are damp and filthy, this also creates conditions for the reproduction of sarcoptic mites.
2. Regardless of the size of the pig, all can be infected with sarcoptic mites, but piglets are more susceptible, with more obvious symptoms and greater harm. With increasing age, symptoms gradually lessen and the pigs become mite carriers. This disease is often transmitted from carrier sows to piglets. Therefore, attention has been paid to theprevention and treatmentof sows. However, it is not known that boars carrying mites are also very common, and some pig farms neglect theprevention and treatmentof sarcoptic mange in breeding boars, unknowingly laying hidden dangers for the long-term prevalence of this disease in pig farms.
II. Clinical key points. The clinical diagnosis of swine sarcoptic mange is not difficult. Experienced veterinarians can see it at a glance. The main symptoms are:
1. In the early stage, it is commonly seen as shedding of dandruff on the ear margins, with red spots and vesicles appearing, which later merge with each other and form scabs. In addition, the eye sockets, cheeks, neck, shoulders, both sides of the trunk and limbs are all susceptible areas. Because the affected areas itch, sick pigs often rub against walls, railings or each other, even rubbing until the skin breaks and bleeds. The mucus and dandruff exuded from the affected areas condense into scabs, which fall off after rubbing and then form scabs again. This repeats over time, causing the skin to become rough, thickened, lose elasticity, or form wrinkles and fissures.
2. Piglets sick for a long time may also develop decreased appetite, slow growth, poor development and weakened physique, and are prone to secondary or induced other diseases.
III.Prevention and treatmentmeasures
1. Keep pig houses clean, dry, well-lit and well ventilated. The stocking density of the pig herd should be reasonable, and pig houses should be frequently cleaned and disinfected.
2. Regularly inspect the pig herd. When pigs with sarcoptic mange are found, isolate them promptly andtreatthem, and only regroup them after recovery.
3. When introducingbreeding pigs, isolate and raise them according to routine practice. During this period, carry out examination for sarcoptic mites and drug deworming. Only after confirming that thebreeding pigsare healthy and safe can they be regrouped.
4. Drugprevention and treatmentof sarcoptic mange. For theprevention and treatmentof sarcoptic mange, the preferred injectable drugs are avermectin, ivermectin or doramectin, etc.; for oral administration, use avermectin, ivermectin premix, etc.; for external application, use organophosphorus compounds, pyrethroid compounds, amitraz or avermectin transdermal agents, refined trichlorfon, etc.
IV. Experience in drugprevention and treatmentof sarcoptic mange
⒈Beforetreatment, examine sick pigs and pigs in the same group one by one, and understand the condition and affected sites of each pig, so as to determine the symptomatictreatmentplan.
2. Sarcoptic mange is highly contagious through contact, so when individual sick pigs are found, it is best to giveprevention and treatment。
to all pigs in the entire herd.
3. In pig farms with severe sarcoptic mange, measures combining injectable administration plus external medication, or oral administration plus external medication, can be adopted.
4. When applying external insecticides, for individual cases with severe conditions, the hair on and around the affected area should be clipped, and warm soapy water should be used to thoroughly remove scabs and dirt. After rinsing off the soapy water, apply the drug. The absorption rate of the drug should be controlled. In seasons with lower temperatures, it is advisable to raise the barn temperature first, and use warm water to prepare and apply the drug, appropriately increasing the drug concentration. In summer, it is advisable to apply the drug in the morning when the temperature is not too high. If the drug is used at a high temperature point, because the pores open, drug absorption accelerates, which easily increases the occurrence of allergic cases, and in severe cases acute poisoning may occur. When applying the drug on high-temperature days, the drug concentration can be appropriately reduced.
5. When deworming pregnant sows against mites, the miticide and the appropriate method of administration should be chosen carefully. Improper use or inappropriate medication may cause abortion in some sows.
6. Conventional acaricidal drugs usually can only kill the adult mites, not the eggs. According to the development pattern of mite eggs, after the first medication, repeat the medication once at an interval of 7-10 days, and a third medication can be given if necessary.
7. Seasonal mange generally occurs in winter and spring, so mite deworming work should focus on these two seasons. The key is to grasp two time points:
(1) Late autumn and early winter. At this time, the temperature is conducive to the effect of external medication. Two consecutive treatment courses can be arranged to reduce the infection level to the minimum, which is conducive to controlling the disease in winter;
(2) Late winter and early spring. At this time, the temperature begins to rise, and mite reproduction enters an active period. Arrange two courses of whole-herd mite deworming to suppress this momentum. If these two time points are not controlled well, the mite situation in winter and spring will not be optimistic, and even if it is to be controlled, it will cost more manpower and material resources. 8. Traditionally, higher temperatures in summer and autumn are not conducive to mite growth, and infection pressure is low. With the improvement of equipment in large-scale pig farms in recent years, especially the use of wet curtains, negative-pressure ventilation systems, or the construction of enclosed constant-temperaturepig houses
, even in the hottest summer, the indoor temperature in the barn can be controlled at 25°C-30°C. Coupled with relatively high humidity, this is still conducive to mite growth, so mite deworming in summer cannot be relaxed either.
9. According to the production process of large-scale pig farms, when pigs move between different stages, deworming programs for internal and external parasites (including mites) should be arranged, so as to control the spread of parasites between different stages.
Boars and sows: deworm the entire herd once every quarter, 4 times a year.
Replacement gilts: deworm once within 1 month after introduction
Piglets: deworm once during the nursery period and once during the growing period