Symptoms and Treatment Methods of Pig Poisoning
What are the symptoms of pig poisoning? How is it treated?
What are the symptoms of pig poisoning?
1. Symptoms of moldy feed poisoning: In the early stage of pig feed poisoning, symptoms include pale skin, later turning blue-purple, unsteady walking, foaming at the mouth, and trembling all over the body. In severe cases, the pig's ears, lips, four hooves and tail turn purplish blue-red, with rapid breathing, loss of appetite, diarrhea, dilated pupils, and death from convulsions. Before the onset, the pig's feeding, drinking and mental activity are normal, and the disease strikes suddenly after eating. Different types of feed poisoning each have their own characteristic pathological changes and clinical symptoms.
2. Symptoms of distiller's grain poisoning: In acute poisoning, the initial stage shows elevated body temperature, conjunctival congestion, restlessness, and rapid breathing. Gastrointestinal inflammation symptoms such as abdominal pain and diarrhea appear; the sick pig's limbs become paralyzed and it lies on the ground unable to rise. Chronic poisoning manifests as digestive disorders, constipation or diarrhea, blood in the urine, conjunctival inflammation, decreased vision or even blindness, and the appearance of skin rashes and dermatitis. Acidic substances cause calcium-phosphorus metabolism disorders, leading to bone softening. Body temperature decreases, and death may occur due to paralysis of the respiratory center; in long-term cases, jaundice and blood in the urine may be seen, and pregnant sows may miscarry. Death mostly occurs due to paralysis of the respiratory center.
3. Symptoms of salt poisoning in pigs: Salt poisoning in pigs mostly occurs as group outbreaks. Symptoms in the herd include excessive drinking, vomiting, diarrhea, accompanied by mental symptoms such as dullness, deafness, opisthotonus, walking, circling, convulsions, teeth grinding, drooling, muscle tremors, limb paralysis, and falling to the ground unconscious. The pig's mental symptoms can occur multiple times a day, with each episode lasting 2-3 minutes. In the late stage of salt poisoning, pigs show difficulty breathing, hindquarter paralysis, and lie on the ground unable to rise, often dying while unconscious. Necropsy of dead pigs can reveal gastrointestinal mucosal congestion and edema, showing catarrhal inflammation, pericardial effusion, brain edema, and edema symptoms throughout the body's tissues and organs.
4. Symptoms of nitrite poisoning: Acutely poisoned pigs usually develop symptoms 10~15min after eating, while chronic poisoning may develop symptoms within a few hours. Generally, pigs with strong physiques and good appetites develop severe symptoms due to their large feed intake. Sick pigs have severe difficulty breathing, excessive urination, cyanosis of visible mucous membranes, and when the ear tips and tail tips are pricked, a small amount of soy-sauce-colored blood flows out. Body temperature is normal or slightly low, and the peripheral parts of the body feel cold. Gastrointestinal inflammation symptoms appear due to irritation of the gastrointestinal tract, such as drooling, vomiting, and diarrhea. Ataxia, spasms, struggling and squealing, or blind movement, and weak heartbeat. Before death, opisthotonus, convulsions, and falling to the ground to die.
5. Symptoms of copper poisoning: The onset is rapid. In most cases, pigs show related symptoms 1 hour after eating feed supplemented with copper, namely poor appetite, anorexia, drooling, abdominal pain, limb weakness, vomiting, diarrhea (excrement with a foul odor, mostly blue and green in color, with mucus), unsteady walking, fast heart rate, systemic spasms and shock, etc. The treatment outcomes for these pigs are poor, and they basically die within 1 day to 2 days of copper poisoning; Chronic type - pigs with this type of copper poisoning have a long disease course, mostly more than one week and less than several months, with main symptoms including small appetite, poor appetite, poor mental state, weight loss, difficulty breathing, diarrhea, eye swelling, difficulty opening the eyes, muscle trembling, and jaundice. Laboratory necropsy of dead pigs reveals the following pathological features: Acute type - severe gastric mucosal ulceration in pigs with significant bleeding, multiple necrosis of the intestinal conjunctiva, honeycomb-like ulcers at the cecum and ileum, and a membrane attached at the duodenum, black-green in color, attached at the front end of the intestine; Chronic type - after necropsy of pigs that died from this type of copper poisoning, severe jaundice of the body can be seen, with obvious congestion and swelling at the kidneys, hepatic steatosis, liver hemorrhage and enlargement at the liver, severe lesions at the myocardium, edema in the lungs, and the blood appears relatively thin.
6. Pesticide poisoning: Pesticides that may cause pig poisoning include organophosphates, carbamates and chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides. The main causes are insecticides being accidentally mixed into feed, scattered in pig pens, or applied in excess during spraying and pouring, or being licked.
Symptoms:
① Organophosphate and carbamate poisoning. Poisoning symptoms: drooling, defecation, vomiting, unsteady gait, and then difficulty breathing and muscle tremors; Lesions: no characteristic lesions, but large amounts of fluid in the respiratory tract and pulmonary edema are usually seen;
② Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide poisoning. Clinical symptoms: excessive excitement and tonic-clonic convulsive seizures; Lesions: only mechanical damage is shown;
Pig Poisoning
How is pig poisoningtreated?
1. Treatment methods for moldy feed poisoning: First, stop feeding the suspected feed, and administer 20~150 grams of sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate orally to expel the toxins from the gastrointestinal tract. Alternatively, administer 2~50 grams of medical charcoal orally first, then a saline laxative. If it is nitrite poisoning, 1 milliliter per kilogram of 1% methylene blue can be injected intravenously, or 5 milliliters per kilogram of 5% toluidine blue can be injected intravenously, intraperitoneally or intramuscularly. For alkaloid poisoning, 8~10 drops of iodine tincture diluted with water can be administered orally. For hydrocyanic acid poisoning, methylene blue and sodium thiosulfate can be used as antidotes. For salt poisoning, calcium bromide can be injected into the ear vein. If there are convulsions or spasms, inject 30~50 milligrams of chlorpromazine or luminal, etc., for sedation and antispasmodic effect. If there is heart failure, inject 20~25 milliliters of anacardone or nikethamide, etc., to strengthen the heart, improve coronary circulation, and stimulate the central nervous system. At the same time, to accelerate the excretion of absorbed toxins and regulate physiological detoxification functions, large doses of 5% to 10% glucose, normal saline, compound normal saline, etc., are commonly injected intravenously or intraperitoneally.
2. Treatment methods for distiller's grain poisoning: If the proportion of distiller's grain in pig feed is too high, distiller's grain poisoning is very likely to occur. The symptoms of poisoning are: restlessness, excited barking, mucosal flushing, staggering gait, abdominal pain and diarrhea; chronic poisoning is accompanied by symptoms such as indigestion, jaundice, dermatitis, and blood in the urine. For emergency treatment, immediately inject 5 milliliters~10 milliliters of 10%~20% caffeine sodium benzoate, intravenously inject 500 milliliters of glucose saline, and administer 1000 milliliters~2000 milliliters of 5% baking soda solution orally.
3. Treatment methods for salt poisoning: Generally, in the early stage, the affected pig's body temperature is normal, only showing listlessness, unwillingness to eat, extreme thirst, accompanied by symptoms such as foaming at the mouth, abdominal pain, constipation or diarrhea, and sometimes blood in the feces. If salt poisoning is found in pigs, immediately stop feeding feed with excessive salt content, perform bloodletting at the ear tips and tail tips of the affected pig, and intravenously inject the affected pig with magnesium sulfate (0.1 grams per kilogram of body weight) and 250 milliliters~500 milliliters of 10% glucose injection, injected once every 6 hours, and continuous injection 2~3 times can cure it.
4. Treatment methods for nitrite poisoning: Pigs will show restlessness, accelerated heartbeat, difficulty breathing, vomiting and drooling, cold limbs and ears, trembling and convulsions all over the body, decreased body temperature, and in severe cases, fall to the ground with spasms, foaming at the mouth,
and quickly fall into coma and die of suffocation. For emergency treatment, bloodletting at the ear tips and tail tips of the affected pig should be carried out as soon as possible, and immediately intravenously or intramuscularly inject 1% methylene blue solution (inject 1 milliliter per kilogram of body weight for pigs), or intravenously inject toluidine blue solution (inject 5 milliliters per kilogram of body weight for pigs), and cooperate by giving the affected pig oral or injectable large doses of vitamin C, as well as intravenous glucose injection; for pigs with heart failure, camphor caffeine can be injected. To prevent nitrite poisoning in pigs, for green feed fed to pigs, feeding fresh green feed is recommended as much as possible.
5. Treatment methods for copper poisoning: First, replace all the feed that the pig has eaten, and add the previously prepared vitamin powder (vitamins B, E, K), sugar solution (with 0.1% vitamin C added), iron supplements, etc., to the pig's feed without any additives and drinking water, so as to promote the rapid improvement of the pig's physical discomfort symptoms after eating and drinking; Secondly, calcium sodium edetate and penicillamine drugs can be usedto treatpig diseases. For the former, administer a mixture of 2g of the drug + 200 milliliters of normal saline to the pig via intravenous dripfor treatment, with a daily dosage of 2 times. For the latter, add the drug to the feed for the pig to consume, giving 3 times a dayfor treatmentwith good efficacy, with the dosage of penicillamine consumed by a single pig being 0.3 grams; if the pig's condition after copper poisoning is severe, then use potassium ferrocyanide solution (0.2%), magnesium oxide, egg white, etc.to treat，treatmentduration is controlled at 3 days; if the pig has relatively severe gastric ulcer symptoms after copper poisoning, it is recommended to let the pig continuously take ranitidine for one week to improve it, and baking soda powder (0.1%) can also be added to the feed for the pig to eat, which also has a good effect on improving gastric ulcers in sick pigs.
6. For pesticide poisoningtreatment：
① Organophosphate and carbamate poisoningtreatmentmeasures: Intravenously inject atropine sulfate at a dose of 0.5 milligrams/kilogram of body weight; in severe cases, oral activated charcoal can be given as well.
② For chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide poisoningtreatment: No specific antidote, but long-acting barbiturates can be used to sedate the pig. (Auxiliary measures: If contact occurred through the skin, wash with warm soapy water; if ingested orally, a suspension of activated charcoal and water can be used for gastric lavage, avoid using oil-based laxatives, and in severe cases, intravenously inject glucose and administer fluids.)